scholarly journals Refractive indices of ternary liquid mixtures containing aliphatic alcohols at several temperatures

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Sovilj ◽  
Branislava Barjaktarovic
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Mole Fraction Range ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Refractive Index Deviations

The refractive indices of ternary liquid mixtures (2-propanol+2-butanol+ethanol) and (chloroform+2-propanol+2-butanol) were measured at 20, 25, 30, and 35?C, and atmospheric pressure. The results were used to calculate the refractive index deviations over the entire mole fraction range for the mixtures. The refractive index deviations for the ternary mixtures were further fitted to empirical correlations (Cibulka Nagata-Tamura, and Lopez et al) to estimate the ternary fitting parameters. Standard deviations and average percentage deviations from the regression lines are shown. The best fit was obtained by the Nagata-Tamura empirical correlation. Some of the existing predictive equations for the refractive index deviations (Tsao-Smith, K?hler, and Colinet) were tested.

scholarly journals A METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR THE SYSTEM: BENZENE – ETHYL ALCOHOL – CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (3) ◽  
pp. 228-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
S. I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

The densities and refractive indices (Nc) of binary and ternary mixtures of benzene, ethyl alcohol, and carbon tetrachloride have been determined at 25 °C. From these data, a method for the analysis of ternary liquid mixtures of these components has been developed. The limit of accuracy in the analysis of ternary mixtures of the pure components is 0.3%. The method can be applied to the analysis of commercial materials with an accuracy of 2.0%.

scholarly journals Refractive Indices of Aqueous Solutions of Isomeric Butylamines at 303.15 K: Experimental and Correlative Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1030
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. R. Khan ◽  
Mohammed Sohel ◽  
Md. Ariful Islam ◽  
Faisal I Chowdhury ◽  
Shamim Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Tert Butylamine ◽  
Derived Properties ◽  
Mole Fraction Range

Refractive indices () and densities (r) of water (W) + n-butylamine (NBA), + sec-butylamine (SBA) and + tert-butylamine (TBA) systems had been measured in the whole range of composition at 303.15 K, from which deviation in refractive index (DnD ) molar refraction (Rm) and excess molar refraction () had been evaluated. All of the derived properties were fitted to appropriate polynomials. DnD were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. Values of DnD were all positive and were all negative which were attributed to cross hydrogen bonding, specific interactions as well as interstitial accommodation effect. A comparative study of Lorentz-Lorenz (L-L), Weiner (W), Heller (H), Gladstone-Dale (G-D), Arago-Biot (A-B), Eykman (Eyk), Newton (Nw), Eyring-John (E-J) and Oster (Os) relations for determining the refractive index of a liquid had been carried out to test their validity for the three binaries over the entire mole fraction range of butylamines at 303.15 K.

scholarly journals Densities, Viscosities and Refractive Indices of Ternary System Cyclohexane + Cyclohexanol + Cyclohexanone at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Budeanu ◽  
Vasile Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Experimental Values

Densities (r), viscosities (h) and refractive indices (nD) of the ternary system cyclohexane + cyclohexanol + cyclohexanone were measured at 293.15, 298.15 and 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The experimental values of densities and viscosities were correlated with temperature using a linear equation and Guzman equation respectively. Viscosity results were fitted with Grunberg-Nissan equation and Heric-Brewer equation. Different refractive index mixing rules (Arago-Biot, Dale-Glastone, Newton and Lorentz-Lorenz) were studied for this ternary system. The functions of activation of viscous flow were also calculated and their variations with compositions have been discussed.

scholarly journals Some temperature refraction coefficients of optical glass

1915 ◽  
Vol 91 (629) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Optical Glass ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Temperature Coefficients

In a previous paper, the refractive indices of a number of typical samples of glass were given, but temperature coefficients—although measured—were omitted at the time. The late Sir David Gill having shortly before his death expressed a wish that they should be published, the following paper complies with this desire. In addition a table is given of the refractive indices of glass meltings since measured, together with an account of an attempt to determine, if only approximately, the influence of atmospheric pressure (barometer changes) on measurements of refractive index generally.

scholarly journals Change of refractive indices in ternary mixtures containing chlorobenzene + n-hexane + (n-heptane or n-octane) at 298.15 K

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Touriño ◽  
M. Hervello ◽  
V. Moreno ◽  
G. Marino ◽  
M. Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Composition Diagram ◽  
Derived Properties ◽  
Semi Empirical

