scholarly journals The role of economies of scale in the cost of dialysis across the world: a macroeconomic perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nayak Karopadi ◽  
G. Mason ◽  
E. Rettore ◽  
C. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

Thirty years after water privatization—is the English model the envy of the world?

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Helm
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Water Privatization ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Incentives ◽  
Regulation Model ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The paper considers whether water privatization 30 years ago has delivered the promised superior performance to nationalization, which remains the dominant model in Europe. The paper sets out the arguments at privatization, in particular in relation to efficiency, the managerial incentives, the role of private-sector balance sheets in facilitating investment, and the impacts on the cost of capital. Alternative explanations of relative performance, notably the regulation model adopted, are highlighted, and the paper concludes by outlining an alternative model of water regulation which better marries up public responsibilities and private incentives.

scholarly journals Some health aspects of the Battle of Stalingrad with elements of philosophical comprehension

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
V P Koshelev ◽  
I G Kornushko ◽  
A V Shpanka ◽  
Yu E Vyazovichenko
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Great Victory

Presents extensive historical material unparalleled feat of the Soviet people for a liquidation of consequences of the most ambitious in its bitterness of the battle of Stalingrad, where the cost of enormous effort and enormous human sacrifices our country was able to refract the course of historical events in the Great Patriotic war in their favour. Extremely violent confrontation predetermined the loss of troops, where only in the defensive period of the Stalingrad battle a day killed up to 3,000 people and about the same number of wounded. The severe sanitary and epidemiological situation after the battle, where a huge mass of decaying human bodies remained unburied in a relatively small area of hostilities, and what incredible efforts were made to prevent the impending epidemic of dangerous infectious diseases. The contribution of the outstanding scientist-microbiologist Z. V. Ermoleva and the implementation of her bold decisions in the prevention of cholera epidemic are described. The story is about one of the participants of the battle of Stalingrad on the part of the enemy, but played a huge role in the construction of a moral bridge between the fiercely opposing sides of evil and the liberation of Kurt Roiber - a participant in the battle of Stalingrad, who died in a camp for prisoners of war, but left a number of unforgettable drawings, one of which is the «Stalingrad Madonna» - the fruit of observations and a deep understanding of Russian children and mothers, destitute by military actions, calling in their own way to protect the world over their heads. K. Reiber was able to recognize the inhumanity of war, but that he had to himself to go through this hell. Only by relying on these sensitive triggers of our state of mind can we preserve the memory of the tragedy and the role of Russia’s unparalleled feat, which set an example to the whole world, including the enemy of the power of our indomitable Soviet spirit. And, no matter how hard it was, we should know and often remember these days of the hardest struggle and the great victory.

scholarly journals The role of the Moscow Slavophils in the release of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-162
Author(s):  
Marina G. Smolyaninova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Freedom ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Bulgarian People

In 1396 the Ottomans occupied Bulgaria. It disappeared from the world map, becoming part of the Ottoman Empire. In the XIX century Russian society contributed to the spiritual revival of the Bulgarian people. I.S.Aksakovbelieved that Russia should help not only the spiritual revival of the Bulgarians, but also the acquisition of political freedom, lost in the XIV century.On April 12, 1877, Emperor Alexander II declared war on Turkey. At the cost of enormous human sacrifice, the Russian people freed Bulgaria from slavery, which, after 500 years of non-existence, reappeared on the world map. In the modern press, it can be observed that Russia's role in the liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish yoke is reappraising. Some scholars believe that the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 was not liberating, but conquering, occupying. The article refutes the opinion of false scientists who seek to distort the truth based on archival documents, as well as on the testimonies of eyewitnesses of historical events (including the testimonies of Bulgarian writers of that time - Petko Rachev Slaveykov, Ilya Blyskov, Vasil Drumyov, Ivan Vazov and others). Ivan Vazov called the Russian soldiers "Knights of Good." P.R. Slaveykov wrote: "Russia has given us freedom with its blood."

