scholarly journals Oil pollutants in alluvial sediments: Influence of the intensity of contact with ground waters on the effect of microorganisms

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Solevic ◽  
Branimir Jovancicevic ◽  
Miroslav Vrvic ◽  
Hermann Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Number ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Aqueous Emulsion ◽  
Alluvial Sediments ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Aqueous Layer ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Algal Type ◽  
Alluvial Formation

The influence of the intensity of interaction between oil pollutants and ground waters in alluvial sediments on the effect of microbial activity was investigated in this work. The study was based on a comparison of detailed analyses of two fractions of an oil pollutant originating from a Danube alluvial formation near the Pancevo Oil Refinery: fraction 1, separated from the aqueous layer by decantation, presumed to have been in less intensive interaction with water, and fraction 2, isolated from the aqueous emulsion by extraction with chloroform, presumed to have been in stronger interaction with water. Both fractions were shown to originate from the same type of oil pollutant. Nevertheless, significant compositional differences between the two fractions were observed. Asignificantly pronounced domination of even carbon number homologues of C18?C24 n-alkanes in fraction 2, atypical for crude oil pollutants, compared to the corresponding distribution observed in fraction 1, suggested a more intense activity, i.e., a much better effect of microorganisms in direct contact with the oil pollutant within the aqueous environment. The identification of even carbon number C14?C18 n-alcohols and C14?C18 fatty acids, as well as cholesterol, in fraction 2, suggested that microorganisms of the algal type in non-photosynthetic conditions were most probably responsible for the mentioned microbial processes.

scholarly journals Application of biological markers for the identification of oil-type pollutants in recent sediments: Alluvial formation of the Danube river, Oil refinery Pancevo

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Rasovic ◽  
Branimir Jovancicevic ◽  
Dusan Sladic ◽  
Zoran Kljajic ◽  
Georg Scheeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Markers ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Alluvial Formation ◽  
Oil Type

The purpose of this paper was to examine to which extent the abundance and distribution of certain biological markers may be used for the identification of oil-type pollutants in recent sediments and ground waters. The samples were taken from the area of the Oil Refinery Pancevo (alluvial formation of the Danube River). The organic matter of the investigated samples was isolated using an extraction method with chloroform. The group composition and usual biological markers were analyzed in the obtained extracts. n-Alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids, pristane and phytane were analyzed using gas chromatographie (GC) analysis of saturated hydrocarbons. Polycyclic alkanes of the sterane and terpane type were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), i.e. by analyzing the carbamide non-adduct of the total alkane fraction (Single Ion Monitoring SIM-technique). The obtained results indicate that n-alkanes can be used for the identification of oil-type pollutants (for example, if the oil-pollutant is biodegraded or present in very low concentrations), and steranes and triterpanes can be used as very reliable indicators of oil-type pollution in recent sediments and ground waters.

scholarly journals Transformation of a petroleum pollutant during soil bioremediation experiments

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jovancicevic ◽  
M. Antic ◽  
M. Vrvic ◽  
M. Ilic ◽  
M. Novakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Alluvial Formation ◽  
Oil Type ◽  
Petroleum Pollutant

The experiment of ex situ soil bioremediation was performed at the locality of the Oil Refinery in Pancevo (alluvial formation of the Danube River, Serbia) polluted with an oil type pollutant. The experiments of biostimulation, bioventilation and reinoculation of an autochthonous microbial consortium were performed during the six-month period (May-November 2006). The changes in the quantity and composition of the pollutant, or the bioremediation effect, were monitored by analysis of the samples of the polluted soil taken in time spans of two weeks. In this way, from the beginning until the end of the experiment, 12 samples were collected and marked as P1-P12 (Pancevo 1-Pancevo 12). The results obtained showed that more significant changes in the composition of the oil pollutant occurred only during the last phases of the experiment (P8-P12). The activity of microorganisms was reflected in the increase of the quantity of polar oil fractions, mainly fatty acid fractions. In this way, the quantity of total eluate increased, and the quantity of the insoluble residue was reduced to a minimum, whereby the oil pollutant was transformed to a form that could be removed more efficiently and more completely from the soil, as a segment of the environment.

