Living in a tinderbox: wildfire risk perceptions and mitigating behaviours

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Champ ◽  
Geoffrey H. Donovan ◽  
Christopher M. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
The Usa ◽  
In Fire ◽  
The Relationship

The loss of homes to wildfires is an important issue in the USA and other countries. Yet many homeowners living in fire-prone areas do not undertake mitigating actions, such as clearing vegetation, to decrease the risk of losing their home. To better understand the complexity of wildfire risk-mitigation decisions and the role of perceived risk, we conducted a survey of homeowners in a fire-prone area of the front range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. We examine the relationship between perceived wildfire risk ratings and risk-mitigating behaviours in two ways. First, we model wildfire risk-mitigation behaviours as a function of perceived risk. Then, we model wildfire risk-mitigation behaviours and perceived risk simultaneously. The results of the simultaneous model suggest that perceived risk and wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours are jointly determined. By correctly specifying the relationship between risk perceptions and mitigating behaviours, we are better able to understand the relationship between other factors, such as exposure to a wildfire-mitigation program and wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours. We also find that having a wood roof, as well as homeowner age, income and previous experience with living in a fire-prone area, are associated with wildfire risk-mitigating behaviours.

scholarly journals Interactions between Resident Risk Perceptions and Wildfire Risk Mitigation: Evidence from Simultaneous Equations Modeling

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
James R. Meldrum ◽  
Hannah Brenkert-Smith ◽  
Patricia Champ ◽  
Jamie Gomez ◽  
Lilia Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Publicly Supported ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Simultaneous Model

Fire science emphasizes that mitigation actions on residential property, including structural hardening and maintaining defensible space, can reduce the risk of wildfire at a home. Accordingly, a rich body of social science literature investigates the determinants of wildfire risk mitigation behaviors of residents living in fire-prone areas. Here, we investigate relationships among wildfire hazards, residents’ risk perceptions, and conditions associated with mitigation actions using a combination of simulated wildfire conditions, household survey responses, and professionally assessed parcel characteristic data. We estimate a simultaneous model of these data that accounts for potential direct feedbacks between risk perceptions and parcel-level conditions. We also compare the use of self-reported versus assessed parcel-level data for estimating these relationships. Our analysis relies on paired survey and assessment data for approximately 2000 homes in western Colorado. Our simultaneous model demonstrates dual-directional interactions between risk perceptions and conditions associated with mitigation actions, with important implications for inference from simpler approaches. In addition to improving general understanding of decision-making about risk and natural hazards, our findings can support the effectiveness of publicly supported programs intended to encourage mitigation to reduce society’s overall wildfire risk.

Does perceived risk really matter in travel behaviour?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Caber ◽  
M Rosario González-Rodríguez ◽  
Tahir Albayrak ◽  
Biagio Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Travel Motivations ◽  
Tourist Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

In spite of its importance in understanding tourist behaviour, the scientific knowledge about risk perceptions about a destination has begun to expand especially after 1960s. Especially, far more research is yet needed for exploring the role of risk on potential tourists’ travel motivations, destination image perceptions and visit intentions. This study, therefore, attempts to clarify the moderated impact of risk perception in the relationship among travel motivations, destination image and travel intentions. With this purpose, two survey studies were conducted on German tourists visiting Turkey, whereas the participants evaluated their perceptions about Spain or Greece. The results in both cases showed a high direct influence of travel motivations on destination image perception and a significant direct impact of destination image perception on travel intention. The findings also revealed that risk perception has a negative moderated effect on travel motivations, destination image and travel intention relationships.

scholarly journals The role of cultural and structural factors in the explanation of marginal social position in the USA: Scopes and dilemmas

Sociologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-416
Author(s):  
Stefan Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Cultural Grounding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

The paper gives a historical account of the genesis of marginal social position explanations in the USA, with special emphasis on the characteristics, related to the generating of cultural factors in explanation. In this light, the two fundamental and interrelated concepts are being indentified - the culture of poverty and the underclass, whose conceptual genesis, in a causal manner, varies between structural and cultural grounding. Due the translation of perceived minority behavioural patterns into the dimensions used for defining the marginal social position, conceptual validity of the underclass has been heavily disputed. At the same time, dilemmas created by the implementation of cultural factors constructed in that way open up broader issues of the relationship between culture and structure, lines of determination and the possibility of a consistent explanation of marginal social position.

