scholarly journals Development of optical, microstructural and mechanical properties of porcelain stonewares

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Tuna Aydin ◽  
Osman Bican ◽  
Recep Gümrük ◽  
Hamdi Kuleyin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
New Production ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The One

New production systems developed in recent years made it possible to improve different aesthetic appearance and large sizes for porcelain stonewares. In order to produce these tiles, optical and mechanical properties of the porcelain stonewares should be improved. Optical and mechanical properties also related with microstructure. In this study, spodumene, alumina and zircon were used to improve the microstructure of the porcelain stonewares and consequently their optical and mechanical properties. The wear resistance of porcelain stonewares is the one of the most important mechanical properties. In this study, a different test method was used because the existing wear test methods on the tiles were insufficient. The solid particle impingement method using alumina particles was used to determine wear resistance of the porcelain stoneware bodies.

Evaluation of changes in mechanical properties of O-ring in one-piece and two-piece ball retained implant-supported overdentures: A three-year retrospective study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathima Banu Raza ◽  
Anand Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

The o-rings in ball retained overdentures deteriorate with time and need replacement to restore the retentive quality. We evaluated retrospectively the mechanical properties of o-rings after 3 years in function in one and two-piece implant-supported overdentures. The o-rings were retrieved from one-piece (Myriad snap, Equinox-Straumann, 3.3 x 13mm) and two-piece (Neo Biotech, 3.3 x 13mm) implant-supported overdenture patients. A total of 16 pairs of matrices were tested for wear, type of damage and elasticity using Pin on Disc method, USB Digital Camera in 30x zoom and Universal Tensile Machine respectively. The statistical analysis for independent groups were done with the Mann-Whitney U test. Assessment of used O-rings showed 84% more wear in the two-piece system with an abrasive type of damage while 46% wear in the one-piece system with a compressive type of damage. The o-rings in one-piece system showed increase in elongation and maximum displacement to 2% and 7% respectively, while two-piece system showed decrease in elongation and maximum displacement by 13% and 6% respectively. In one-piece system, the loss of retention was more with slow wear rate and in two-piece system, the wear resistance of O-rings decreased due to increased stiffness. Further studies to evaluate the changes in O-ring with increased sample size and at interval 1 year will pave way for insight into the progressive changes in the mechanical properties of an O-ring.

scholarly journals A Proposed Method to Assess the Mechanical Properties of Treadmill Surfaces

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2724
Author(s):  
Enrique Colino ◽  
Jorge Garcia-Unanue ◽  
Bas Van Hooren ◽  
Leonor Gallardo ◽  
Kenneth Meijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Sensitive Test ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Support Area ◽  
The One

The aim of this study was to define a reliable and sensitive test method for assessing Shock Absorption (SA), Vertical Deformation (VD), and Energy Restitution (ER) in treadmill surfaces. A total of 42 treadmills belonging to four different models were included in the study: (a) Technogym Jog700 Excite (n = 10), (b) Technogym Artis Run (n = 12), (c) LifeFitness Integrity Series 97T (n = 11), and (d) LifeFitness Integrity Series DX (n = 9). An advanced artificial athlete (AAA) device was used to assess SA, VD, and ER at three different locations along the longitudinal axis of each treadmill and in the support area of the athletes’ feet. For each location, our results show that the error assumed when performing one impact with the AAA instead of three (SA ≤ |0.1|%, VD ≤ |0.0| mm, and ER ≤ |0.2|%) is lower than the smallest changes that can be detected by the measuring device (SA = 0.4%, VD = 0.2 mm, and ER = 0.9%). Also, our results show the ability of the test method to detect meaningful differences between locations once the one-impact criterium is adopted, since absolute minimum differences between zones (SA: |0.6|%, VD: |0.3| mm, and ER: |1.2|%) were above the uncertainty of the measuring device. Therefore, performing a single impact with the AAA in each of the three locations described in this study can be considered a representative and reliable method for assessing SA, VD, and ER in treadmill surfaces.