The refractive indices of ternary mixtures of chlorobenzene + n-hexane (n-heptane or n-octane) have been measured at 298.15 K and at atmospheric pressure over the whole composition diagram. Parameters of polynomial equations which represent the composition dependence of physical and derived properties are gathered. The experimental refractive indices and the ternary derived properties are compared with the data obtained using several predictive semi-empirical models. The use of the Soave?Redlich?Kwong (SRK) and the Peng?Robinson (PR) cubic equations of state with the Van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule, which incorporate different combining rules to predict refractive indices on mixing, are tested against the measured results, good agrement being obtained.

scholarly journals Density and Comparative Refractive Index Study on Mixing Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Eucalyptol with Hydrocarbons at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Sharma ◽  
Pragnesh B. Patel ◽  
Rignesh S. Patel ◽  
J. J. Vora
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Binary Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Mixing Properties ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Index Study ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mole Fraction Range

Density and refractive index have been experimentally determined for binary liquid mixtures of eucalyptol with hydrocarbons (o-xylene,m-xylene and toluene) at 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K. A comparative study of Lorentz-Lorenz (L-L), Weiner (W), Heller (H), Gladstone-Dale (G-D), Arago-Biot (A-B), Eykman (Eyk), Newton (Nw), Eyring-John (E-J) and Oster (Os) relations for determining the refractive index of a liquid has been carried out to test their validity for the three binaries over the entire mole fraction range of eucalyptol at 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K. Comparison of various mixing rules has been expressed in terms of average deviation. From the experimentally measured values, refractive index deviations at different temperatures have been computed and fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive the binary coefficients and standard deviations.

scholarly journals Measuring the refractive index of a methanol - water mixture according to the wavelength

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Dung Tien Nguyen ◽  
Le Canh Trung ◽  
Nguyen Duy Cuong ◽  
Ho Dinh Quang ◽  
Dinh Xuan Khoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
White Light ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Spectral Interferometry ◽  
Binary Liquid

The refractive index of the methanol-water mixture depending on the wavelength at different concentrations was determined by our experimental method using a Michelson interferometer system. A comparative study of Gladstone-Dale, Arago–Biot and Newton relations for predicting the refractive index of a liquid has been carried out to test their validity for the methanol-water mixture with the different concentrations 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The comparison shows the good agreement between our experimental results and the results in the expressions studied over the wavelength range approximately from 450 to 850 nm. Full Text: PDF ReferencesS. Sharma, P.B. Patel, R.S. Patel, "Density and Comparative Refractive Index Study on Mixing Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Eucalyptol with Hydrocarbons at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K", E-Journal of Chemistry 4(3), 343 (2007). CrossRef A. Gayathri, T. Venugopal, R. Padmanaban, K. Venkatramanan, R. Vijayalakshmi, "A comparative study of experimental and theoretical refractive index of binary liquid mixtures using mathematical methods", IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 390, 012116 (2018). CrossRef A. Jahan, M.A. Alam, M.A.R. Khan, S. Akhtar, "Refractive Indices for the Binary Mixtures of N, N-Dimethylformamide with 2-Butanol and 2-Pentanol at Temperatures 303.15 K, 313.15 K, and 323.15 K", American Journal of Physical Chemistry 7(4), 55 (2018). CrossRef N. An, B. Zhuang, M. Li, Y. Lu, Z. Wang, "Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study of Refractive Indices of Water–Acetonitrile–Salt Systems", J. Phys. Chem. B 119(33), 10701 (2015). CrossRef M. Upadhyay, S.U. Lego, "Refractive Index of Acetone-Water mixture at different concentrations", American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics 20(1), 77 (2017). CrossRef T.H. Barnes, K.Matsumoto, T. Eiju, K. Matsuda, N. Ooyama, "Grating interferometer with extremely high stability, suitable for measuring small refractive index changes", Appl. Opt. 30, 745 (1991). CrossRef B. W. Grange, W. H. Stevenson, R. Viskanta, "Refractive index of liquid solutions at low temperatures: an accurate measurement", Applied Optics 15(4), 858 (1976). CrossRef P. Hlubina, "White-light spectral interferometry with the uncompensated Michelson interferometer and the group refractive index dispersion in fused silica", Optics Communications 193(1-6), 1 (2001). CrossRef P. Hlubina, W. Urbanczyk, "Dispersion of the group birefringence of a calcite crystal measured by white-light spectral interferometry", Meas. Sci. Technol. 16(6), 1267 (2005). CrossRef P. Hlubina, D. Ciprian, L. Knyblová, "Direct measurement of dispersion of the group refractive indices of quartz crystal by white-light spectral interferometry", Optics Communications 269(1), 8 (2007). CrossRef S. R. Kachiraju, D. A. Gregory, "Determining the refractive index of liquids using a modified Michelson interferometer", Optics & Laser Technology 44(8), 2361 (2012). CrossRef F. Gladstone, D. Dale, "XXXVI. On the influence of temperature on the refraction of light", Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 148, 887 (1858). CrossRef D.F.J. Arago, J.B. Biot, Mem. Acad. Fr. 15, 7 (1806). CrossRef Kurtz S S and Ward A L J, "The refractivity intercept and the specific refraction equation of Newton. I. development of the refractivity intercept and comparison with specific refraction equations", Franklin Inst. 222, 563-592 (1936). CrossRef K. Moutzouris, M. Papamichael, S. C. Betsis, I. Stavrakas, G. Hloupis, D. Triantis, "Refractive, dispersive and thermo-optic properties of twelve organic solvents in the visible and near-infrared", Appl. Phys. B 116, 617 (2013). CrossRef S. Kedenburg, M. Vieweg, T. Gissibl, H. Giessen, "Linear refractive index and absorption measurements of nonlinear optical liquids in the visible and near-infrared spectral region", Opt. Mater. Express 2(11), 1588 (2012). CrossRef

