scholarly journals Role of surgery in modern treatment of laryngeal carcinoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Rajko Jovic
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
The World ◽  
Conservation Surgery ◽  
The Cost

The strategy of organ preservation by applying chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma, which has been extensively used since 1990s, is now being reviewed regarding its further justification. Despite good results in other localization of head and neck cancer, it has not met the expectations in case of laryngeal cancer. One explanation is the lower participation of human papillomavirus type 16 in the etiology of laryngeal cancer. A lot of developing countries base their concept on primary surgery with subsequent radiotherapy, because the cost of operations for cancer of the larynx is much lower than in developed countries. Endoscopic surgery of T1 cancers is feasible in all environments using cold surgery thanks to modern management of anesthesia with the possibility of local application of adrenaline. Its price is ? 481.46, and if it is performed through laryngofissure, the price is ? 785.46. The introduction of lasers into the treatment would justify the initial investment and extend indications, and the surgery of T1 and T2 cancers with laser application should be the standard practice in all countries and regions dealing with laryngeal pathology. T2 and some T3 cancers can be treated by conservation surgery of the larynx. Most of T3 and T4 cancers are indications for total laryngectomy or near-total laryngectomy in selected cases. If it is the primary surgery, wound healing is good and complications are rare. This greatly reduces the cost of operation, which is ?1910.15. Surgery after radiotherapy, particularly after chemoradiotherapy, may result in complications that significantly prolong the treatment and increase its costs. Thus, the biological nature of laryngeal cancer and its specificity make this approach to the treatment of cancer available in all regions of the world.

The Role of Authentic Believes in Promotion of Tolerance and Prevention from Terrorism.

ĪQĀN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Dr. Mahmood Ahmad ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Mansha Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Basic Beliefs ◽  
Easy Solution

Peace is the key source of all virtues. Unfortunately, since long all the world especially Muslim ummah is facing extremism and terrorism. It is very tragic are mostly those who are having the labels of Islam. One of the many reasons for this is the weakness of beliefs. Today many people have misconceptions about basic beliefs of Islam. Such people are responsible for destroying the peace of society. The best and easy solution to avoid all these riots and setting up peace is to focus on improving their beliefs. Without this the desire to establish peace is nothing more than a dream. In spite of the intention of eliminating the riots with the latest cameras, sensors, radar and all the richest resources available in the world's developed countries. There is not a single woman who travels far away from the remote and is not afraid of anyone except Allah. But the Islam, fourteen centuries ago, showed that a woman travelled alone from ?ir? to Makkah and would not have been afraid of anyone except Allah. It was possible only when the prophet (pbuh) spent his life preaching in Makkah about the purification of beliefs. In history, it is always a tradition that whenever corruption is increased on earth, Allah altered this corruption by the prophets and all the prophets started their mission with correction of beliefs.

Thirty years after water privatization—is the English model the envy of the world?

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Helm
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Water Privatization ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Incentives ◽  
Regulation Model ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The paper considers whether water privatization 30 years ago has delivered the promised superior performance to nationalization, which remains the dominant model in Europe. The paper sets out the arguments at privatization, in particular in relation to efficiency, the managerial incentives, the role of private-sector balance sheets in facilitating investment, and the impacts on the cost of capital. Alternative explanations of relative performance, notably the regulation model adopted, are highlighted, and the paper concludes by outlining an alternative model of water regulation which better marries up public responsibilities and private incentives.

Role of Forensic Nurses in the mortuary and postmortem examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RK. Gorea
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Forensic Nursing ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
The Developed Countries

Forensic nursing science is a developing at a fast pace in the developed countries of the world and the forensic nurses have gained valuable roles in the different departments. Mortuary services are often in a state of neglect in the developing countries especially the postmortem examination. Mainly this is due to lack of assistance to forensic physicians by educated and trained professionals. Forensic nurses can do a variety of roles to improve the functioning of the mortuaries. Role of forensic nurses in the postmortem examination and upkeep of the mortuaries is essential and it is emphasized that forensic nurses can play a very pivotal role in the functioning of the mortuaries.

Sustainable frugality through EIA: role of socio‐ecological linkages in poverty alleviation

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rajaram ◽  
Ashutosh Das
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ecosystem Linkages

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to bring out the shortcomings of the EIA model imported from developed countries when it is assessed for its focus on poverty alleviation in a developing nation (India) and to suggest improvements in the existing framework.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the current performance of EIA process in India, critically analyses the philosophy of continued sidelining of environmental protection in favour of unrestricted economic growth in the light of evidence regarding growing inequality.FindingsThe paper finds that for the proponent driven EIA model to contribute towards poverty alleviation, a new “socio‐ecological linkage document” is needed. This will bring out the fragile linkages that marginalized communities have with their local ecosystems and can be prepared with the help of local ecological knowledge. A framework to integrate the socio‐ecological linkage document into the EIA‐SEA‐SA domain is presented.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that the supportive framework of generating the “socio‐ecological linkage document” has the potential to enhance the EIA‐SEA‐SA process in terms of ensuring that plans, policies, programs and projects are sensitive to the need of ecosystem dependent poor.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a framework to support the alternative thinking that poverty alleviation can be enhanced through preservation of ecosystem linkages, in contrast to the modern paradigm of economic growth at the cost of ecosystem.

scholarly journals The role of economies of scale in the cost of dialysis across the world: a macroeconomic perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nayak Karopadi ◽  
G. Mason ◽  
E. Rettore ◽  
C. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Content and Functional Purpose of the Duty in Modern Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Halyna B. Pohrishchuk ◽  
Ruslan Ye. Voloshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Functional Purpose

