scholarly journals Fabrication of bionanocomposite based on LDH using biopolymer of gum arabic and chitosan-coating for sustained drug-release

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Abniki ◽  
Ali Moghimi ◽  
Fariborz Azizinejad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
New Formulation

The study proposed a new formulation to the sustained delivery of mefenamate anions intercalated into Mg?Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) for oral administration. Different experimental conditions were evaluated to incorporate the mefenamic acid (MEF) and gum arabic (GUM) into LDH structure. The LDH?MEF and LDH?MEF/GUM were covered with chitosan (CHIT). In another experiment, LDH?Cl was used to adsorb mefenamate anions and evaluate the mechanism. The products of LDH were characterized by using different techniques such as FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). The X-ray diffraction patterns and FTIR analyses confirmed that the MEF and GUM were successfully intercalated into the interlayer space of LDH. TG analysis verified that the thermal stability of intercalated MEF in the form of bionanocomposite (LDH?MEF/ /GUM/CHIT) was enhanced. Finally, In vitro drug release experiments of bionanocomposite at a pH of 1.2 (acidic medium) and a pH of 7.4 (phosphate buffer medium) showed sustained release profiles with mefenamate anions as an anti-inflammatory model drug.

scholarly journals Cytocompatibility and Dielectric Properties of Sr2+ Substituted Nano-Hydroxyapatite for Triggered Drug Release

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Lakshmanaperumal Sundarabharathi ◽  
Mahendran Chinnaswamy ◽  
Hemalatha Parangusan ◽  
Deepalekshmi Ponnamma ◽  
Mariam Al Ali Al-Maadeed
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Dielectrical Properties ◽  
Living Tissues

Hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH) is a well-known bioceramics material used in medical applications because of its ability to form direct chemical bonds with living tissues. In this context, we investigate the biocompatibility and dielectric properties of Sr2+-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method. The influence of strontium on the crystal structure, functional group, morphological, electrical properties, and biocompatibility of as-synthesized nano-hydroxyapatite samples was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Dielectrical properties of the bioactive Sr-HA sample were investigated by a dielectric impedance spectroscopy method. The observed results illustrate the incorporation of Sr2+ ions in the apatite lattice could influence the pure HA properties, by reducing the crystallite size and crystallinity quite consistent with the morphology variation. The ac conductivity (σac) increased with an increasing applied frequency confirmed that prepared HA sample exhibited the universal power law nature. Further, the in vitro drug loading and release studies using doxycycline as a model drug demonstrate that the Sr2+ -HA nanoparticles show high drug adsorption capacity and sustained drug release. Thus, the improved bioceramics system could be a promising candidate for future biomedical applications.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GRAPHENE GRAFTED CHITOSAN/POLYANILINE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ANTICANCER DRUG DOXORUBICIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
SUCHISMITA MOHANTY ◽  
SUBRATA SARANGI ◽  
GOURI SANKAR ROY
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Drug Release Rate ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Model Drug

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to functionalized graphene (f-GE) grafted chitosan (CS)/Polyaniline (PANI) with Montmorillonite (MMT) was different feed ratio known as f-GE-g-(CS/MMT-PANI). Methods: The prepared f-GE-g-(CS/MMT-PANI) was formulated using the solvent casting method. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetric (DTG) and swelling in stimulated in the different biological fluid. The model drug Doxorubicin (DOX) was used for controlled drug delivery purpose. Results: From FTIR result was clearly demonstrated that the model drug DOX did not change in any molecular level at f-GE-(CS/MMT-PANI) (i.e. at<10 nm scale). Additionally, in DSC result, DOX was interacted with nanocomposites at scale>100 nm level. With CS as the carrier, 60% of the drug was released in SIF for the initial 120 min and this increased to 80–82% with f-GE-g-CS/MMT/PANI matrix. But in SGF, CS as the carrier, 46% of the drug was released in 140 min and this increased to 78% with f-GE-g-CS/MMT/PANI. In vitro drug release system was carried out by Korsmeyer Peppas’s power law. DOX and other drugs like Doxorubicin (DOX) was presented an exceptional higher drug result in different pH medium. Conclusion: It was observed that CS/MMT was decreasing less drug release rate compared to f-GE-g-(CS/MMT-PANI). So that it can be clearly understood that f-GE-g-(CS/MMT-PANI) grafted nanocomposites have enhanced drug release activity in different pH medium.

scholarly journals Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of pH Responsive Polymeric Nano Hydrogel Carrier System for Gastro-Protective Delivery of Naproxen Sodium

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rai Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Muhammad Rouf Akram ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Ali ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Usman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Naproxen Sodium ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
X Ray

Current research work was carried out for gastro-protective delivery of naproxen sodium. Polyethylene glycol-g-poly (methacrylic acid) nanogels was developed through free radical polymerization technique. Formulation was characterized for swelling behaviour, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Zeta size distribution, and Zeta potential measurements, and in-vitro drug release. pH dependent swelling was observed with maximum drug release at higher pH. PXRD studies confirmed the conversion of loaded drug from crystalline to amorphous form while Zeta size measurement showed size reduction. On the basis of these results it was concluded that prepared nanogels proved an effective tool for gastro-protective delivery of naproxen sodium.

