scholarly journals Escherichia coli: Old problem, new pathology

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Samokovlija ◽  
Bosiljka Djuricic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Basic Step ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Real Picture

Even though the presence of Escherichia coli in the organism of humans and animals as a commensal has been known for a long time, attention has been paid to it only recently as the cause of diseases in humans and animals. The disease that is caused by this bacteria is linked to new variants-strains (eg. Verotoxic 0157:H7) which have, due to the toxic effects, a pathogensis and clinical picture that differs from those which have so far been linked to the conventional E.coli. Namely, it has been proved that there is a connection between the presence of certain strains of this bacteria in animals in which there is no occurrence of clinical symptoms, and diseased humans who had come into contact with these animals. Since infection with E.coli is transferred also through food items of animal origin, and in keeping with the valid regulations on hygiene safety of food items, increasing importance is placed on the isolation and identification of this bacteria on the slaughter line. It has also been accepted that it is necessary to apply screening among animal populations, as the basic step in the control and eradication of pathogens. There are few data on the distribution of verotoxic E.coli and the number of reported cases of infection in humans in Serbia, and they do not provide the real picture of the epizootiological-epidemiological situation. Verotoxic E.coli occurred over the past two decades as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Due to the large number of cases that are linked, directly or indirectly, with food items of animal origin, there have been major economic losses as well.

scholarly journals Translational Approach to Induce and Evaluate Verocytotoxic E. coli O138 Based Disease in Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
Luciana Rossi ◽  
Lauretta Turin ◽  
Giovanni Loris Alborali ◽  
Eugenio Demartini ◽  
Joel Fernando Soares Filipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Pig livestock was influenced by several global concerns that imposed a re-thinking of the farming system, which included the reduction in chemical dependency and the development of antimicrobial alternatives. Post-weaning diarrhea and enterotoxaemia caused by Escherichia coli, are serious threats that are responsible for the economic losses related to mortality, morbidity and stunted growth in weaning piglets. The aim of the study was to set up experimental conditions to simulate the simultaneous outbreak of post-weaning diarrhea and enterotoxaemia in weaned piglets, through verocytotoxic O138 Escherichia coli challenge, with a multidisciplinary approach. Eighteen piglets susceptible to F18 VTEC infection were selected by polymerase chain reaction for polymorphism on the fucosyltransferase 1 gene and randomly divided in two experimental groups, non-infected controls (C; n = 6) and infected ones (I; n = 12) and housed into individual pens at the same environmental conditions for 29 days. At day 20, I pigs were orally inoculated with Escherichia coli O138 and fed a high protein ration for 3 days. Zootechnical, clinical, microbiological, histological and immunological parameters were evaluated along the follow up (3 and 9 days). Experimental infection, confirmed by bacteria faecal shedding of the I group, significantly affected the clinical status. The I group showed significantly higher total scores, corresponding to medians of the sum of daily scores from days 1 to 3 (Σ3) and 1 to 9 (Σ9) post infection, epiphora, vitality, hair irregularity, oedema and depression. Histological examination showed evident inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, and follicular hyperplasia in I pigs; in the same group, the immunohistochemical and immunological assays revealed an increase in IgG in the intestinal crypts and CD3-positive T cells in intestinal epithelium. The experimental Escherichia coli infection in controlled conditions is crucial for both the evaluation of innovative compounds and the elucidation of the mechanisms associated with the persistence of antibacterial resistant strains. In conclusion, the adopted infection model, carried out on receptor-mediated susceptible piglets, allowed us to identify a discriminative panel of clinical symptoms related to Escherichia coli O138 infection, and could be used to assess the protective effect of antibiotic alternatives.

