scholarly journals The importance of immunohematology testing in the neonatal period

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevenka Bujandric ◽  
Mirjana Krga-Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Direct Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Exchange Blood Transfusion ◽  
Indirect Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Antiglobulin Test

Introduction. In order to diagnose hemolytic disease of the newborn it is necessary to determine ABO/Rh blood group, direct antiglobulin test and indirect antiglobulin test in newborns as well as ABO/Rh and indirect antiglobulin test in their mothers due to a possible incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and her baby. The study was aimed at reviewing and analyzing the results of screening of the newborns and pregnant women on the territory of South Backa District during 2011, as well as at estimating the necessity to give blood transfusion to the newborns in the same period. Material and Methods. Data obtained from the information system and protocol of the Institute for Blood Transfusion of Vojvodina were used in a retrospective analysis of screening of newborns and pregnant women. Results. Blood samples taken from 3313 newborns were tested and the following distribution of the ABO blood types was recorded: O in 45.6%, A in 35%, B in 15.9%, in 3.5%; 78.9%, newborns were found to be D-positive, 21.1% were D-negative. The direct antiglobulin test was positive in 165 (4.9%) cases, it was weakly positive +/- in 85 (51.5%) , positive 1+ in 45 (27.3%), positive 2+ in 17 (10.3%), positive 3+ in 12 (7.3%), positive 4+ in 6 (3.6%). In all cases, the monospecific direct antiglobulin test was positive with IgG antibodies. Of four newborns with positive direct antiglobulin test who required exchange blood transfusion, two had RhD incompatibility and two had ABO incompatibility. Blood samples of 3429 (100%) women were tested and 36 (1.05%) were actively immunized: 23 (0.67%) to RhD antigen, 8 (0.23%) to blood group antigens other than ABH and Rh, specificity could not be determined in 5 (0.15%). Anti-D antibodies were found in 19 (0.55%) pregnant women, in two (0.06%) cases newborns required exchange blood transfusion. Conclusion. Testing neonates and pregnant women contributes to the detection of blood type incompatibility between the mother and her child; it provides an opportunity for clinicians to implement the adequate prevention of RhD alloimmunization as well as to make timely diagnosis and to introduce treatment of hemolytic disease in newborns.

scholarly journals A-B Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD E. ROSENFIELD ◽  
FLORENCE EISINGER
Keyword(s):  
Reticulocyte Count ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Direct Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Plasma Bilirubin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Direct

Abstract A study was made of oxalated umbilical vein blood of nearly every infant born at The Mount Sinai Hospital in a nine month period. A specimen of maternal blood was available for intragroup antibody screening and six cases of Rh-Hr hemolytic disease were eliminated from the data. The umbilical vein blood was tested, where possible, for: (1) group and Rh, (2) direct antiglobulin test, (3) hemoglobin, (4) reticulocyte count and examination of red cell morphology, (5) plasma bilirubin, and (6) osmotic fragility in 0.52 per cent NaCl. From the mothers’ blood groups, the infants were classified into group compatible and group incompatible, and the arithmetic means of the hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and plasma bilirubin obtained for each class. A third class of infants, those with positive direct antiglobulin test, were analysed separately for comparison. 1. A weakly positive direct antiglobulin test was obtained on the umbilical vein blood of over 11 per cent of group incompatible infants but in none of the group compatible infants. 2. It appears that the weakly positive direct antiglobulin test detects an abnormal class of group incompatible infants, since their mean hemoglobin is low, their mean reticulocyte count is high, and their mean bilirubin is high, when these means are compared with those of the other group incompatible infants. 3. Thirty-eight of thirty-nine mothers of incompatible infants with positive direct antiglobulin test were group O. In comparison with the distribution of the blood groups of the mothers of other incompatible infants, this disproportion is of significance. 4. The mean reticulocyte count of incompatible infants with negative direct antiglobulin test is slightly (but with statistical significance) higher than the mean reticulocyte count of compatible infants. This difference was found to be associated almost entirely with group O mothers. 5. Thirty-one out of thirty-eight infants with positive direct antiglobulin test had increased osmotic fragility in hypotonic NaCl. Two of the negative cases appeared to have slight spherocytosis on blood smear.