Investigations of wear resistance of composite coatings (cobalt alloy-WC) produced by the LENS method

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Joanna Klimek ◽  
Julita Dworecka-Wójcik ◽  
Tomasz Durejko ◽  
Dariusz Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Cobalt Alloy ◽  
Laser Engineered Net Shaping ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Net Shaping ◽  
Ball On Disc

Metallic coatings strengthened by the reinforcing phase are among the widely used wear-resistant materials. The work attempted to produce composite coatings in the metallic matrix system (cobalt alloy) – reinforcing phase (tungsten carbide) fabricated by the Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) technique. The obtained coatings were assessed by metallurgical quality (microscopic observations), microhardness test in coating-substrate transition zone and tests of abrasive wear resistance under dry friction conditions. For this purpose, two different test methods were used: the ball-on-disc method and the rubber wheel abrasion test method. For each method, the same test parameters were used, such as force and number of disc/ roller rotations. The conducted tests showed that the weight loss of the coatings subjected to wear resistance tests in loose abrasive was much greater compared to the ball-on-disc method.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ADDING BORON CARBIDE (B4C) TO POLYMER FOR PRODUCING SURFACE COMPOSITE BY FRICTION STIR PROCESSING

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-445
Author(s):  
Bashaer A Habeeb ◽  
Ahmed O Al-Roubaiy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Friction Stir

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a new solid state technique, it is employed for theimprovement of the mechanical properties of a material and the production of surface layercomposites instead of conventional processing technologies. This research aims to study theability of applying Friction Stir Processing (FSP) to modify the surface of high densitypolyethylene (HDPE) reinforcing by B4C with a particle size of 0.4?m, Groove in themiddle of HDPE surface made to fill by B4C. Varity in the groove depth (0.6, 1.2 and1.8)mm used according to B4C ratio on HDPE substrate particles. Friction stir process wascarried out, using tool with cylindrical shape of pin and shoe tool to produce surface layercomposite. The effect of processing parameters including rotational and transverse speeds onthe mechanical properties of composite layer was studied. Wear test results show apronounced improvement in wear resistance of HDPE surface through reinforcementadditions of B4C at a ratio (5%, 10% and 15% ), where wear rate improved by (60%, 71%and 63%) respectively, as compared with as received HDPE, the surface compositeHDPE/B4C have good wear resistance. Hardness test results indicate that the hardness ofcomposite layer reinforced with (5%,10% and 15%) particles improved by( 26%, 35% and28% )respectively as compared with received HDPE. OM revealed that high tool rotationalspeed resulted in homogeneous distribution of B4C particles and vice versa.

Wear and Mechanical Properties of Fe-28Al and Fe-28Al-10Ti Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Jin Shan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Worn Surface

Fe-28Al and Fe-28Al-10Ti alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and hot pressed sintering. The mechanical properties and wear resistance were studied. The results show that Fe-28Al bulk material is mainly characterized by the low ordered B2 Fe3Al structure with some dispersed Al2O3 particles. The mechanical properties such as the hardness and strength of Fe-28Al-10Ti are significantly improved compared with Fe-28Al, which is attributed to the grain refinement and solid solution reinforcing with the addition of Ti element. The fracture mode is mainly the intergranular fracture. Fe-28Al-10Ti exhibits more excellent wear resistance than Fe-28Al, especially after long distance sliding wear test. There is difference in wear mechanisms of Fe-28Al and Fe-28Al-10Ti alloys. Under the load of 100N, there is obvious plastic deformation on the worn surface of Fe-28Al. Micro-crack and layer splitting occur on the surface of Fe-28Al. The main wear performance of Fe-28Al-10Ti is particle abrasion, the characteristics of which are micro cutting and micro furrows.

scholarly journals Literature Survey of Gaseous Hydrogen Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Lam ◽  
R. L. Sindelar ◽  
A. J. Duncan ◽  
T. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Alloy Steels

A compendium of mechanical properties of carbon and low alloy steels following hydrogen exposure has been assembled from literature sources. The property sets include yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, reduction in area, threshold stress intensity factor, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth. These properties are from literature sources under a variety of test methods and conditions. The collection of literature data is by no means complete, but the diversity of data and dependency of results on test method are sufficient to warrant a design and implementation of a standardized test program. The program would be needed to enable a defensible demonstration of structural integrity of a pressurized hydrogen system. It is essential that the environmental variables be well-defined (e.g., the applicable hydrogen gas pressure range and the test strain rate) and the specimen preparation be realistically consistent (such as the techniques to charge hydrogen and to maintain the hydrogen concentration in the specimens).