Descriptive and categorical analyses of live animals imported into Nigeria through an international airport and their enterobacterial load

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Faecal Samples

Introduction: Globalization, international trade, and the increase in human and animal populations has enhanced the spread of infectious pathogens across countries. The volume, sources, species, enterobacterial load, and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria of live animals imported through Murtala Muhammed International Airport into Nigeria were investigated. Methods: Data of imported animals from various continents into Nigeria between years 2010 and 2016 were retrieved from Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services. Faecal samples were collected from dogs and cats imported from April to July 2017 for isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, and enterobacterial load assessment using MacConkey agar, Nutrient agar and biochemical tests. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 6,349 (median = 676; range: 362-1666) animals were imported. Africa had the largest volume (55.7%), Europe (28.0%) and Oceania lowest (0.1%). Canine (dogs) and feline (cats) (59.9%), caprine and ovine (12.1%), bovine (11.5%), porcine (10.2%) and equine (6.2%) were imported. Continent of origin (χ2= 21.63, p < 0.0001) and species (χ2 = 1200.00, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with volume of importation. Mean Enterobacteriaceae Counts were 18.126±0.84×107 and 3.855±0.53×107 CFU/gram for dogs and cats, respectively. Escherichia coli, Proteus, Shigella, Citrobacter and Klebsiella species were isolated. Significance: Live animals, mostly dogs and cats imported frequently from Africa and Europe into Nigeria through the airport may constitute a risk of introducing infectious and zoonotic pathogens into the country. Animals imported into Nigeria should be regularly quarantined and assessed microbiologically to ensure disease prevention.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of virulent and resistant Escherichia coli strains to non-polar and polar compounds identified in Microplumeria anomala

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1376-1387
Author(s):  
Livia Roberta Piedade Camargo ◽  
Vania Maria de Carvalho ◽  
Ingrit Elida Collantes Díaz ◽  
Mateus Luís Barradas Paciencia ◽  
Sergio Alexandre Frana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Human Infections

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is one of the main pathogens responsible for veterinary and human infections, and it is associated with significant economic losses in the livestock, as it causes severe diseases to humans, particularly in children. For that reason, there is a need for introducing new drugs to treat E. coli diseases. The Brazilian species richness is a source of potential new antibacterial natural products. The study aimed at the biological and chemical investigation of the organic extract obtained from the stem of Microplumeria anomala (Apocynaceae), EB127, as it was identified as a potential source of new antibacterial compounds to be used in Veterinary. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion and microdilution assays; chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and mass spectrometry were used in the isolation and identification of compounds. Results: EB127 showed activity against E. coli ATCC25922, and against three E. coli strains that were isolated from frigarte's cloaca, named 31/1A, 35A, and 51A. Lupeol, 3-acetyl-11-oxo-β-amyrin, 3-acetyl-11-oxo-α-amyrin, sitosterol, stigmasterol, 3β,7α-dihydroxy-cholest-5-ene, 3β-hydroxy-cholest-5-en-7-one, and 3β-hydroxy-cholest-5,22-dien-7-one were identified in fraction Hex/CHCl3, while loganin, loganic acid, methylanomaline, and anomaline were all identified in EB127 and protocatechuic acid hexoside, ferulic acid, secoxyloganin, feruloylquinic acid, vanillic acid hexoside, protocatechuic acid-4-O-β-hexoside, and rosmarinic acid were tentatively identified in fraction 10%ACN/H2O. E. coli 51A (virulent/non-resistant) showed sensitivity to the antibacterial action of fraction Hex/CHCl3 which contains alkaloids, triterpenes, and steroids, while E. coli 35A (resistant/non-virulent) were more susceptible to 10%ACN/H2O, which contains iridoids as loganin and loganic acid, and glycosylated and non-glycosylated caffeic acids. Conclusion: Fraction 10%ACN/H2O is of interest in pursuing new drugs to treat resistant E. coli, in veterinary. All compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time and have shown potential as new antibacterial natural products from Amazon plants to be used in veterinary and human diseases.