Comments on determining X-ray diffraction-based volume fractions of retained austenite in steels

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Lowe-Ma ◽  
W. T. Donlon ◽  
W. E. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Profile Fitting ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Heat Treatment Regimes ◽  
Integrated Intensities

Retained austenite is an important characteristic of properly heat-treated steel components, particularly gears and shafts, that will be subjected to long-term use and wear. Normally, either X-ray diffraction or optical microscopy techniques are used to determine the volume percent of retained austenite present in steel components subjected to specific heat-treatment regimes. As described in the literature, a number of phenomenological, experimental, and calculation factors can influence the volume fraction of retained austenite determined from X-ray diffraction measurements. However, recent disagreement between metallurgical properties, microscopy, and service laboratory values for retained austenite led to a re-evaluation of possible reasons for the apparent discrepancies. Broad, distorted X-ray peaks from un-tempered martensite were found to yield unreliable integrated intensities whereas diffraction peaks from tempered samples were more amenable to profile fitting with standard shape functions, yielding reliable integrated intensities. Retained austenite values calculated from reliable integrated intensities were found to be consistent with values obtained by Rietveld refinement of the diffraction patterns. The experimental conditions used by service laboratories combined with a poor choice of diffraction peaks were found to be sources of retained austenite values containing significant bias.

scholarly journals Reciprocal Powered Time model for Release Kinetic Analysis of Ibuprofen Solid Dispersions in Oleaster Powder, Microcrystalline Cellulose and Crospovidone

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghobad Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali ◽  
Hadi Valizadeh ◽  
Hossein Nazemiyeh ◽  
Azim Barzegar-Jalali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Release Data ◽  
Dsc Thermograms

ABSTRACT- Purpose. A physically sound derivation for reciprocal power time (RPT) model for kinetic of drug release is given. In order to enhance ibuprofen dissolution, its solid dispersions (SDs) prepared by cogrinding technique using crospovidone (CP), microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and oleaster powder (OP) as a novel carrier and the model applied to the drug release data. Methods. The drug cogrounds with the carriers were prepared and subjected to the dissolution studies. For elucidation of observed in vitro differences, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, DSC thermograms and laser particle size measurement were conducted. Results. All drug release data fitted very well to newly derived RPT model. The efficiency of the carriers for dissolution enhancement was in the order of: CP>OP>MC. The corresponding release kinetic parameter derived from the model, t50% (time required for 50% dissolution) for the carrier to drug ratio 2:1 were 2.7, 10.2 and 12.6 min, respectively. The efficiency of novel carrier, OP, was between CP and MC. FT-IR showed no interaction between the carriers and drug. The DSC thermograms and X-ray diffraction patterns revealed a slight reduced crystallinty in the SDs. Also grinding reduced mean particle size of drug from 150.7 to 44.4 µm. Conclusion. An improved derivation for RPT model was provided which the parameter of the model, t50%, unlike to previous derivations was related to the most important property of the drug i.e. its solubility. The model described very well drug release kinetics from the solid dispersions. Cogrinding was an effective technique in enhancing dissolution rate of ibuprofen. Elaeagnus angostifolia fruit powder was suggested as a novel potential hydrophilic carrier in preparing solid dispersion of ibuprofen.

scholarly journals Glibenclamide-Loaded Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Nanoparticles and Glibenclamide-Loaded Soluplus® Nanomicelles Intended for Parenteral Administration: Effect of Solvents Mixtures on the Electrosprayed Nanoparticles and In vitro Characterization

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-260
Author(s):  
Maryam Al-Ghezi ◽  
Raghad F. Almilly ◽  
Wedad K. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
In Vitro Characterization

