scholarly journals Trade liberalization in the south east Europe: Effects and controversial issues

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Pjerotic
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Proper Position ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
South East Europe

Included in the regional cooperation of SEE countries, trade liberalization is considered the most important factor of a sustainable economic growth which should contribute to the mutual trade among SEE countries, growth of the foreign direct investments, further production specialization and export structure change. Countries of the region have accepted liberalization as one of the conditions of the Stabilization and Association Process (SAP), hoping, each of them individually, that in that way they would improve proper position. Creating a free trade area will contribute to a further increase of intra-regional trade flows, but it shouldn't be expected that the relative importance of mutual exchange will prevail the importance which EU has for the SEE countries, except Moldova. Paper is divided into five sections. After the introduction, the trade liberalization process in the SEE region is explained in the second part (section 2). The third section analyses actual intra-regional trade flows and SEE countries trade relations with the EU (section 3). Some controversial issues raised in recent debates on trade liberalization in SEE are also discussed (section 4). The main conclusions are given at the end (section 5). .

Trade Blocks and the Gravity Model: Evidence from Western Hemispheric Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-156
Author(s):  
E.M. Ekanayake ◽  
Amit Mukherjee ◽  
Bala Veeramacheneni
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Model Evidence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Trade Blocks

We analyze the major trade blocks in Western Hemisphere and their effects on intra-regional trade flows using data for the period 1980-2006. We use an augmented gravity model to estimate the effect of various trade blocks on trade flows within and across membership other Western Hemispheric countries. The findings of this study are consistent with findings of previous studies on Western Hemisphere trade flows and shed some light on whether the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas is beneficial or not for Western Hemispheric countries.

The BIMSTEC Free Trade Area

2022 ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Mahboob Muhammad Ali ◽  
Anita Medhekar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Trade And Investment

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional cooperation between Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, and Thailand since the liberalization of these economies. Member countries need to be more proactive for integrated regional cooperative hubs to enhance trade and investment opportunities in health and other sectors of the economy to cope with the pandemic and its impact. The aim of this chapter is to show how BIMSTEC, a regional cooperative body, can be a driver for socio-economic development, inter-regional trade, and investment opportunities for BIMSTEC countries and cope with COVID-19 and its impact. The BIMSTEC area is home to approximately 1.6 billion citizens accounting to 22% of the worlds inhabitants with a joint gross domestic product (GDP) of 2.7 trillion. Unemployment situation of ‘new poor' can be tackled through close cooperation among the BIMSTEC nations in an effective manner to achieve ‘pareto optimality' through trade and investment among member countries.

scholarly journals The Potential Of The APEC Grouping To Promote Intra-Regional Trade In The Asia-Pacific Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donny Tang
Keyword(s):  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
High Level

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 19.8pt 0pt 0.25in; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">This study examines whether the proposed APEC free trade area would promote a high level of intra-APEC trade after its completion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>To achieve this goal, a modified gravity model is estimated for the thirteen APEC countries based on annual trade data from 1989 to 1998.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The results indicate that a high level of trade interdependence already exists to help promote the intra-APEC trade flows after its FTA completion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The results also suggest that the APEC countries are more likely to trade with other member countries than with non-member countries</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></span></p>

India’s Trade Experience with SAARC and the Future of SAFTA

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar Pandey ◽  
Annapurna Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wto Agreements

ndia is also committed to ensure that the special and differential treatment provisions for developing countries under different WTO agreements are translated into specific enforceable dispensations. Currently, India has adopted WTO norms in these sectors i.e. Agriculture, Trade and Industry, Intellectual property and services. SAARC is moving towards a Free Trade Area and South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) that is an initial step in the evolution of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation as a regional trade block and an economic union. SAFTA was signed on January 6, 2004, during the Twelfth SAARC Summit in Islamabad. But how favorably it will affect the intra-regional trade it is uncertain as economic trouble for India could be created through the Free Trade Agreements. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to depict India’s foreign trade with SAARC nations considering the structural changes in Indian Economy as well as WTO Arrangements in 1995 and also the future of the SAFTA.

scholarly journals Regional trade and food security challenges: The case of SAARC countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Khalid ◽  
Ashar Sultan Kayani ◽  
Jamal Mohammed Alotaibi ◽  
Muhammad Muddassir ◽  
Bader Alhafi Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Partners

Higher consumption and increased import requirements for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region can be catered through neighboring trade partners if resources are optimally utilized. The purpose of this research is to analyze the connection between regional trade of SAARC countries and the food security challenges faced by the region. The study uses data from 1990–2018 for Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh to econometrically analyze the determinants of the volume of food trade. The results show that the gross domestic product of importing or exporting countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) have positive impact on regional trade. The bilateral exchange rate between trading partners has a negative impact on the trade volume. The results also showed the absence of a long-run relationship between volume of trade and food security using Johansen’s cointegration test. Our analysis suggests that policy makers should focus on the means for creating favorable environment in Pakistan and India to not only meet the increasing global demands for food but also increasing their competitiveness for high-quality and low-quality priced products in major exports markets.

Intra-Regional vs. Extra-Regional Trade Liberalization in Central America

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1880-1892
Author(s):  
Adolfo Cristóbal Campoamor ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Cardenete Flores ◽  
Pedro Caldentey Del Pozo ◽  
Olexandr Nekhay
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Central America ◽  
Regional Trade

Implications of AFTA on Philippine Labor Export

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo M. Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Preferential Tariff ◽  
The Common

After summarizing the major features of the ASEAN labor market and patterns of labor migration in Asia, the article describes the origins and current status of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and its main mechanism, the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme. Projections are offered on the effects on regional trade after AFTA. Though the volume of intra-regional trade may be less significant than in the cases of Europe or North America, AFTA is likely to have a significant effect on promoting a regional division of labor. Although AFTA is limited to the manufacturing sector, in the future the Philippines may find a niche in services requiring “knowledge workers” such as accountants and computer analysts.

scholarly journals Reciprocal Trade Agreements in Asia: Credible Commitment to Trade Liberalization or Paper Tigers?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Hicks ◽  
Soo Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Credible Commitment ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

Reciprocal trade agreements (RTAs) have proliferated rapidly in Asia in recent years, an unprecedented phenomenon in a region in which state-led institution-building efforts were largely unsuccessful during the Cold War years. In this article, we investigate the qualitative provisions of RTAs in Asia, focusing on agreements that are professedly geared toward trade liberalization through reciprocal exchanges of trade concessions. We build on the concept of credible commitment—that states “tie their hands” through international agreements and thus signal strong commitment to trade liberalization. We argue that a broad range of agreement provisions will affect an RTA's ability to achieve its primary objective: trade liberalization. We present a coding scheme that measures the strength of a wide variety of provisions in the legal texts of RTAs. Using quantitative analysis, we analyze the impact of various components of Asia's RTAs on participants' trade flows.

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