scholarly journals Frequencies and Specificities of “Enzyme-Only” Detected Erythrocyte Alloantibodies in Patients Hospitalized in Austria: Is an Enzyme Test Required for Routine Red Blood Cell Antibody Screening?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Enko ◽  
Claudia Habres ◽  
Franz Wallner ◽  
Barbara Mayr ◽  
Gabriele Halwachs-Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
Indirect Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Cell Antibody ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Low Ionic Strength ◽  
Enzyme Test ◽  
Screening Result

The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies and specificities of “enzyme-only” detected red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies in the routine antibody screening and antibody identification in patients hospitalized in Austria. Routine blood samples of 2420 patients were investigated. The antibody screening was performed with a 3-cell panel in the low-ionic strength saline- (LISS-) indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and with an enzyme-pretreated (papain) 3-cell panel fully automated on the ORTHO AutoVue Innova System. The antibody identification was carried out manually with an 11-cell panel in the LISS-IAT and with an enzyme-pretreated (papain) 11-cell panel. In total 4.05% (n=98) of all patients (n=2420) had a positive RBC antibody screening result. Of them 25.51% (25/98) showed “enzyme-only” detected specific or nonspecific RBC alloantibodies. Rhesus and Lewis system antibodies were found the only specificities of “enzyme-only” RBC alloantibodies: all in all 4.8% (4/98) were detected with anti-E, 3.06% (3/98) with anti-Lea, 3.06% (3/98) with anti-D after anti-D prophylaxis and 1.02% (1/98) with anti-e. In total, 14.29% (14/98) showed a nonspecific RBC alloantibody result with the enzyme test. The results of the present study demonstrate that a high number of unwanted positive reactions with the enzyme technique overshadows the detection of “enzyme-only” RBC alloantibodies. (Trial Registration: K-37-13).

scholarly journals Effect of Intraoperative Blood Transfusion On Treg And Foxp3 In Patients With Digestive Tract Malignancies And Different Abo Blood Types

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajun Liu ◽  
Junzhi Sun ◽  
Yun Xia ◽  
Michael R. Lyaker ◽  
Jianshe Yu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Foxp3 Mrna ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background Blood transfusion can cause immunosuppression and lead to worse outcomes in patients with digestive tract malignancies; however, the specific mechanism behind this is not completely understood. One theory is that increased numbers of regulatory CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells (Tregs) and forkhead box protein-3 mRNA (FOXP3) expression in the blood after transfusion contribute to these outcomes. The effect of blood transfusion on immune function in patients with different ABO blood types is variable. This study investigates the effect of intraoperative blood transfusion on the number of Tregs and the expression of FOXP3 in the blood of patients with different ABO blood types and digestive tract malignancies. Methods Patients with digestive tract malignancies who underwent radical resection and received intraoperative blood transfusion were divided into four groups according to their blood types:blood group A, B, O and AB (n=20 ). Blood was collected before surgery, immediately after transfusion, 1 day after transfusion, and 5 days after transfusion. The number of Tregs was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of FOXP3 was detected by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results There was no significant difference in the number of Tregs or expression of FOXP3 mRNA among patients with different blood types before surgery. However, the number of Tregs and the expression of FOXP3 increased after blood transfusion in all blood type groups. This increase was especially evident and statistically significant on the first day after blood transfusion when compared with measures obtained before the surgery. Measures returned to the preoperative level five days after surgery. There were significant differences in the increase of Tregs and expression of FOXP3 among patients with different blood types. The greatest increase was seen in patients with blood group B and the least in blood group A. Conclusions Intraoperative blood transfusion can lead to an increase in blood Tregs and FOXP3 expression in patients with digestive tract malignancies. Increases were greatest on the first day after surgery and differed among patients with different blood types. Increases were greatest in blood type B and least in blood type A.

scholarly journals Severe hemolytic disease of the premature newborn due to RH1 incompatibility: a case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Uwingabiye ◽  
Hafid Zahid ◽  
Fayçal Labrini ◽  
Abdelhak El Khazraji ◽  
Anass Yahyaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Haemolytic Disease ◽  
Total Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
History Of

