scholarly journals Correlation between neurological finding and gestational maturity of newborns determined by neurosonography

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevenka Ilic ◽  
Slobodan Obradovic ◽  
Jasmina Djindjic ◽  
Gordana Kostic ◽  
Olivera Laban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Neurological Finding ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Introduction Maturity is a complex functional condition influenced especially by the development of the vital functions of a fetus, primarily by the degree of the development of its central nervous system. The aim of this investigation was to establish the gestational maturity of the nervous system by neurosonography and neurological status. Material and methods The parameter of the neurological maturity, compared in this research are a neurological status and the degree of girification established by the ultrasound. Results All the coefficients of correlation between the gestation age determined by the ultrasound and the establishing of the gestation based on the neurological findings show a statistically significant correlation for p<0.01. Of particular parametres of the neurological evaluation , the most appropriate ones appeared to be reflexes (the reflex of crossed extension, Moro reflex and the reflex of the main points), then volar flexion of a hand and the poplietal corner as the indicator of the passive tonus, whereas within the area of the evaluation of the active tonus, the motility was the most valid for establishing the maturity of a neonatal. The lowest coefficients of the correlations were in the automatic walk and the active tonus of the neck flexor, which are the ones of the most common neurological indicators of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy of a neonatal. Conclusions Bearing in mind that the premature babies are a risky group for existence of perinatal brain damages, we believe the neurosonographic establishing of the gestation age to be a precise and comfortable indicator of the maturity of the nervous system.

scholarly journals Predictive significance of pro-inflammatory interleukins at newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Liudmila Yur'evna Barycheva ◽  
Aminat Sultanovna Idrisova ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Kuzmina ◽  
Oleg Vilenovich Agranovich ◽  
Kazbek Sultanovich Mezhidov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ischemic Damage ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Relevance. Hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system is accompanied by overproduction of pro-inflammatory interleukins in newborns. Perinatal inflammatory responses contribute to unfavorable outcomes. Methods of investigation. The analysis of the cytokine profile in the blood serum was performed in 45 full-term newborns by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay within 4–96 hours after birth. 32 children had the signs of HIE stage 2, 13 children — HIE stage 3. Unfavorable neurological consequences were formed in 47,4% of children. Research results. Revealed an increase in the levels of IL1β — 17,7 [13,6; 25,4] and IL6 35,2 [24,9; 45,0] in newborns with HIE. A significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines was found in patients with unfavorable outcomes compared with favorable ones. When predicting the disabling consequences of DIE, a high predictive value was established for IL1β and IL6. Conclusion. In newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, an increase in serum IL1β and IL6 is observed. It is advisable to use an increase in IL1β >19,4 pg/ml (OR=12,80; 95% CI: 2,90–56,58) and IL6 >40,1 pg/ml (OR=11,33; 95% CI: 2,46–52,15).

Catastrophic Central Nervous System Injury Rating

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Demeter ◽  
Lorne Direnfeld ◽  
Richard Katz ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Central Nervous System Injury ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Catastrophic Injury ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Abstract We present a case involving a catastrophic injury that resulted from a completely obstructed airway when an examinee choked on food. She had cardiopulmonary arrest and developed a hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy associated with profound neurological losses. The evaluation of the consequences of severe central nervous system injury necessitates evaluation and rating of all the sequelae of that injury. The first step is clinical assessment, followed by thoughtful application of these data to the processes and criteria provided in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). The approaches discussed in the fifth and sixth editions of the AMA Guides are similar.

scholarly journals FEATURES KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEMS AND DYSFUNCTIONS ENDOTHELIUM AT NEWBORNS WITH HYPOXEMIC DEFEAT OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
V. A. Zhelev ◽  
A. S. Pogudina ◽  
V. V. Gorev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Kallikrein Kinin System ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Proteolytic systems of tissue and blood plasma take part in the processes of adaptation and protection of an organism, as well as in development of pathological reactions. 201 prematurely newborn of various degree gestation with hypoxemic affection of the central nervous system were under observation. We have studied the activity of kallikrein, kallikreinogen in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The activity of the kallikrein-kinin system was increased in all the groups against the background of the decreased inhibitory activity of blood plasma of different intensity, which can be used for the prediction of the course of diseases.