Speciations of trace metals in the Danube alluvial sediments within an oil refinery

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
D RELIC ◽  
D DORDEVIC ◽  
A POPOVIC ◽  
T BLAGOJEVIC
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Alluvial Sediments

scholarly journals Bosting an Oil Refinery into a Biorefinery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Luana Chiarello ◽  
Tuanne Porto ◽  
António Barros ◽  
Edésio Simionatto ◽  
Vanderleia Botton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Characteristics ◽  
Acid Index

The use of biofuels is increasingly important in order to mitigate the consumption of petroleum and increase the energy use of renewable sources. The estimative is that in 2040 the demand for oil will intensificate by 26% and part of it will have to be supplied by renewable energy. Biofuels offer a reliable alternative and among the process associated to biofuels production, thermal cracking results on a liquid product (bio-oil) with similar characteristics to the fossil fuels, particularly when performed with triglyceride sources (TG). In this sense, the main goal of this work is to propose an alternative sequence of chemical processes aiming to boost an oil refinery chain into a green refinery by producing, co-processing and improving bio-oil characteristics obtained from triglyceride source. Some bio-oil characteristics like density, acidity (AI), iodine index (II), oxygen content (OC), carbon number distribution and chemical compositions are presented. The properties of bio-oil obtained from the thermal cracking of triglycerides might be compared to petroleum and its derivate. Although the characteristics are similar between them, the bio-oil requires upgrading to reduce its high acid index, until achieve levels acceptable for its processing at a refinery. The content of olefins and oxygen might be reduced through hydrotreatment process. The hydrotreatment can promote the saturation of the double bonds and remove the oxygen atoms. The hydrotreatment unit is present in most of the refineries and further investigations are required to evaluate the hydrogen consumption. The proposal of this work is divided in four steps: the first is to produce bio-oil through triglyceride’s thermal cracking in a continuous and steady state regime; the second process is to promote the esterification of bio-oil to reduce its acid index; the third stage is co-processing bio-oil in a distillation unit being fractionated into desired fractions; the fourth step involves hydrotreatment to reduce both iodine index and oxygen content. Thus, the co-processing of bio-oil appears to be a promising approach to increasing the biofuels content in an oil refinery, to reduce sulfur and to maintain the quality parameters of commercial fuels.

Organic-geochemical Differentiation of Petroleum-type Pollutants and Study of Their Fate in Danube Alluvial Sediments and Corresponding Water (Pančevo Oil Refinery, Serbia)

2007 ◽  
Vol 183 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branimir Jovančićević ◽  
Miroslav Vrvić ◽  
Jan Schwarzbauer ◽  
Hermann Wehner ◽  
Georg Scheeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Alluvial Sediments

Prospects for scanned-probe microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Revel
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Material Scientist ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanned Probe Microscopy

In the last 50+ years the electron microscope and allied instruments have led the way as means to acquire spatially resolved information about very small objects. For the material scientist and the biologist both, imaging using the information derived from the interaction of electrons with the objects of their concern, has had limitations. Material scientists have been handicapped by the fact that their samples are often too thick for penetration without using million volt instruments. Biologists have been handicapped both by the problem of contrast since most biological objects are composed of elements of low Z, and also by the requirement that sample be placed in high vacuum. Cells consist of 90% water, so elaborate precautions have to be taken to remove the water without losing the structure altogether. We are now poised to make another leap forwards because of the development of scanned probe microscopies, particularly the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The scanning probe instruments permit resolutions that electron microscopists still work very hard to achieve, if they have reached it yet. Probably the most interesting feature of the AFM technology, for the biologist in any case, is that it has opened the dream of high resolution in an aqueous environment. There are few restrictions on where the instrument can be used. AFMs can be made to work in high vacuum, allowing the material scientist to avoid contamination. The biologist can be made happy as well. The tips used for detection are made of silicon nitride,(Si3N4), and are essentially unaffected by exposure to physiological saline (about which more below). So here is an instrument which can look at living whole cells and at atoms as well.

CORROSION - Oil refinery problems at Aruba

1955 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Mars Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Refinery

Solution Properties and Phase Behavior of Ammonium Hexylene Octyl Succinate in Water and Water-Oil System

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hamidul Kabir ◽  
Ravshan Makhkamov ◽  
Shaila Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Lamellar Liquid Crystal ◽  
Drug Ingredient

The solution properties and phase behavior of ammonium hexylene octyl succinate (HOS) was investigated in water and water-oil system. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of HOS is lower than that of anionic surfactants having same carbon number in the lipophilic part. The phase diagrams of a water/ HOS system and water/ HOS/ C10EO8/ dodecane system were also constructed. Above critical micelle concentration, the surfactant forms a normal micellar solution (Wm) at a low surfactant concentration whereas a lamellar liquid crystalline phase (La) dominates over a wide region through the formation of a two-phase region (La+W) in the binary system. The lamellar phase is arranged in the form of a biocompatible vesicle which is very significant for the drug delivery system. The surfactant tends to be hydrophilic when it is mixed with C10EO8 and a middle-phase microemulsion (D) is appeared in the water-surfactant-dodecane system where both the water and oil soluble drug ingredient can be incorporated in the form of a dispersion. Hence, mixing can tune the hydrophile-lipophile properties of the surfactant. Key words: Ammonium hexylene octyl succinate, mixed surfactant, lamellar liquid crystal, middle-phase microemulsion. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

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