We report a case of dramatic outcome of severe haemolytic disease in a newborn due to RH1 incompatibility. A newborn with A RH1 blood group was admitted in the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital for the problem of hydrops fetalis associated with RH1 incompatibility. The blood group of his mother, aged 31, was AB RH1-negative and that of his 37 year old father was A RH1.The mother had a history of 4 term deliveries, 3 abortions, and 1 living child. There was no prevention by anti-D immunoglobulin postpartum. The mother‘s irregular agglutinin test was positive and the pregnancy was poorly monitored. The laboratory tests of the newborn showed a high total serum bilirubin level (30 mg/L) and macrocytic regenerative anemia (Hemoglobin=4 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume = 183 fL, reticulocytes count =176600/m3). The blood smear showed 1256 erythroblasts per 100 leukocytes, Howell–Jolly bodies and many macrocytes. The direct antiglobulin test was positive. He was transfused with red blood cell concentrates and treated with conventional phototherapy. The evolution was unfavourable; he died three days after the death of his mother. The monitoring of these high-risk pregnancies requires specialized centers and a close collaboration between the gynaecologist and the blood transfusion specialist to strengthen the prevention, as well as clinico-biological monitoring in patients with a history of RH1 fetomaternal alloimunization.

scholarly journals Frequencies of feline blood types in Hungary

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóra Bagdi ◽  
Melinda Magdus ◽  
E. Leidinger ◽  
Judith Leidinger ◽  
K. Vörös
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Type A ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Feline blood group determination is done as a routine diagnostic method in numerous countries. Blood transfusion reactions and feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNI) can be avoided with the identification of different feline blood groups. The present study is the first investigation in Hungary during which 100 cats have been examined from all over the country. These cats were out of six breeds: European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Persian, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair. In the Hungarian feline population European domestic shorthair are most common but other breeds also occur. European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair individuals all belonged to blood type A (100%). Blood type B was found very rarely and only in Persian cats. One-third of the Persian cats were categorised into blood type B, whilst type AB was not found during the study.

scholarly journals Anti-M Alloimmunization: Management and Outcome at a Single Institution

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. e205-e210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Stetson ◽  
Scott Scrape ◽  
Kara Markham
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Indirect Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective The objective of this study was to review the management strategies and outcomes in gravidas with anti-M alloimmunization over 15 years. Study Design Data collected from 195 pregnant patients with anti-M antibodies from July 2000 through June 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed indirect antiglobulin test titer results, paternal or fetal/neonatal M antigen status, antepartum course, and perinatal outcomes. Results Anti-M antibodies were found in 146 women and 195pregnancies. Among those with positive indirect antiglobulin tests, 193 pregnancies had titers at or below 1:4. Only one patient with an initial low titer experienced a more than twofold increase to a titer 1:64. Two women underwent an amniocentesis and cordocentesis. Ninety-five (73.6%) of the 129 infants tested were positive for the M antigen. Nine infants required phototherapy. There were no cases of hemolytic disease of the fetus or newborn, mild or severe. Conclusion The incidence of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-M is extremely low. We found no cases in our review of 195 pregnancies, despite several cases of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn reported in the literature. We have created an algorithm for the management of anti-M antibodies in pregnancy based on our data and extensive literature review.

scholarly journals Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: managing the mother, fetus, and newborn

Hematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Delaney ◽  
Dana C. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Anemia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Cell Destruction ◽  
Intrauterine Transfusion

AbstractHemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) affects 3/100 000 to 80/100 000 patients per year. It is due to maternal blood group antibodies that cause fetal red cell destruction and in some cases, marrow suppression. This process leads to fetal anemia, and in severe cases can progress to edema, ascites, heart failure, and death. Infants affected with HDFN can have hyperbilirubinemia in the acute phase and hyporegenerative anemia for weeks to months after birth. The diagnosis and management of pregnant women with HDFN is based on laboratory and radiographic monitoring. Fetuses with marked anemia may require intervention with intrauterine transfusion. HDFN due to RhD can be prevented by RhIg administration. Prevention for other causal blood group specificities is less studied.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Bilirubin According to the Results of the Direct Antiglobulin Test and Its Impact in Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hwa Shin ◽  
Hyun-Ji Lee ◽  
Duyeal Song ◽  
Sun-Min Lee ◽  
In Suk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Antiglobulin Test

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Quantitative Direct Antiglobulin Test in Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Due to Anti-D

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIBOR J. GREENWALT ◽  
JOYCE A. WAGNER
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Direct Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Antiglobulin Test

Abstract 1. 86 infants with hemolytic disease due to anti-D iso-immunization were studied by the quantitative direct antiglobulin test. 2. No regular correlation was found between this test and clinical severity.

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