scholarly journals Change of refractive indices in ternary mixtures containing chlorobenzene + n-hexane + (n-heptane or n-octane) at 298.15 K

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Touriño ◽  
M. Hervello ◽  
V. Moreno ◽  
G. Marino ◽  
M. Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Composition Diagram ◽  
Derived Properties ◽  
Semi Empirical

The refractive indices of ternary mixtures of chlorobenzene + n-hexane (n-heptane or n-octane) have been measured at 298.15 K and at atmospheric pressure over the whole composition diagram. Parameters of polynomial equations which represent the composition dependence of physical and derived properties are gathered. The experimental refractive indices and the ternary derived properties are compared with the data obtained using several predictive semi-empirical models. The use of the Soave?Redlich?Kwong (SRK) and the Peng?Robinson (PR) cubic equations of state with the Van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule, which incorporate different combining rules to predict refractive indices on mixing, are tested against the measured results, good agrement being obtained.

scholarly journals Refractive indices of ternary liquid mixtures containing aliphatic alcohols at several temperatures

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Sovilj ◽  
Branislava Barjaktarovic
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Mole Fraction Range ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Refractive Index Deviations

The refractive indices of ternary liquid mixtures (2-propanol+2-butanol+ethanol) and (chloroform+2-propanol+2-butanol) were measured at 20, 25, 30, and 35?C, and atmospheric pressure. The results were used to calculate the refractive index deviations over the entire mole fraction range for the mixtures. The refractive index deviations for the ternary mixtures were further fitted to empirical correlations (Cibulka Nagata-Tamura, and Lopez et al) to estimate the ternary fitting parameters. Standard deviations and average percentage deviations from the regression lines are shown. The best fit was obtained by the Nagata-Tamura empirical correlation. Some of the existing predictive equations for the refractive index deviations (Tsao-Smith, K?hler, and Colinet) were tested.

scholarly journals Refractometric study on binary, ternary, and quaternary solutions made by water, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, D-glucose monohydrate (DGMH), sucrose, and sodium chloride at T = 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardad Koohyar ◽  
Javad Nasiri ◽  
Farhoush Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Binary Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Semi Empirical

The glycerol, D-glucose monohydrate (DGMH), sucrose, and sodium chloride are used in food industries and the measurement of properties for these components and their aqueous solutions can be important. In this research work, the refractive indices for binary solutions of (methanol + glycerol), (ethanol + glycerol), ternary solutions of (water + glycerol + DGMH), (water + glycerol + sucrose), (water + sucrose + DGMH), (water + sucrose + ethanol), (water + ethanol + DGMH), (water + NaCl + DGMH), (water + methanol + NaCl), (water + ethanol + NaCl), (water + NaCl + glycerol), (water + sucrose + NaCl), and quaternary solutions of (water + ethanol + sucrose + DGMH), (water + ethanol + sucrose + glycerol), (water + NaCl + sucrose + glycerol) were measured in wide range of mole fractions at T = 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure. For binary solutions of this study, the changes of refractive index on mixing, ∆nD, were calculated in each mole fraction at T = 293.15 K. Also, the refractive index of binary solutions was fitted by a semi-empirical equation. The constant of this equation, Kr, was represented by Koohyar et al. in 2011. This constant can be used to investigate power of interactions between solute and solvent molecules. For ternary and quaternary solutions of this study, a semi-empirical equation was used to determine refractive indices at given temperature. The comparison between calculated and experimental refractive indices shows that there is a good agreement between them especially in lower molal concentrations.    

scholarly journals Influence of temperature on the volumetric properties of ethanol + water + 1-pentanol

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Resa ◽  
C. Gonzáles ◽  
J.M. Goenaga ◽  
M. Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Excess Molar Volumes ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Derived Properties ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Homogeneous Composition

Knowledge of physical properties and phase equilibria is necessary for the design and optimization of the equipment for the production of distilled alcoholic beverages. In this paper the temperature dependence of the excess molar volumes of the ternary system ethanol + water + 1-pentanol in the temperature range 228.15 ? 323.15 K and atmospheric pressure, are presented due to the importance of 1-pentanol among the flavour compounds contained in this type of beverages. The excess molar volumes are negative over the whole homogeneous composition range, but tend to positive values towards the binaries ethanol + 1-pentanol and water + 1-pentanol. Because the design of current processes is strongly computer oriented, consideration was also given to how accurate the predictions of the SRK equations of state are. Different derived properties were computed due to their importance in the study of specific molecular interactions.