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from the Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue of Sheep and Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sunaina Thakur ◽  
Subhash Verma ◽  
Prasenjit Dhar ◽  
Mandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Respiratory infections of sheep and goats cause heavy morbidity and mortality, leading to huge economic losses. Conventional methods of diagnosis that include isolation and identification of incriminating microbes are time-consuming and fraught with logistic challenges. Direct detection of incriminating microbes using molecular tools is gaining popularity in clinical, microbiological settings. In this study, a total of 50 samples (44 nasal swabs and 6 lung tissues) from sheep and goats were screened for the detection of different bacterial species by in vitro amplification of genus or species-specific genes. Histophilus somni was detected in 2% goat samples, Trueperella pyogenes in 20% goat nasal swabs, whereas 22% goat nasal swab samples were found positive for Mycoplasma spp. None of the samples from sheep was detected positive for H. somni, T. pyogenes, Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, all samples, irrespective, whether from sheep or goats, showed negative results for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

scholarly journals Deletion of FaeG alleviated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ac-induced apoptosis in the intestine

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Xia ◽  
Yunping Wu ◽  
Siqi Lian ◽  
Guomei Quan ◽  
Yiting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Antibody Microarray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fimbrial Subunit ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Weaning Piglets

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major constraint to the development of the pig industry, which is causing newborn and post-weaning piglets diarrhea. Previous studies proved that FaeG is the major fimbrial subunit of F4ac E. coli and efficient for bacterial adherence and receptor recognition. Here we show that the faeG deletion attenuates both the clinical symptoms of F4ac infection and the F4ac-induced intestinal mucosal damage in piglets. Antibody microarray analysis and the detection of mRNA expression using porcine neonatal jejunal IPEC-J2 cells also determined that the absence of FaeG subunit alleviated the F4ac promoted apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, targeted depletion of FaeG is still beneficial for the prevention or treatment of F4ac infection.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) total RNA against ETEC challenge in a mouse model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandi Liu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Yun Bai ◽  
Guomei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Etec Infection

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), an essential cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets, leads to significant economic losses to the pig industry. The present study aims to identify the role of ETEC total RNA in eliciting immune responses to protect animals against ETEC infection. The results showed that the total RNA isolated from pig-derived ETEC K88ac strain effectively stimulated the IL-1β secretion of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The mouse model immunized with ETEC total RNA via intramuscular injection (IM) or oral route (OR) was used to evaluate the protective efficiency of the ETEC total RNA. The results suggested that 70 μg ETEC total RNA administered by either route significantly promoted the production of the serum IL-1β and K88ac specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA). Besides, the ETEC RNA administration augmented strong mucosal immunity by elevating K88ac specific IgA level in the intestinal fluid. Intramuscularly administered RNA induced a Th1/Th2 shift toward a Th2 response, while the orally administered RNA did not. The ETEC total RNA efficiently protected the animals against the ETEC challenge either by itself or as an adjuvant. The histology characterization of the small intestines also suggested the ETEC RNA administration protected the small intestinal structure against the ETEC infection. Particularly of note was that the immunity level and protective efficacy caused by ETEC RNA were dose-dependent. These findings will help understand the role of bacterial RNA in eliciting immune responses, and benefit the development of RNA-based vaccines or adjuvants.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of mcr1 and mcr2 plasmid mediated colistin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates of animal origin in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Ilbeigi ◽  
Mahdi Askari Badouei ◽  
Hossein Vaezi ◽  
Hassan Zaheri ◽  
Sina Aghasharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Farming Industry

Abstract Objectives The emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from human and animal sources is one of the major public health concerns as colistin is the last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of the prototype widespread colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) among commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing and companion animals in Iran. Results A total of 607 E. coli isolates which were previously collected from different animal sources between 2008 and 2016 used to uncover the possible presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) by PCR. Overall, our results could not confirm the presence of any mcr-1 or mcr-2 positive E. coli among the studied isolates. It is concluded that despite the important role of food-producing animals in transferring the antibiotic resistance, they were not the main source for carriage of mcr-1 and mcr-2 in Iran until 2016. This study suggests that the other mcr variants (mcr-3 to mcr-9) might be responsible for conferring colistin resistance in animal isolates in Iran. The possible linkage between pig farming industry and high level of mcr carriage in some countries needs to be clarified in future prospective studies.

Diversity of antibiotic‐resistant Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli serogroups in foodstuffs of animal origin in northern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed A. Khan ◽  
Ram S. Rathore ◽  
Hussein H. Abulreesh ◽  
Abdullah S. Al‐thubiani ◽  
Shaheen Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Northern India
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