scholarly journals Microwave sintering of nano size powder β-TCP bioceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mirhadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Nano Size

A nano sized beta tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) powder was conventional sintered (CS) and microwave sintered (MW), in order to obtain dense ?-TCP ceramics. In this work the effect of microwave sintering conditions on the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of materials based on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was investigated by SEM (scanning electron microscopy)and XRD(X-ray diffraction) and then compared with conventional sintered samples. Nano-size ?-TCP powders with average grain size of 80 nm were prepared by the wet chemical precipitation method with calcium nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as calcium and phosphorus precursors, respectively. The precipitation process employed was also found to be suitable for the production of submicrometre ?-TCP powder in situ. The ?-TCP samples microwave (MW) sintered for 15 min at 1100?C, with average grain size of 3?m, showed better densification, higher density and certainly higher hardness than samples conventionally sintered for 2 h at the same temperature. By comparing sintered and MW sintered ?-TCP samples, it was concluded that MW sintered ?-TCP samples have superior mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Densification and Mechanical Behavior of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Mehdikhani ◽  
Gholam Hossein Borhani
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Nano Size

Nano-size β-tricalcium phosphate powders with average grain size of 80 nm were prepared by the wet chemical precipitation method with calcium nitrate and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate as calcium and phosphorus precursors, respectively. The precipitation process employed was also found to be suitable for the production of sub-micrometre β-TCP powder in situ. The sinterability of the nano-size powders, and the microstructure, mechanical strength of the prepared β-TCP bioceramics were investigated. Bioceramic sample characterization was achieved by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and density measurements. Powders compacted and sintered at 800, 900, 1000 and 1100 °C showed an increase in relative density from 70 % to 93 %. The results revealed that the maximum hardness of 240 H was obtained for β-TCP sintered at 1100 °C.

scholarly journals Synthesis of nano-sized β-tricalcium phosphate via wet precipitation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Mirhadi ◽  
Behzad Mehdikhani ◽  
Nayereh Askari
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Nano Size

Nano-size ?-tricalcium phosphate powders with average grain size of 50 nm were prepared by the wet chemical precipitation method with calcium nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as calcium and phosphorus precursors, respectively. The pH of the system was maintained at 8 and 10.8 by adding of sodium hydroxide. Filtered cake was dried at 80?C and calcined at 700?C. The dried and calcined powders were characterized using X-ray diffractrometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Densification and Hardness Behaviour of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Powders

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Mehdikhani ◽  
Bahman Mirhadi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen ◽  
Sample Characterization

In this study, dense, fine-grained biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics were designed via sintering method. nanosize hydroxyapatite / β-tricalcium (HA/β-TCP) phosphate powders with average grain size of 80 nm were prepared by the wet chemical precipitation method with calcium nitrate and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate as calcium and phosphorus precursors, respectively. The precipitation process employed was also found to be suitable for the production of sub-micrometre HA/β-TCP powder in situ. The sinterability of the nanosize powders, and the microstructure, mechanical strength of the prepared HA/β-TCP bioceramics were investigated. Bioceramic sample characterization was achieved by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and density measurements. Powders compacted and sintered at 800, 900, 1000 and 1100°C showed an increase in relative density from 57% to 93%. The results revealed that the maximum hardness of 229 HVwas obtained for HA/β-TCP sintered at 1100°C.

Synthesis of Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate by Wet Reaction and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1164-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Beatriz Thürmer ◽  
Rafaela Silveira Vieira ◽  
Juliana Machado Fernandes ◽  
Wilbur Trajano Guerin Coelho ◽  
Luis Alberto Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Calcium phosphate cements have bioactivity and osteoconductivity and can be molded and replace portions of bone tissue. The aim of this work was to study the obtainment of α-tricalcium phosphate, the main phase of calcium phosphate cement, by wet reaction from calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid. There are no reports about α-tricalcium phosphate obtained by this method. Two routes of chemical precipitation were evaluated and the use of two calcinations temperatures to obtain the phase of cement. The influence of calcination temperature on the mechanical properties of cement was evaluated. Cement samples were characterized by particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, mechanical strength and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate the strong influence of synthesis route on the crystalline phases of cement and the influence of concentration of reactants on the product of the reaction, as well as, on the mechanical properties of cement.

Effect of Grain Size on Vickers Microhardness and Fracture Toughness in Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tolouei ◽  
Singh Ramesh ◽  
Chou Yong Tan ◽  
Mahdi Amiriyan ◽  
Wan Dung Teng
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Indentation Fracture ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Indentation Fracture Toughness ◽  
Higher Temperature

Grain size dependences of Vickers microhardness and indentation fracture toughness in fully dense hydroxyapatite bioceramics without additives were studied. The nanostructure and highly pure Hydroxyapatite powders produced by wet chemical precipitation method were used as starting material. After uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing, the green HA samples sintered at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1300 °C with one minute holding time. Dense compacts with grain sizes in the nanometer to micrometer range were processed. The average grain size of HA compact sintered at 1000 °C was around 500 nm. Grain size increased to 3 µm when the compacts were sintered at a higher temperature. The average microhardness value of sintered HA decreased with an increased in grain size. Indentation fracture toughness for HA compacts of 700 nm grain size was 1.41±0.4 MPa.m1/2 which is similar to fracture toughness of human cortical bone.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Properties of Ultrafine Cemented Carbides Prepared by Microwave Sintering of Nanocomposites

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Yanju Qian ◽  
Zhiwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Grain Size