scholarly journals ВОСТОЧНЫЙ ВЕКТОР СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА РОССИИ СО СТРАНАМИ АЗИАТСКО-ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО РЕГИОНА В ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СФЕРЕ

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Irina V. Filimonova ◽  
Vasily Yu. Nemov ◽  
Irina V. Provornaya ◽  
Anastasia V. Chebotareva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Markets ◽  
The Cost

В статье проанализирована роль Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона в экспорте нефти и газа из России. Оценен экспортный потенциал восточных регионов России. Уделено внимание транспортной инфраструктуре экспортного назначения, охарактеризован трубопроводный транспорт на востоке России, проанализирована доля объёма транспортировки углеводородов в совокупном производстве энергоносителей в России. Изучена динамика изменения стоимостной структуры экспортируемых энергоносителей из России. Авторами исследована также структура потребления и производства энергоносителей в странах АТР, Северной Америки и Европы. Отдельно рассмотрены мировые рынки нефти и газа, а также перспективы сотрудничества со странами АТР в энергетической сфере. The article analyzes the role of the Asia-Pacific region in the export of oil and gas from Russia. The export potential of the eastern regions of Russia was evaluated, attention was also paid to transport infrastructure for export, pipeline transport in the east of Russia was characterized, the share of hydrocarbon transportation in the total energy production in Russia was analyzed. The dynamics of changes in the cost structure of exported energy from Russia was studied. The authors also investigated the structure of energy consumption and production in the Asia-Pacific countries, North America and Europe. The world oil and gas markets, as well as the prospects for cooperation with the Asia-Pacific countries in the energy sector were separately considered.

Creation of walnut (Juglans regia L.) orchards by means of densing fruit-ful vineyards

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
V.M. Kostenko ◽  
◽  
M.F. Kiktenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Cost Estimate ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Current State ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The profound analysis of the walnut cultivation current state in the world and role of Ukraine in this process is made by the authors V. Kostenko and N. Kiktenko in the paper. The substantiation has been presented of the necessity and opportunities for the areas and gross productions of nuts increasing in Ukraine. That is accounted for by the high profitability level of its production and export potential in the products sales. The cost estimate for creating young walnut stands is demonstrated as well as of managing them. The technology of growing grape hybrid Isabella is described. Weighty argument of lack of prospects end economic inexpediency of its cultivation in Moldova and Ukraine are presented as well as the of cost estimate of planting establishment and growing one hectare of walnut. The natural and climatic zone of the enterprise establishment is described, on the basis of which a production experiment was conducted. This is described in details. The number of treatments against diseases and pests is given. The results are presented of accounting for the yield and income from the vineyard for the period of the researches. The planting plan of the experimental orchard, a hole, scale of fertilizing during planting are described, as well as technological peculiarities of the walnut trees formation in the row of fruiting vineyards. The walnut planting tock assortment is indicated. The results are presented of accounting for the nuts yield by years and cultivars. The authors also described the mycorhiza effects on the development of walnut planting trees and vine bushes. Moreover, the summaries are provided of the videos that were periodically posted on the Internet during the experiment. The recommendations to the producers are also presented.

scholarly journals The Culture of Construction Organisations: the Epitome of Institutionalised Corruption

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Oyen Arewa ◽  
Peter Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vital Element

The culture of an organisation is a vital element of business competency that must align with its strategic goals, and enhance peoples’ perceptions, feelings and behaviour in adapting to the world around them. Organisational culture may also bring about negative practices such as dishonesty and unethical behaviours. Recently the culture of some construction organisations has been called into question. For example, major construction projects around the globe have become involved in allegations of fraud and corruption. The cost is currently estimated at US$860 billion globally; with forecasts that it may rise to US$1.5 trillion by 2025. Hitherto the role of the culture of construction organisations in fraud and corruption activities has been largely hidden. The study aim is to establish whether the culture of construction organisations promotes corrupt practices in the UK construction and infrastructure sector. The study employed mixed research methods with interviews supported by a questionnaire and an examination of five case studies in different countries. Findings show that the culture of construction organisations together with the nature of the industry promotes fraud and corruption. The study subsequently highlights key cultural factors that support fraud and corruption in a way that is almost institutionalised.  

scholarly journals The Culture of Construction Organisations: the Epitome of Institutionalised Corruption?