Cerebral Physiology and Psychiatry

1948 ◽  
Vol 94 (394) ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Cerebral Physiology ◽  
Total Environment

Introduction.This contribution is itself introductory to a larger subject, and is an attempt to present some physiological observations in a way that may stimulate the interest of psychologists and psychiatrists. Viewed from a biological standpoint, man is limited in his thinking and behaviour by his innate constitution, anatomically and physiologicallly. As a living, functioning individual he is much more than the mere sum of his parts, yet it is a fact that structurally he is made up of reflex arcs (receptor endorgans, afferent nerves, central nervous system, efferent nerves and effector organs). The vital functions of nutrition, respiration, circulation, excretion, reproduction, locomotion and metabolism are effected by standard types of reflexes which pervade the vertebrate kind, so that a dynamic reflexological approach to normal and abnormal human behaviour should be revealing. Man is stimulated by his total environment to respond as a complete being, and this full activity is retained as experience which modifies subsequent behaviour. That being so, the nature of integration of these reflexes and the ways in which they are influenced by experience constitute a subject very pertinent to the study of psychology and psychiatry. Something of that nature forms the material of this paper.

scholarly journals Disseminated Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection with Central Nervous System Involvement and Ponchet’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cns Tuberculosis

Background: Diagnosing central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is challenging because of its rarity, indolent course, and insensitive microbiological diagnosis. The mortality of the disease is high even with prompt initiation of appropriate therapy. Case report: A 36-year-old male from Pakistan with no past medical history was brought to the hospital with fever (39o C) and altered behavior since 2 weeks. He was confused, with nuchal rigidity, an enlarged right cervical lymph node and swelling of the left knee and ankle. The first brain CT was normal. Lumbar puncture revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein and low glucose. He was started on ceftriaxone, ampicillin and acyclovir pending further cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. CSF acid-fast staining, tuberculin skin test, CSF PCR for mycobacterium tuberculosis, testing for HIV, Cryptococcus and syphilis were all negative. Due to the patient’s worsening neurological status, a brain MRI was performed revealing worsening hydrocephalus, leptomeningeal enhancement and brain edema, findings consistent with tuberculous central nervous system infection. A ventriculostomy was placed and he was started on anti-tuberculosis therapy and adjunctive prednisone. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was later confirmed from culture of the CSF. Synovial fluid analysis revealed 30 leukocytes/ul, with negative cultures (suggesting Poncet’s disease). Despite improvement of the level of conscience, neurological improvement was otherwise limited, and the patient died 4 months later after repeated in-hospital infections. Discussion: Considering the morbidity and mortality of CNS tuberculosis empirical initiation of therapy is important when the clinical suspicion is high.

scholarly journals CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM RELAPSE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Qubtia ◽  
Muhammad Umer Nasir ◽  
Memoona Mian ◽  
Abdul Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Best Supportive Care ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Central Nervous System Relapse ◽  
Dismal Prognosis

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder primarily involving bone marrow. Extramedullary involvement is less common, with central nervous system (CNS) myelomatosis being a rare entity and such presentation carries extremely dismal prognosis. We present case of a 40 years old male with MM who was initially treated with 6 cycles of Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone resulting in complete response. 2 years later he presented with CNS myelomatosis and scrotal involvement and was initially treated with Bortezomib and dexamethasone, cranial irradiation and intrathecal Methorexate, Cytarabine, Hydrocortisone (TRIO IT), along with radical orchiectomy and testicular radiation during the course of treatment. However, after initial response his disease showed clinical and radiological progression after 4 months of therapy. He was switched to high dose Methotrexate (HD-MTX) with TRIOITand later Lenalidamide and dexamethasone (Len/dex) was added to the above regimen. He continued to show good clinical response but his cytology remained persistently positive, therefore, HD-MTX was discontinued in the later course of treatment. Subsequently he was started on best supportive care only, when his neurological status deteriorated further. He survived almost 9 months after a diagnosis of CNS myelomatosis. Patients with multiple myeloma, presenting with neurological symptoms should always be investigated for the possibility of CNS MM. CNS relapse is a fatal disease with poor prognosis. Recommended treatment must include a systemic anti-MM regimen that crosses the BBB (ideally Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) IMiDs-dexamethasone based therapy), CNS irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy.Key words: Multiple myeloma, central nervous system myelomatosis, therapy

scholarly journals Sedation and Analgesia in Children with Developmental Disabilities and Neurologic Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J. Kilbaugh ◽  
Stuart H. Friess ◽  
Ramesh Raghupathi ◽  
Jimmy W. Huh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Sedation And Analgesia ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Children With Developmental Disabilities

Sedation and analgesia performed by the pediatrician and pediatric subspecialists are becoming increasingly common for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in children with developmental disabilities and neurologic disorders (autism, epilepsy, stroke, obstructive hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy). The overall objectives of this paper are (1) to provide an overview on recent studies that highlight theincreasedrisk for respiratory complications following sedation and analgesia in children with developmental disabilities and neurologic disorders, (2) to provide a better understanding of sedatives and analgesic medications which are commonly used in children with developmental disabilities and neurologic disorders on thecentral nervous system.

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