Ultrafine cemented carbides were prepared by microwave sintering, using WC-V8C7-Cr3C2-Co nanocomposites as a raw material. The effects of sintering temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cemented carbides were studied. The results show that the ultrafine cemented carbides prepared at 1300 °C for 60 min have good mechanical properties and a good microstructure. The relative density, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of the specimen reach the maximum values of 99.79%, 1842 kg/mm2 and 12.6 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Tungsten carbide (WC) grains are fine and uniformly distributed, with an average grain size of 300–500 nm. The combination of nanocomposites, secondary pressing, and microwave sintering can significantly reduce the sintering temperature and inhibit the growth of WC grains, thus producing superfine cemented carbides with good microstructure and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Ag+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ doped hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bioceramics: Influence of doping and sintering technique on mechanical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeljko Radovanovic ◽  
Ðordje Veljovic ◽  
Lidija Radovanovic ◽  
Ilmars Zalite ◽  
Eriks Palcevskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Scanning Electron

Green hydroxyapatite ceramics were obtained by cold uniaxial and isostatic pressing of hydrothermally synthesized powders, pure hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite doped with Ag+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. The ceramics were conventionally and microwave sintered and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effect of doping on the mechanical properties of the obtained hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate ceramics was examined by comparing their average grain size, porosity and values of the hardness and fracture toughness. The results showed that doping with Cu2+ ions caused the lowest porosity of the ceramics and the highest values of hardness and fracture toughness. The ceramics obtained from hydroxyapatite doped with Ag+ and Zn2+ ions exhibited worse mechanical properties due to the higher porosity even in the case of microwave sintering, which provide denser ceramics than conventional sintering.

Dependence of the Fracture Toughness on the Sintering Time of Dense Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranna Tolouei ◽  
Singh Ramesh ◽  
Iis Sopyan ◽  
Chou Yong Tan ◽  
Mahdi Amiriyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Wet Chemical Precipitation

Fracture toughness dependence of sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics on the sintering time was studied. The nanocrystalline and highly pure Hydroxyapatite powders produced by wet chemical precipitation method were used as starting material. After uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing, the green HA samples sintered at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1300 °C with different sintering time. Dense compacts with grain sizes in the nanometer to micrometer range were processed. The average grain size of HA compact sintered at 1000 °C was around 500 nm. Grain size increased to 3 µm when the compacts were sintered at higher temperature. The average microhardness value of sintered HA decreased with an increased in grain size. Indentation fracture toughness for HA compacts of 700 nm grain size was 1.41±0.4 MPa.m1/2 which is similar to fracture toughness of human cortical bone.

Surface Modification and its Influence on the Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Nickel Based Superalloy René 77 / Modyfikacja Powierzchniowa Oraz Jej Wpływ Na Mikrostrukture I Wytrzymałosc Na Pełzanie Odlewów Z Nadstopu Niklu Ren´E 77

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zielinska ◽  
J. Sieniawski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Cobalt Aluminate ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Average Grain Size

Superalloy René 77 is very wide used for turbine blades, turbine disks of aircraft engines which work up to 1050°C. These elements are generally produced by the investment casting method. Turbine blades produced by conventional precision casting methods have coarse and inhomogeneous grain structure. Such a material often does not fulfil basic requirements, which concern mechanical properties for the stuff used in aeronautical engineering. The incorporation of controlled grain size improved mechanical properties. This control of grain size in the casting operation was accomplished by the control of processing parameters such as casting temperature, mould preheating temperature, and the use of grain nucleates in the face of the mould. For nickel and cobalt based superalloys, it was found that cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) has the best nucleating effect. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the inoculant’s content (cobalt aluminate) in the surface layer of the ceramic mould on the microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperature of nickel based superalloy René 77. For this purpose, the ceramic moulds were made with different concentration of cobalt aluminate in the primary slurry was from 0 to 10% mass. in zirconium flour. Stepped and cylindrical samples were casted for microstructure and mechanical examinations. The average grain size of the matrix ( phase), was determined on the stepped samples. The influence of surface modification on the grain size of up to section thickness was considered. The microstructure investigations with the use of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enable to examine the influence of the surface modification on the morphology of ’ phase and carbides precipitations. Verification of the influence of CoAl2O4 on the mechanical properties of castings were investigated on the basis of results obtained form creep tests.

scholarly journals Development of Al–Mg–Si alloy performance by addition of grain refiner Al–5Ti–1B alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110294
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Emad M Ahmed ◽  
Abdulaziz H Alghtani ◽  
Bassem F Felemban ◽  
Hafiz T Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Grain Refiner ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Alloy Addition

Aluminum alloys are the most essential part of all shaped castings manufactured, mainly in the automotive, food industry, and structural applications. There is little consensus as to the precise relationship between grain size after grain refinement and corrosion resistance; conflicting conclusions have been published showing that reduced grain size can decrease or increase corrosion resistance. The effect of Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner (GR alloy) with different percentages on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy (Al–Mg–Si) was studied. The average grain size is determined according to the E112ASTM standard. The compressive test specimens were made as per ASTM: E8/E8M-16 standard to get their compressive properties. The bulk hardness using Vickers hardness testing machine at a load of 50 g. Electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out in 3.5 % NaCl solution using Autolab Potentiostat/Galvanostat (PGSTAT 30).The grain size of the Al–Mg–Si alloy was reduced from 82 to 46 µm by the addition of GR alloy. The morphology of α-Al dendrites changes from coarse dendritic structure to fine equiaxed grains due to the addition of GR alloy and segregation of Ti, which controls the growth of primary α-Al. In addition, the mechanical properties of the Al–Mg–Si alloy were improved by GR alloy addition. GR alloy addition to Al–Mg–Si alloy produced fine-grained structure and better hardness and compressive strength. The addition of GR alloy did not reveal any marked improvements in the corrosion properties of Al–Mg–Si alloy.

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