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Oyen Arewa ◽  
Andrew Oyen Arewa ◽  
Peter Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vital Element

<p>The culture of an organisation is a vital element of business competency that must align with its strategic goals, and enhance peoples’ perceptions, feelings and behaviour in adapting to the world around them. Organisational culture may also bring about negative practices such as dishonesty and unethical behaviours. Recently the culture of some construction organisations has been called into question. For example, major construction projects around the globe have become involved in allegations of fraud and corruption. The cost is currently estimated at US$860 billion globally; with forecasts that it may rise to US$1.5 trillion by 2025. Hitherto, the role of the culture of construction organisations in fraud and corruption activities has been largely hidden. The study aim is to establish whether the culture of construction organisations promotes corrupt practices in the UK construction and infrastructure sector. The study employed mixed research methods with qualitative interviews supported by a quantitative questionnaire and examination of five case studies in different countries. Findings show that the culture of construction organisations together with the nature of the industry promotes fraud and corruption. The study subsequently highlighted key cultural factors that support fraud and corruption in a way that is almost institutionalised.  </p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: construction, corruption, culture and organisations</p>

scholarly journals A world without statistics?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Luis Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Statistics Education ◽  
Incorrect Decision ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

As a practicing statistician, we frequently are asked questions like: What is the role of statistics in our daily life? Why do we need statistics? What would the world be without statistics? Here are some of my thoughts on these and related matters. Statistics is an ancient tool which has been useful in solving problems of interest and understanding the world we live in. Until recently, say 60 years ago, in Latin America there was the wrong perception that statistics was an exoteric field that did not relate well to the needs of our society. Also, it was incorrectly thought that statistics was a branch of mathematics of interest only to people in academia. Fortunately, the perception is changing. These days, we find more and more people interested on how and where one could use statistics to the advantage of government, business, sciences, and day to day affairs. Careers and training in statistics are becoming more common in our universities, and statisticians are beginning to play an important role in our society. Statistics derives its power from the positive impact that it can have when it interacts with other fields like science, business, government, services, and research in general. There are numerous well documented reports for the interdisciplinary added value due to the use of statistics. The reports are on a wide range of applications from Physics (see, Mahon, B. “How Science Got Statistics”, Significance, June 2015) to improving the quality of beer (see, https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Sealy_Gosset). For a very interesting collection of applications in México, see http://www. mundoestadisticacimat.mx/videos. In principle the idea is to use statistics to make decisions based on uncertainty and limited information. The first hurdle to overcome is to agree to the concept that basically there are no predictable or repeatable processes. That variability is inherent on whatever we observe, measure, or manufacture. Also, to understand that it is unrealistic to expect a complete control of variability, if at all possible, at a reasonable cost. In making decisions under uncertainty there are important considerations: The risk in simplistic terms is function of the probability that the decision is incorrect and the cost due to the incorrect decision. If the risk is too high, it might be the case that we should not assume the risk or take action to decrease the probability or cost (or both) of an incorrect decision. Related, suppose that there is a business decision which carries minor lasting economic repercussions in case of failure, other than the cost of implementing it, but with great competitive advantages if it succeeds. The business opportunity is a function of the probability of a successful decision and the benefits derived from this decision. If the investment to try the new venture is low as compared to potential business opportunity, why not try? In either case, getting a good estimate of the probability of an incorrect (or correct) decision is in the realm of work where good statistics combined with subject matter is paramount. Interestingly, statistics thrives in moments of crisis. The need of quick response or understanding of undesirable events has shown the important role of statistics in those decision making situations. A few documented cases that come to mind are: the important work of statisticians in breaking the Enigma code and the developing of the A-bomb during World War II, the role of statistics in understanding the problem and finding adequate treatments for HIV patients since this epidemiologic crisis emerged in the 1980s, understanding the root cause for the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986, and the work of statisticians in the non-destructive evaluation area caused by the current terrorist attacks. Of course, all these examples are high end applications, but statistics is being used today for more mundane purposes like: what is the remaining life of the battery of a pacemaker that a patient has worn for a certain period of time or how to identify those students in their first college year with the highest probability of abandoning their college education. Another important trait of statistics is its evolving nature. It is a field in the making in the sense that the field is driven by change and innovations (i.e., the discipline grows due to the needs of new problems to solve). We have the challenge and opportunity of forging and building statistical curricula that is useful for our future graduates. Where should we start? This is subject to debate. I am of the opinion that it should be started at the high school level at the latest, but by all means all college students should be exposed to some type of statistics education. Not everybody needs to be a practicing statistician, but at the very minimum, individuals in decision making positions should know when to use statistics or when to bring in statisticians into the decision making process. Paraphrasing A. Gelman, what would be “A world without statistics?” Well, the world most likely would have not disappeared, but we would not understand it so well, it would not be as confortable, and the quality of life would not be as good. Finally, for young generations interested in jobs for the future, the track record of statistics in other countries anticipates that in Latin America statistics would be a promising career with good job security, competitive salaries, and friendly working environments.