The duty as a source of budget formation and a regulator of foreign trade activity contributes to improving the macroeconomic situation and the state's entry into the international trade community. Therefore, the study of the essence and functional purpose of the duty becomes particularly relevant since it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of its functioning in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to consider the tax and foreign trade nature of the duty, establish its essence and specific characteristics, identify the main functions and substantiate changes in the roles of duty functions in modern conditions. The specifics of the scientific tasks that make up the subject of research required the use of a set of special methods (general scientific and private scientific, theoretical and empirical), the use of which helped identifying the content of the duty, consider its functional purpose and establish the reasons for the weakening of the role of duty functions in different countries of the world. In the course of the study, two approaches to the interpretation of the essence of duty were established: as a tax and as a specific foreign trade payment. The author's definition of the duty was proposed and its main essential characteristics were clarified. It has been established that there are no unified approaches to the definition of duty functions in the scientific literature, and only two main ones (fiscal and regulatory) are substantiated. It was also covered that due to the entry of most countries into the World Trade Organisation and the establishment of restrictions on the growth of customs rates, the regulatory function of the duty is weakening. It was established that in developed countries, due to international restrictions on the application of custom rates, the role of the fiscal function of duty has decreased. It was determined that in less developed countries, in conditions of limited budget revenue sources, the fiscal function of duty continues to be the main one. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that clarifying the content and functions of duty in modern conditions makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of customs tariff regulation to protect national interests during the intensification of international integration processes

scholarly journals Some health aspects of the Battle of Stalingrad with elements of philosophical comprehension

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
V P Koshelev ◽  
I G Kornushko ◽  
A V Shpanka ◽  
Yu E Vyazovichenko
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Great Victory

Presents extensive historical material unparalleled feat of the Soviet people for a liquidation of consequences of the most ambitious in its bitterness of the battle of Stalingrad, where the cost of enormous effort and enormous human sacrifices our country was able to refract the course of historical events in the Great Patriotic war in their favour. Extremely violent confrontation predetermined the loss of troops, where only in the defensive period of the Stalingrad battle a day killed up to 3,000 people and about the same number of wounded. The severe sanitary and epidemiological situation after the battle, where a huge mass of decaying human bodies remained unburied in a relatively small area of hostilities, and what incredible efforts were made to prevent the impending epidemic of dangerous infectious diseases. The contribution of the outstanding scientist-microbiologist Z. V. Ermoleva and the implementation of her bold decisions in the prevention of cholera epidemic are described. The story is about one of the participants of the battle of Stalingrad on the part of the enemy, but played a huge role in the construction of a moral bridge between the fiercely opposing sides of evil and the liberation of Kurt Roiber - a participant in the battle of Stalingrad, who died in a camp for prisoners of war, but left a number of unforgettable drawings, one of which is the «Stalingrad Madonna» - the fruit of observations and a deep understanding of Russian children and mothers, destitute by military actions, calling in their own way to protect the world over their heads. K. Reiber was able to recognize the inhumanity of war, but that he had to himself to go through this hell. Only by relying on these sensitive triggers of our state of mind can we preserve the memory of the tragedy and the role of Russia’s unparalleled feat, which set an example to the whole world, including the enemy of the power of our indomitable Soviet spirit. And, no matter how hard it was, we should know and often remember these days of the hardest struggle and the great victory.

scholarly journals The role of the Moscow Slavophils in the release of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-162
Author(s):  
Marina G. Smolyaninova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Freedom ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Bulgarian People

In 1396 the Ottomans occupied Bulgaria. It disappeared from the world map, becoming part of the Ottoman Empire. In the XIX century Russian society contributed to the spiritual revival of the Bulgarian people. I.S.Aksakovbelieved that Russia should help not only the spiritual revival of the Bulgarians, but also the acquisition of political freedom, lost in the XIV century.On April 12, 1877, Emperor Alexander II declared war on Turkey. At the cost of enormous human sacrifice, the Russian people freed Bulgaria from slavery, which, after 500 years of non-existence, reappeared on the world map. In the modern press, it can be observed that Russia's role in the liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish yoke is reappraising. Some scholars believe that the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 was not liberating, but conquering, occupying. The article refutes the opinion of false scientists who seek to distort the truth based on archival documents, as well as on the testimonies of eyewitnesses of historical events (including the testimonies of Bulgarian writers of that time - Petko Rachev Slaveykov, Ilya Blyskov, Vasil Drumyov, Ivan Vazov and others). Ivan Vazov called the Russian soldiers "Knights of Good." P.R. Slaveykov wrote: "Russia has given us freedom with its blood."

scholarly journals Competitive Factors in Ensuring the Sustainability of the Food Industry Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2018-2023
Author(s):  
Ismailov Omilxon Shukurillaevich
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
The World

This article discusses the issues of competition in ensuring the sustainability of the food industry in the world economy, the sources and stages of competitive advantages of States. The role of natural resources, investments and other elements in increasing the economic competitiveness of the state, as well as the stages of competitiveness of developed countries are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Education in Economic Development: A Comparison of South Korea and Kyrgyzstan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargiza Sakmurzaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
National Budget ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Economy

Education plays a big role in the economic development of the country. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without educated human capital. Education helps people to understand themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education is a very important in raising productivity of people and promotes technological development. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the role of education in the economic development by comparing South Korea and Kyrgyzstan which are represents developed and developing countries of the world. South Korea, for example, is a highly industrialized and developed country which educational system is in the list of the best 10 systems in the world. In opposite, Kyrgyzstan is an agricultural country which economy is dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. As a result of the research it can be concluded that education is a compulsory and one of the major tools for development of one country. A developing country with a small economy such as Kyrgyzstan should take an example from South Korea and allocate much money from the national budget for the education. So, it is important for Kyrgyzstan to implement educational policy of developed countries within the framework of national policy.

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