Properties of Refrigerants from Cubic Equations of State

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Feroiu ◽  
Dan Geana ◽  
Catinca Secuianu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Saturation Curve ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Vapour � liquid equilibrium, thermodynamic and volumetric properties were predicted for three pure hydrofluorocarbons: difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2 � tetrafluoroethane (R134a) as well as for binary and ternary mixtures of these refrigerants. Three cubic equations of state GEOS3C, SRK (Soave � Redlich � Kwong) and PR (Peng � Robinson) were used. A wide comparison with literature experimental data was made. For the refrigerant mixtures, classical van der Waals mixing rules without interaction parameters were used. The GEOS3C equation, with three parameters estimated by matching several points on the saturation curve (vapor pressure and corresponding liquid volumes), compares favorably to other equations in literature, being simple enough for applications.

scholarly journals A METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR THE SYSTEM: BENZENE – ETHYL ALCOHOL – CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (3) ◽  
pp. 228-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
S. I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

The densities and refractive indices (Nc) of binary and ternary mixtures of benzene, ethyl alcohol, and carbon tetrachloride have been determined at 25 °C. From these data, a method for the analysis of ternary liquid mixtures of these components has been developed. The limit of accuracy in the analysis of ternary mixtures of the pure components is 0.3%. The method can be applied to the analysis of commercial materials with an accuracy of 2.0%.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation and modeling of thermophysical and extraction properties of choline chloride + DL-malic acid based deep eutectic solvent

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1287-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Vuksanovic ◽  
Nina Todorovic ◽  
Mirjana Kijevcanin ◽  
Slobodan Serbanovic ◽  
Ivona Radovic
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Extraction Ability ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Extraction Properties

The ability of non-toxic and biodegradable deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline chloride + DL-malic acid in mole ratio 1:1, for the breaking of the azeotropes heptane + methanol and toluene + methanol by means of liquid? ?liquid extraction was evaluated. Ternary liquid?liquid equilibrium experiments were performed at 298.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Densities, viscosities and refractive indices of DES + methanol and water + DES systems were experimentally determined over a wide temperature range and at atmospheric pressure. Additionally, the viscosities of DES + glycerol mixture were - determined at temperatures up to 363.15 K to check how much the addition of glycerol decreases high viscosities of DES. The results indicate that the addition of small amounts of water or glycerol as a third component significantly decreases the viscosity of the investigated deep eutectic solvent. Based on the selectivity and distribution ratio values, the extraction ability of the investigated deep eutectic solvent, in comparison with the conventionally used solvents, yields promising results. Non-random two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) models were satisfactorily applied for correlation of experimental phase equilibrium data for two ternary mixtures.

Critical States of Ternary Mixtures and Equations of State

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Spear ◽  
Robert L. Robinson ◽  
Kwang-Chu Chao
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of State ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Critical States

scholarly journals Viscosity of liquid Na-K alloy

BIBECHANA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Koirala ◽  
B. P. Singh ◽  
I. S. Jha ◽  
D. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Enthalpy Of Mixing ◽  
Mixing Properties ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Theoretical Assessment

The present work reports a theoretical assessment of the composition dependence of mixing properties of liquid Na-K alloy at 384K at fixed pressure, most likely, at the atmospheric pressure. In this work we have estimated the interaction energy in the alloy at the mentioned temperature on the basis of quasi-chemical approximation for regular alloy and employed it to work out basic thermodynamic properties of mixing such as free energy of mixing, entropy of mixing and enthalpy of mixing as function of composition of the alloy. To understand the dynamic behaviour in the liquid Na-K alloy, we have carried out theoretical investigation of viscosity under consideration of Moelwyn-Hughes equation by using data for enthalpy of mixing obtained from quasi-chemical approximation. Due to scanty of experimental data on viscosity of Na-K alloy at 384K, we have performed computation of viscosity also from Kaptay equation for comparison. The calculations have shown that there is a good match between theoretically computed thermodynamic functions and the available corresponding experimental data. The sets of viscosity values obtained against composition from the two equations show deviations from the ideality and themselves are reasonably comparable to each other.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11797BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 128-137

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