scholarly journals Refractometric study on binary, ternary, and quaternary solutions made by water, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, D-glucose monohydrate (DGMH), sucrose, and sodium chloride at T = 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardad Koohyar ◽  
Javad Nasiri ◽  
Farhoush Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Binary Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Semi Empirical

The glycerol, D-glucose monohydrate (DGMH), sucrose, and sodium chloride are used in food industries and the measurement of properties for these components and their aqueous solutions can be important. In this research work, the refractive indices for binary solutions of (methanol + glycerol), (ethanol + glycerol), ternary solutions of (water + glycerol + DGMH), (water + glycerol + sucrose), (water + sucrose + DGMH), (water + sucrose + ethanol), (water + ethanol + DGMH), (water + NaCl + DGMH), (water + methanol + NaCl), (water + ethanol + NaCl), (water + NaCl + glycerol), (water + sucrose + NaCl), and quaternary solutions of (water + ethanol + sucrose + DGMH), (water + ethanol + sucrose + glycerol), (water + NaCl + sucrose + glycerol) were measured in wide range of mole fractions at T = 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure. For binary solutions of this study, the changes of refractive index on mixing, ∆nD, were calculated in each mole fraction at T = 293.15 K. Also, the refractive index of binary solutions was fitted by a semi-empirical equation. The constant of this equation, Kr, was represented by Koohyar et al. in 2011. This constant can be used to investigate power of interactions between solute and solvent molecules. For ternary and quaternary solutions of this study, a semi-empirical equation was used to determine refractive indices at given temperature. The comparison between calculated and experimental refractive indices shows that there is a good agreement between them especially in lower molal concentrations.    

scholarly journals Viscosity modelling of tri-n-butyl phosphate + benzene mixtures at 308.15K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5496-5499
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Interaction Parameters ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Double Interaction ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Mathematical Relations

Dynamic viscosities () of a binary liquid system: Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) + benzene have been experimentally measured over the entire range (X1) of TBP at temperature 308.15K and pressure 0.1MPa. The dynamic viscosity of liquid mixtures hasbeen calculated using five mathematical relations of zero adjustable parameters such as Croenaurer-Rothfus- Kermore relation, Gambrill relation, Bingham relation, Kendall-Munroe relation and Arrhenius – Eyring relation. The validity of these relations has been verified separately by taking the average percentage deviations (APD) and root mean square deviation relative (RMSDs) between experimental and computed values and displayed graphically. Furthermore, the mixture viscosities have been correlated with those predicted one by using another six models of single and double adjustable / interaction parameters such as Grunberg-Nissan, Katti and Chaudhri, Hind, Tamura -Kurata, Heric and Eyring-Margules. A comparison between theoretical and experimental values of viscosity divulges that Gambrill’s relation predicts the data reasonably well in case of zero adjustable parameters whereas Eyring-Margules shows the best fit in case of single and double interaction parameters.

scholarly journals Viscosities and refractive indices of binary systems acetone+1-propanol, acetone+1,2-propanediol and acetone+1,3-propanediol

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emila Zivkovic ◽  
Mirjana Kijevcanin ◽  
Ivona Radovic ◽  
Slobodan Serbanovic
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Viscosity Deviations ◽  
Kister Equation

Viscosities and refractive indices of three binary systems, acetone+1-propanol, acetone+1,2-propanediol and acetone+1,3-propanediol, were measured at eight temperatures (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15, 323.15)K and at atmospheric pressure. From these data viscosity deviations and deviations in refractive index were calculated and fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation. The viscosity modelling was done by two types of models: predictive UNIFAC-VISCO and ASOG VISCO and correlative Teja-Rice and McAlister equations. The refractive indices of binary mixtures were predicted by various mixing rules and compared with experimental data.

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