scholarly journals The role of cultural and structural factors in the explanation of marginal social position in the USA: Scopes and dilemmas

Sociologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-416
Author(s):  
Stefan Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Cultural Grounding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

The paper gives a historical account of the genesis of marginal social position explanations in the USA, with special emphasis on the characteristics, related to the generating of cultural factors in explanation. In this light, the two fundamental and interrelated concepts are being indentified - the culture of poverty and the underclass, whose conceptual genesis, in a causal manner, varies between structural and cultural grounding. Due the translation of perceived minority behavioural patterns into the dimensions used for defining the marginal social position, conceptual validity of the underclass has been heavily disputed. At the same time, dilemmas created by the implementation of cultural factors constructed in that way open up broader issues of the relationship between culture and structure, lines of determination and the possibility of a consistent explanation of marginal social position.

The American Ghetto, Gangster, and Respect on the Streets of Copenhagen: Media(tion)s between Structure and Street Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124162110569
Author(s):  
Hakan Kalkan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Street Culture ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

“Street culture” is often considered a response to structural factors. However, the relationship between culture and structure has rarely been empirically analyzed. This article analyzes the role of three media representations of American street culture and gangsters—two films and the music of a rap artist—in the street culture of a disadvantaged part of Copenhagen. Based on years of ethnographic fieldwork, this article demonstrates that these media representations are highly valuable to and influential among young men because of their perceived similarity between their intersectional structural positions and those represented in the media. Thus, the article illuminates the interaction between structural and cultural factors in street culture. It further offers a local explanation of the scarcely studied phenomenon of the influence of mass media on street culture, and a novel, media-based, local explanation of global similarities in different street cultures.

A Conceptual Framework of the Relationship between Institutional Framing and Innovativeness

2015 ◽  
pp. 100-122
Author(s):  
Anna Szopa ◽  
Justyna Bandola
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Institutional Network ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter's objective is to analyze the institutional networks of the spin-off companies. To meet this objective cases of three universities are being evaluated and compared. The comparison of cases from the USA, Denmark and South Korea suggests that the institutional network has a significant impact on the development of the spin-off company. The role of different agents (for example universities) change with time during different stages of the development of the spin-off. The study suggests that there are certain similarities between different institutional networks, including the dependence on context, importance of intermediaries and similar roles of the institutions within the networks.

Firm Size, Innovation, and Market Share Instability: the Role of Negative Feedback and Idiosyncratic Events

2000 ◽  
Vol 03 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 417-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Mazzucato
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Technological Opportunity ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
The Relationship

An evolutionary model is built which uses structural and random factors to account for the emergence of market share instability and industry concentration. The structural factors are studied through the relationship between firm size and innovation (dynamic returns to scale) while the random factors are studied through the effect of shocks on this feedback relationship. We find that market share instability is the highest under the negative feedback regime, when the industry specific level of technological opportunity is intermediate, and when shocks are neither very large nor very small.

scholarly journals Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts’ Functional Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Awaji ◽  
Rakesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Myofibroblast Phenotype ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Desmoplasia and inflammation are two major hallmarks of PDAC. Desmoplasia, composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and infiltrating immune and endothelial cells, acts as a biophysical barrier to hinder chemotherapy and actively contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. CAFs represent a multifunctional subset of PDAC microenvironment and contribute to tumor initiation and progression through ECM deposition and remodeling, as well as the secretion of paracrine factors. Attempts to resolve desmoplasia by targeting CAFs can render an adverse outcome, which is likely due to CAFs heterogeneity. Recent reports describe subsets of CAFs that assume more secretory functions, in addition to the typical myofibroblast phenotype. Here, we review the literature and describe the relationship between CAFs and inflammation and the role of the secretory-CAFs in PDAC.

Interdisciplinary organization as a basic academic unit?

2020 ◽  
pp. 095042222095695
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Ekaterina Albats ◽  
Henry Etzkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Departmental Chairs ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
University Industry

Academic interdisciplinarity has become a powerful means of addressing challenges facing contemporary society as well as offering opportunities to advance knowledge. To better understand the role of university interdisciplinary organizations (IDOs), the authors studied 18 IDOs at Stanford University in the USA. They propose that IDOs not only enhance researchers’ interdisciplinary collaboration but, counterintuitively, also serve departmental and disciplinary interests. While IDOs are traditionally believed to threaten traditional disciplinary departments, the authors find a “more the more” dynamic in which, by bringing shared university resources and faculty to bear on new themes, significant new resources are generated to the benefit of both actors. Traditionally, the relationship between departments and IDOs has been seen as a zero-sum game with winners and losers. This research suggests, to the contrary, a win–win dynamic in which the two formats are mediated by the research group. Some faculty members are alternately departmental chairs and IDO organizers as well as start-up founders, industrial consultants and holders of high governmental advisory positions during their careers, integrating Triple Helix university–industry–government interactions with IDOs and IDOs with departments. The authors examine how these two entities coexist and benefit one another in a cooperative academic ecosystem and consider the implications for the future of the university.

THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN RESOLVING THE FIRST NORTH KOREAN NUCLEAR CRISIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Radmila S. Ayriyan ◽  
Anastasia A. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Nuclear Problem ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nuclear Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between the United States and the DPRK during the first North Korean nuclear crisis. It discusses the events leading up to the crisis and the behavior of both sides and international organizations before and during the crisis. The article draws up the role of South Korea during the escalation of the crisis, as well as influence of other countries interested in resolving the crisis. It analyzes the U.S.-North Korea relationship and the impact of the UN and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on the international situation at that time. In this aspect, the study of the Korean nuclear program and the role of the United States has not previously been carried out in Russian historiography. The discussion leads to the design and stages of the KEDO creation with attention to the documents on this international consortium. The situation demonstrates different visions on the USA foreign policy strategy chosen in relation to the DPRK nuclear problem in 1990s, namely the opinion of the United States diplomats working on relations with the DPRK, and American researchers in humanities and technology. The paper concludes with the reasons of the Framework Agreements’ failure that led to the crises.

LEAD AND ZINC DEPOSIT FORMATION CONDITIONS WITHIN ANGARA-BOLSHEPITSK MINERAGENIC ZONE, YENISEI RIDGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
M. N. Zaitseva ◽  
V. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
V. D. Konkin ◽  
T. V. Seravina ◽  
A. V. Inyakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
Yenisei Ridge ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The paper shows the main characteristics for geological and associated ore formations in the Tungusik formation complex. Ore formation deposit types and ore field types in the region are identified and described. Based on the identified lithofacies, the paleoenvironment of stratiform ore associations formation is characterized. The role of metamorphism and structural factors affecting prospecting conditions are shown. The relationship between the mineral type of ores and organic carbon content in ore-bearing strata for various geological and economic types has been revealed. The obtained and generalized data are of practical interest in designing forecasting/prospecting deposit models and improving prospecting efficiency.

Living in a tinderbox: wildfire risk perceptions and mitigating behaviours

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Champ ◽  
Geoffrey H. Donovan ◽  
Christopher M. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
The Usa ◽  
In Fire ◽  
The Relationship

The loss of homes to wildfires is an important issue in the USA and other countries. Yet many homeowners living in fire-prone areas do not undertake mitigating actions, such as clearing vegetation, to decrease the risk of losing their home. To better understand the complexity of wildfire risk-mitigation decisions and the role of perceived risk, we conducted a survey of homeowners in a fire-prone area of the front range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. We examine the relationship between perceived wildfire risk ratings and risk-mitigating behaviours in two ways. First, we model wildfire risk-mitigation behaviours as a function of perceived risk. Then, we model wildfire risk-mitigation behaviours and perceived risk simultaneously. The results of the simultaneous model suggest that perceived risk and wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours are jointly determined. By correctly specifying the relationship between risk perceptions and mitigating behaviours, we are better able to understand the relationship between other factors, such as exposure to a wildfire-mitigation program and wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours. We also find that having a wood roof, as well as homeowner age, income and previous experience with living in a fire-prone area, are associated with wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours.

La dimension régionale du vote économique canadien aux élections fédérales de 1988 à 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Godbout ◽  
Éric Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Electoral Behaviour ◽  
The One ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Recent works on economic voting have shown that the economy's impact on electoral behaviour could sometimes be mediated by differences in political conditions. This article specifies and tests the mediating role of one such factor, namely regionalism, on economic voting in Canada. The potential effect of two structural factors is tested: the regional configuration of the federal party system (clarity of available alternatives), and the regional structure of the economy. The data used come from the last four Canadian Election Studies (1988 to 2000). The results show that economic voting slightly differs among regions according to the presence or not of strong regional political parties, Quebec being the region where the relationship between the economy and the vote is the weakest. Even more significant differences in economic voting behaviour can be observed between ''have'' and ''have not'' regions, the shape of economic voting in the Atlantic provinces being distinct from the one in Ontario and the West.

Citizenship, fear and support for the criminalization of immigration

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gia Barboza ◽  
Silvia Dominguez ◽  
Laura Siller ◽  
Miguel Montalva
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Representative Random Sample ◽  
Previous Contact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between Mexicans’ support for the criminalization of immigration and level of police contact, fear of deportation and the perceived personal impact of immigration enforcement. Design/methodology/approach This analysis uses data from the 2008 National Survey of Latinos, a representative random sample of 1,153 self-identified Latino/as residing in the USA. The authors sought to identify the prevalence of Latino support for local police actively identifying undocumented immigrants and to examine the relationship between acculturation, confidence in the police and/or fear that immigrants increase neighborhood crime and support for the criminalization of immigration. The authors use logistic regression analysis and post-estimation techniques to explore the relationship between support for the criminalization of immigration and acculturation, discrimination, perceptions of crime and confidence in the police. Findings The authors found that Latino policy attitudes are not monolithic but differ by nativity and citizenship status and vary according to their level of confidence in fair and proper police enforcement of the law. Within levels of confidence, the authors found that the perception that immigrants increase local crime rates was a significant predictor of policy attitudes. Contrary to the authors’ expectations, neither previous contact with the criminal justice system nor being stopped and asked about immigration status predicted support for criminalizing immigration. Nor did level of support vary according to proficiency in English and perceptions of discriminatory treatment. Practical implications This study has implications for understanding how citizenship statuses influence public opinion on issues that are presumed to be reflective of a unified political voice. Social implications This study has implications for understanding the role of social stigma and political socialization and their relationship to Mexican citizens and non-citizens policy preferences. Originality/value No study to date has explored associations between Latinos’ policy attitudes on the criminalization of immigration and acculturation, fear of crime and confidence in the police.

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