The Influence of Hydrostatic Extrusion on the Properties of an Austenitic Stainless Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Budniak ◽  
Małgorzata Lewandowska ◽  
Wacław Pachla ◽  
Mariusz Kulczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Hydrostatic Extrusion ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Pin On Disc

The paper presents the results of investigations into the mechanical properties and tribological characteristics of 316 LVM processed by hydrostatic extrusion (HE). The mechanical properties were characterized by microhardness measurements and compression tests. The wear properties were investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry and lubricated conditions. The friction coefficient was measured as a function of the time of the wear test. The results indicate that the hydrostatic extrusion process significantly improves the mechanical properties and the wear resistance of 316 LVM stainless steel. The results are discussed in terms of the microstructural changes induced during processing by hydrostatic extrusion.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of TiAlN Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
L. Natrayan ◽  
S. Balaji ◽  
G. Bharathiraja ◽  
S. Kaliappan ◽  
Dhinakaran Veeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Steel Substrates

The mechanical properties of TiAlN deposited on the steel are explained in this study. Thin films are deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on the steel substrates to improve the wear resistance and hardness of the samples. Due to their improved microstructure and nanograins, the nanofilms have improved the mechanical properties of the steel substrate surface. The thin film deposited has improved the wear resistance by 80% and has improved the hardness by 95%. The deposited thin films are tested for hardness by nanoindentation and wear test by the pin-on-disk test. SEM has tested films for their microstructure and adhesion by nanoscratch test.

How are food Geographical Indications evolving? – An analysis of EU GI amendments

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 1876-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiomara Fernanda Quiñones Ruiz ◽  
Hanna Forster ◽  
Marianne Penker ◽  
Giovanni Belletti ◽  
Andrea Marescotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
New Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The One ◽  
Product Specifications

Purpose The protection of Geographical Indications (GIs) supports producers to define common quality standards while highlighting the geographical origin of food products with specific qualities. Adaptations of quality standards are driven by international competition, new production technologies or environmental change. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the modifications affecting European Union (EU) Protected Designation of Origin-Protected Geographical Indication. It specifically compares the share of amendments in diverse product class, years and countries, illustrates specific cases and identifies the factors explaining the probability to amend product specifications. Design/methodology/approach Official documents of the DOOR Database provide the material for an analysis of changes in product specifications. They also supply the data for four illustrative cheese cases and a logistic regression of all EU amendments. Findings Amendments of GI product specifications are very frequent: 17 per cent of all 1,276 EU GIs had at least one amendment. This happens in particular for processed products (42 per cent more often than for unprocessed ones) and specific countries (GIs in Italy are six times, Spain five times and France four times more likely to have an amendment compared to GIs from other EU countries). As illustrated by contrasting cheese amendments, the diverse modifications in the product specifications range from more flexibility and innovation on the one hand to stricter rules for strengthening the product’s identity on the other hand. Originality/value For EU and national authorities, GI producers and scholars, this first systematic EU-wide analysis of amendments demonstrates that protected food GIs have to be conceptualised as evolving institutions and not as statically protected food production systems.

scholarly journals Literature Survey of Gaseous Hydrogen Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Lam ◽  
R. L. Sindelar ◽  
T. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Alloy Steels

Literature survey has been performed for a compendium of mechanical properties of carbon and low alloy steels following hydrogen exposure. The property sets include yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, reduction of area, threshold stress intensity factor, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth. These properties are drawn from literature sources under a variety of test methods and conditions. However, the collection of literature data is by no means complete, but the diversity of data and dependency of results in test method is sufficient to warrant a design and implementation of a thorough test program. The program would be needed to enable a defensible demonstration of structural integrity of a pressurized hydrogen system. It is essential that the environmental variables be well-defined (e.g., the applicable hydrogen gas pressure range and the test strain rate) and the specimen preparation be realistically consistent (such as the techniques to charge hydrogen and to maintain the hydrogen concentration in the specimens).

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