Background and Objective: Glibenclamide (GB) is showing promising results in central nervous system (CNS) injuries treatment where intravenous administration of GB could overcome the oral limitations and assure maximum bioavailability. Dry powder of GB nanoparticles reconstituted for parenteral administration was prepared through electrospraying. Methods: The drug was incorporated with two polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Soluplus® (SP), at ratios 1:4 and 1:2 (GB/polymer). Different solvent mixtures were used to formulate the particles. Physicochemical characteristics were investigated. Results: The size of the GB-PVP nanoparticle ranged between (409-775) nm with a spherical, disk, fractured and, agglomerated morphology, while those of the GB-SP nanomicelles were of (447-785) nm with mostly irregular morphology, in consequence to the used solvents mixtures. The high encapsulation efficiency ≥ 98% reflects the well dispersed drug molecules within the polymer matrix, further confirmed by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. GB-SP colloidal dispersions showed neutral zeta potentials with a cloud point of 36 ˚C, indicating prolonged circulation time and stability after parenteral administration. GB/SP nanomicelles at ratio 1:4 showed a sustained drug release reaching ≥ 94% in 36 hours. Conclusion: The GB-SP nanomicelles with extended drug release and regarding physicochemical properties represent a remarkable drug delivery system for parenteral administration.

Preparation and Evaluation of Spray Dried Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride for Nasal Delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1994-2007
Author(s):  
Galgatte U C ◽  
Kirange R H ◽  
C W Pote ◽  
D A Thanvi ◽  
P D Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Nasal Delivery ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride ◽  
Carbopol 934P

There is increasing interest in drug delivery through nasal mucosa because of the ability of drug particles to cross membrane due to their particle size in nano or submicron range. The present study was aimed to prepare and evaluate microspheres of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MH) by using HPMC E4M and Carbopol 934P. Microspheres were prepared using spray drying method and particle size was found in the range of 1.62 µm. Drug loaded microspheres of HPMC E4M and Carbopol 934P and combination of HPMC E4M: Carbopol 934P were evaluated for various parameters for optimized batch were drug entrapment (61.73%), mucoadhesive strength (1959.30 g/cms2), and in-vitro diffusion studies (95.61%). Optimized batch also evaluated for SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction study. Amorphous form of optimized batch was confirmed by X-ray diffraction study. Particles were spherical and discrete confirmed by SEM study. Particle size range was confirmed by TEM. The drug release of optimized batch was carried out by using sheep nasal membrane. Histopathological studies have shown no toxicity to the sheep nasal membrane and hence optimized formulation was found to be safe. The optimized formulation was found to be stable in the accelerated stability studies. It was found that drug entrapment was in the order of HPMC E4M> Carbopol934P > Carbopol 934P: HPMC E4M, mucoadhesive strength Carbopol 934P: HPMC E4M > Carbopol 934P > HPMC E4M, In-vitro drug release Carbopol 934P: HPMC E4M > HPMC E4M > Carbopol 934P. In conclusion, these studies indicate the feasibility and superior pharmacokinetic profile of the metoclopramide nasal system.  

In Vitro Growth of Aragonite Crystal on Nacre Surface

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 1335-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Luo ◽  
Lei Xie ◽  
Xiao Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aragonite Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

In an effort to investigate the growth mechanism of nacre, a conventional vapor diffusion method for CaCO3 crystal precipitation was applied to in vitro growth of calcium carbonate on freshwater H. cumingii Lea shell. In a 10mM/L CaCl2 solution without any additives, aragonite deposit was obtained on the nacre surface, specifically at the edges of nacreous tablets. At the early stage of the deposition (up to 4 hr), the deposit did not take any specific form. After 12hr of deposition, the deposit exhibited faceted morphology characteristic of crystalline. Further increasing the deposition time resulted in the formation of well-faceted crystals of tower-like shape. Both Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the deposit consists of aragonite polymorph of calcium carbonate.

Mixed Micelle-Template Route to Mesoporous Silica

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3819-3822 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Hwan Son ◽  
Man Park ◽  
Sang Tae Kim ◽  
Jin-Ho Choy
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Mixed Micelle ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Mcf 7

Mesoporous silica materials were prepared through a novel mixed micelle-template method which was employed by alkyl polyethylene oxide (C16E20 and C2-ceramide. X-ray diffraction patterns clearly showed the formation of mesoporous silica by contribution of mixed micelle-template up to 3/1 weight ratio (C16E20/C2-ceramide). TEM and N2 adsorption isotherms analyses indicated that the mesoporous structure was maintained even after encased C2-ceramides. However, when the weight ratio of C16E20/C2-ceramide exceeds 2/2, less ordered and irregular pore structure was observed. According to the in-vitro experiment on cancer cells such as MCF-7, HOS, and HepG2, the simultaneously encapsulated C2-ceramide shows apoptosis. Therefore, the present results could provide a new method for mesoporous material as drug delivery system.

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