scholarly journals Parenteral feeding of cats and dogs

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Milan Jovanovic ◽  
Nenad Andric
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Parenteral Feeding ◽  
Macro Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Injured Patients

Inadequate diet combined with disease, injury or stress increases the metaobolic activity of patients to above the normal activity at rest. Sick or injured patients that are incapable of the intake of food and use nutritive matter through the digestive tract are indicated for parenteral feeding. Prior to the application of parenteral nutrition itself, it is necessary to carry out a series of clinical and laboratory analyses in order to determine which patients should actually be treated in this way. In order to determine the parenteral nutritive requirements, the veterinarian must assess the nutritive requirements of the patient, and on these grounds determine the type of solution that will be applied. It is very difficult to determine the precise requirements, so that certain relations are used in practice between the individual nutritive components that are based on the average requirements of these animal species. For parenteral nutrition, solutions are applied that are based on dextrose or glucose, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, micro and macro elements. In the course of the application of parenteral feeding, constant monitoring of the patient is necessary in the form of clinical examinations and laboratory tests.

scholarly journals Macronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Amino Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Roberto Iacone ◽  
Clelia Scanzano ◽  
Lidia Santarpia ◽  
Iolanda Cioffi ◽  
Franco Contaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Muscle Mass Loss ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The right amount and quality of amino acids (AAs) supplied to patients on parenteral nutrition (PN) reduces muscle mass loss, may preserve or even increase it, with significant clinical benefits. Several industrial PN mixtures are available so that nutrition specialists can choose the product closest to the patient’s needs. In selected cases, there is the possibility of personalizing compounded mixtures in a hospital pharmacy that completely meets the individual nutritional needs of PN patients. This narrative review deals with the AA solutions used in PN mixtures. The physiology, the methods to calculate the AA needs, and the AA and energy requirements suggested by scientific guidelines for each patient type are also reported.

scholarly journals Updates in Parenteral Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Simona Popescu ◽  
Laura Diaconu ◽  
Bogdan Timar ◽  
Romulus Timar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Central Venous Access ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Additional Approach

AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) represents an alternative or additional approach when other nutrition routes are not succeeding or when using other routes is not possible or would be unsafe. The main goal of PN is to deliver a nutrient mixture closely related to requirements in a safe manner and without complications. The concentration of parenteral solutions (PS) determines their osmolarity, according to which, the solutions will be infused by peripheral or central venous access. The solutions used in central PN contain more glucose, which, together with amino acids and electrolytes, determines a hyperosmolar solution, which has to be administered in a large caliber vein. Central venous access may be maintained over long periods of time. In peripheral PN there are used solutions with a lower concentration of dextrose in order to obtain (solutions with the) an osmolarity lower than 900 mOsm/L, which can be administered in a peripheral vein. Peripheral PN is used over short periods of time because of the limited tolerance for a long term of peripheral veins. PN is an efficient method to ensure the nutritional support which can be associated with numerous complications, some of them severe, with lethal potential. Patients with PN need a daily physical examination and laboratory tests.

Comparison of modified amino acids and standard amino acids in parenteral nutrition support of thermally injured patients

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
REX O. BROWN ◽  
ELIZABETH A. BUONPANE ◽  
KATHRYN L. VEHE ◽  
WILLIAM L. HICKERSON ◽  
R. WAYNE LUTHER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Injured Patients

scholarly journals Radical Hemithoracic Radiotherapy Induces Systemic Metabolomics Changes That Are Associated with the Clinical Outcome of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Patients

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Emanuela Di Gregorio ◽  
Gianmaria Miolo ◽  
Asia Saorin ◽  
Elena Muraro ◽  
Michela Cangemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
The Individual

Radical hemithoracic radiotherapy (RHRT) represents an advanced therapeutic option able to improve overall survival of malignant pleural mesothelioma patients. This study aims to investigate the systemic effects of this radiotherapy modality on the serum metabolome and their potential implications in determining the individual clinical outcome. Nineteen patients undergoing RHRT at the dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions were enrolled. Serum targeted metabolomics profiles were investigated at baseline and the end of radiotherapy by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate OPLS-DA analyses were applied to study the serum metabolomics changes induced by RHRT while PLS regression analysis to evaluate the association between such changes and overall survival. RHRT was found to affect almost all investigated metabolites classes, in particular, the amino acids citrulline and taurine, the C14, C18:1 and C18:2 acyl-carnitines as well as the unsaturated long chain phosphatidylcholines PC ae 42:5, PC ae 44:5 and PC ae 44:6 were significantly decreased. The enrichment analysis showed arginine metabolism and the polyamine biosynthesis as the most perturbed pathways. Moreover, specific metabolic changes encompassing the amino acids and acyl-carnitines resulted in association with the clinical outcome accounting for about 60% of the interpatients overall survival variability. This study highlighted that RHRT can induce profound systemic metabolic effects some of which may have a significant prognostic value. The integration of metabolomics in the clinical assessment of the malignant pleural mesothelioma could be useful to better identify the patients who can achieve the best benefit from the RHRT treatment.

scholarly journals Inter and intraspecies comparison of the level of selected bacterial phyla in in cattle and sheep based on feces

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Szeligowska ◽  
Paulina Cholewińska ◽  
Katarzyna Czyż ◽  
Konrad Wojnarowski ◽  
Marzena Janczak
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
As Species ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Host Effect ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The microbiome of the digestive tract of ruminants contains microbial ecosystem that is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The subject of this study concerns the influence of selected genetic factors, such as species of animals and “host” individual differences on the digestive tract microbiome composition. The results show the core microbiological composition (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) of ruminants digestive tract (based on feces) depending on breed and “host”. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla are the most abundant in ruminants digestive tract. The aim of the study was to determine the differences prevalence level of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla in feces of Charolaise cattle and Polish Olkuska Sheep with respect to intra- and inter-species variability. Results The research group in the experiment consisted of animals at the age of 3 months kept in the same environmental conditions – rams of Polish Olkuska Sheep (n = 10) and Charolaise bulls (n = 10). Feces were collected individually from each animal (animals without disease symptoms were selected), living on the same environmental conditions. The analysis of the results in terms of species showed differences in the Firmicutes phylum level and Lactobacillaceae family between rams and bulls. Subsequently, the analysis performed for the “host effect” showed differentiation in the levels of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla between individuals in a group and also between the groups. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that, apart from the diet and the environment, the species and the individual host are equally important factors influencing the microbiological composition of the digestive system of ruminants.

Digestion of soybean meal and canola meal protein and amino acids in the digestive tract of young ruminants.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 3421 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Khorasani ◽  
W C Sauer ◽  
L Ozimek ◽  
J J Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Meal Protein
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