Through the looking glass: perceiving risk and emotions toward cosmetic procedure engagement

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Sood ◽  
Vanessa Ann Quintal ◽  
Ian Phau
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cosmetic Procedure ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sophisticated User ◽  
Looking Glass

Purpose This research aims to develop a user risk segmentation typology and implement a method that traces how user emotions adapt before, after and toward a next cosmetic procedure. It introduces the user risk segments to an empirical framework to explain re-engagement with the procedure. Design/methodology/approach A survey was self-administered to online consumer panels in the USA. The survey targeted users who had previously undertaken one of three elective procedures, namely, Botox (N = 550), hair transplant (N = 350) or liposuction (N = 350). Findings The typology identified timid image seekers, daring image crafters, approval-seeking socialites and mainstream image adopters. The method tracking user emotions found significant differences before, after and toward a next cosmetic procedure in the user risk segments. The framework predicted user re-engagement with the procedure for each segment. Research limitations/implications The typology presents more sophisticated user risk profiles. The method maps adapting user emotions toward engagement pre- and post-procedure. However, findings are limited to the USA and three cosmetic procedures. Practical implications The typology offers a profile of users and their risk perceptions of a behavior. The method presents an instrument that follows how user emotions adapt. The framework advances understanding of user re-engagement with the behavior. Originality/value Arguably, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to explore how perceived risk operates on emotional states and adaptation, which manifest user well-being and impact user behavior.

A Conceptual Framework of the Relationship between Institutional Framing and Innovativeness

2015 ◽  
pp. 100-122
Author(s):  
Anna Szopa ◽  
Justyna Bandola
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Institutional Network ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter's objective is to analyze the institutional networks of the spin-off companies. To meet this objective cases of three universities are being evaluated and compared. The comparison of cases from the USA, Denmark and South Korea suggests that the institutional network has a significant impact on the development of the spin-off company. The role of different agents (for example universities) change with time during different stages of the development of the spin-off. The study suggests that there are certain similarities between different institutional networks, including the dependence on context, importance of intermediaries and similar roles of the institutions within the networks.

How autonomy makes an experience pleasurable: The roles of risk perception and personal control

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Renaud Lunardo ◽  
Camille Saintives
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Consumption Experience ◽  
Consumer Autonomy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

This research challenges the notion that autonomy is beneficial for consumers in every situation. Specifically, this research demonstrates across two experiments and one field study that autonomy can lead to pleasure only when risk is low. Importantly, these studies also identify personal control as a mechanism that explains why autonomy makes the consumption experience more or less pleasurable, depending on risk perceptions. In Study 1, we demonstrate that perceived risk moderates the effect that autonomy may have on making the experience pleasurable, with a lack of risk making autonomy increase personal control. Study 2 replicates this moderating effect of risk in a field study. To test if the effects replicate using another type of perceived risk, Study 3 manipulates social risk and replicates its moderating effect on the relationship between autonomy and personal control on the pleasure observed in Studies 1 and 2. Collectively, this research draws attention to the need to consider risk when making consumers autonomous, and it offers novel contributions to the work on consumer autonomy.

scholarly journals What People Really Think About Safety around Horses: The Relationship between Risk Perception, Values and Safety Behaviours

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Meredith Chapman ◽  
Matthew Thomas ◽  
Kirrilly Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Safety First