scholarly journals The role of marketing in the development of the world's leading higher education institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Ayman BERDYBEKOVA ◽  
◽  
Margarita KURMANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Educational Marketing ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The article tells about the importance of marketing in the development of leading higher education institutions in the world. The article substantiates the relevance of marketing applications in the field of educational services. The concepts of "educational marketing", "educational services", "advertising", "demand", "supply", "subjects of marketing relations in the field of education", "competitiveness", "consumers of educational services" are considered. The classification of types of marketing is given and the strategies of its application in the field of education are outlined. Examples of leading universities in the world and the dependence of the cost of education on their global ranking are also described. The place of marketing in the training as a whole is marked, the concepts of competitiveness and its importance in the development of leading universities around the world are separately described, the theme of marketing tools such as advertising and demand, as the main auxiliary abilities of marketing. The article demonstrates numerous theoretical and statistical data reflecting economic indicators of different countries, their characteristics, and clearly demonstrates their interrelation with each other using different tables. The high importance of the role of marketing in the education system of the world's leading universities has been proved. The perspective of application of marketing innovations for development of the sphere of educational services is revealed. The necessity of formation of special marketing services for market research and management of marketing complex in educational institutions is presented.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Globalization on Human Resource Development Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Ali Gunawan ◽  
Stephen Gregorius Kurnia ◽  
Hasan Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The terms “Globalization” and “The Digital Era” are familiar words that sound in our ears which mean progress or development.  The term globalization is a term that has links to increase interdependence among nations and people around the world through trade, investment, travel, popular culture and other forms of interaction so that the boundaries of a country become biased.  Globalization can bring about changes in all areas such as culture, economy, social, politics, ideology and so on.  On the one hand, globalization brings with its positive consequences and on the other hand also carries negative sides.  The Digital Era supports the process of Globalization to make it easier to accomplish, which makes it all easy to communicate with anyone and anytime, accessing data and information easily and quickly wherever we are especially supported by the tools of modern softwares and hardwares.  The Digital Era can also develop the capabilities of human resources must be able to adjust to use it.  For human resources who are unable to compete will be replaced with more capable ones.  However, currently Human Resources in Indonesia have not been fully encouraged to enter the Digital Era due to the constraints of several factors, such as the availability of infrastructure, the cost of digital is still inadequate when associated with the number of people with the level education and low technological understanding so they are accustomed to do jobs that do not require special skills.  Here ther role of all groups, communities and governments, to further improve the skills of human resources so as to be able to improve the economy and welfare.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document