The equestrian industry reports high rates of serious injuries, illness and fatalities when compared to other high-risk sports and work environments. To address these ongoing safety concerns, a greater understanding of the relationship between human risk perception, values and safety behaviours is required. This paper presents results from an international survey that explored relationships between a respondents’ willingness to take risk during daily activities along with, their perceptions of risk and behaviours during horse-related interactions. Respondents’ comments around risk management principles and safety-first inspirations were also analysed. We examined what humans think about hazardous situations or activities and how they managed risk with suitable controls. Analysis identified three important findings. First, safe behaviours around horses were associated with safety training (formal and/or informal). Second, unsafe behaviours around horses were associated with higher levels of equestrian experience as well as income from horse-related work. Finally, findings revealed a general acceptance of danger and imminent injury during horse interactions. This may explain why some respondents de-emphasised or ‘talked-down’ the importance of safety-first principles. In this paper we predominantly reported quantitative findings of respondents self-reported safety behaviours, general and horse-related risk perceptions despite injury or illness. We discussed the benefits of improved safety-first principles like training, risk assessments, rider-horse match with enriched safety communications to enhance risk-mitigation during human–horse interactions.

Complexity of homeowner wildfire risk mitigation: an integration of hazard theories

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonita L. McFarlane ◽  
Tara K. McGee ◽  
Hilary Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Wildfire Risk

Each year wildfire affects communities in Canada, resulting in evacuations and, in some cases, loss of homes. Several Canadian wildfire management agencies have initiated mitigation programs aimed at reducing wildfire risk. Successful wildfire mitigation involves both community-level and homeowner action. This paper examines factors that influence wildfire mitigation by homeowners. We draw upon the general hazards and wildfire management literature to develop and test a theoretical model for homeowner wildfire mitigation that includes perceived risk, an evaluation of threat significance and the influence of perceived costs and benefits of mitigation. We used a mail survey to collect data from 1265 residents in six interface communities in the province of Alberta. Results showed a high level of completion for most mitigation activities. A structural equation model provided support for the hypothesis that the evaluation of threat involves weighing the negative effects of mitigation on homeowners’ feelings of connectedness to nature and the cost of mitigation with the positive influences of fear, a sense of responsibility and perceived effectiveness of mitigation. Considering the total effects, threat assessment had the greatest effect on mitigation by homeowners, followed by perceived effectiveness of mitigation in reducing damage and not having financial resources for mitigation.

The role of data-reuse experience in biological scientists’ data sharing: an empirical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-208
Author(s):  
Ayoung Yoon ◽  
Youngseek Kim
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how scientists’ prior data-reuse experience affects their data-sharing intention by updating diverse attitudinal, control and normative beliefs about data sharing. Design/methodology/approach This paper used a survey method and the research model was evaluated by applying structural equation modelling to 476 survey responses from biological scientists in the USA. Findings The results show that prior data-reuse experience significantly increases the perceived community and career benefits and subjective norms of data sharing and significantly decreases the perceived risk and effort involved in data sharing. The perceived community benefits and subjective norms of data sharing positively influence scientists’ data-sharing intention, whereas the perceived risk and effort negatively influence scientists’ data-sharing intention. Research limitations/implications Based on the theory of planned behaviour, the research model was developed by connecting scientists’ prior data-reuse experience and data-sharing intention mediated through diverse attitudinal, control and normative perceptions of data sharing. Practical implications This research suggests that to facilitate scientists’ data-sharing behaviours, data reuse needs to be encouraged. Data sharing and reuse are interconnected, so scientists’ data sharing can be better promoted by providing them with data-reuse experience. Originality/value This is one of the initial studies examining the relationship between data-reuse experience and data-sharing behaviour, and it considered the following mediating factors: perceived community benefit, career benefit, career risk, effort and subjective norm of data sharing. This research provides an advanced investigation of data-sharing behaviour in the relationship with data-reuse experience and suggests significant implications for fostering data-sharing behaviour.

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