scholarly journals Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Bi-Cu-Sn lead-free solder alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kopyto ◽  
G. Garzel ◽  
L.A. Zabdyr
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Tin Content

The electromotive force measurement method was employed to determine the thermodynamic properties of liquid Bi-Cu-Sn alloys using solid electrolyte galvanic cells as shown below: Kanthal+Re, Bi-Cu-Sn, SnO2 | Yttria Stabilized Zirconia | air, Pt, Po2=0.2:1 atm Measurements were carried out for three cross-sections with constant Bi/Cu ratio equal to: 1/3, 1 and 3 and for various tin content varying every 10%, resulting in a total of 26 different alloy compositions. The temperature of the measurements varied within the range from 973 to 1325 K. A linear dependence of the e.m.f. on temperature was observed for all alloy compositions and the appropriate line equations were derived. Tin activities were calculated as function of composition and temperature. Results were presented in tables and figures.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn lead-free solder alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Garzel ◽  
M. Kopyto ◽  
L.A. Zabdyr
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Almost All

The electromotive force measurement method was employed to determine the thermodynamic properties of liquid Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn alloys using solid electrolyte galvanic cells as shown below: Kanthal+Re, Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn, SnO2 | Yttria Stabilized Zirconia | air, Pt, Experiments were made within temperature interval: 950 - 1300K along four composition paths of constant ratios: XAg : XBi : XCu = 1, XAg : (XBi + XCu) = 3:2 for XBi = XCu, XBi : (XAg + XCu) = 3:2 for XAg = XCu and XCu : (XAg + XBi) = 3:2 for XAg = XBi and tin concentration changing from 0.1 to 0.9 mole fractions, every 0.1. Almost all the results were approximated by straight line equations: EMF vs T, and tin activities were then calculated in arbitrary temperature; measurement results were presented by graphs. Unusual activity plot for XBi : (XAg + XCu) = 3:2 composition path was most probably caused by miscibility gap detected earlier in Bi-Cu-Sn ternary liquid alloys.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic properties of Al in ternary lead-free solder Al-Sn-Zn alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisau A. Odusote ◽  
Adewumi I. Popoola ◽  
Kayode D. Adedayo ◽  
Samuel T. Ogunjo
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Volume Model ◽  
Molecular Interaction Volume Model ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Zn Alloys

AbstractThermodynamic properties of Al were calculated using the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) by analyzing the activities of components in the constitutive binary Al-Sn, Al-Zn and Sn-Zn subsystems of the ternary lead-free solder Al-Sn-Zn systems. The activities of Al content in the ternary system at three cross-sections with constant molar ratios of Sn:Zn = 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, respectively, were calculated and compared with available experimental data at 973 K. Based on the agreement between the calculated activity values and corresponding literature data for Al-Sn-Zn alloys and their subsystems, the activity of Al content in the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system was estimated at the same cross-sections and mole ratios in the temperature range of 1073 K to 1373 K, respectively. It has been observed through the computed activity values of Al that the thermodynamic properties of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn systems do not change appreciably with temperature across the molar sections.

Composition-Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Ionic-Electronic Composite

1997 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Park ◽  
G. M. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Ionic Charge ◽  
Polarization Technique

ABSTRACTComposition. dependence of electrical conductivity of ionic-electronic composite was camined using yttria(8mol%) stabilized zirconia-NiO composites. The contributions of ectronic and ionic charge carriers to the electrical conductivity were determined by Hebb-Vagner polarization technique and electromotive force measurement of galvanic cell. Up to 6 sol% NiO addition, the conductivity decreased since the electronic NiO acted as an insulator in onic matrix. However the ionic transport was dominant until NiO content reaches 26 vol%. Mixed conduction was observed between 26 and 68 vol% of NiO. The effects of composition on he electrical properties were explained by the microstructure and thus by the distribution of two hases.

Medium-Low-Temperature NO2 Sensor Based on YSZ Solid Electrolyte and Mesoporous WO3 Sensing Electrode for Detection of Vehicle Emissions

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150083
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Chuning Jiang ◽  
Xiaohong Zheng ◽  
Xin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Mixed Potential ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
No2 Sensor ◽  
Hard Template Method

A mixed potential-type NO2 sensor was fabricated using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the electrolyte and mesoporous WO3 as the sensing electrode for the detection of NO2 in vehicle exhausts. The mesoporous WO3 with a diameter of 7 nm was synthesized using the hard template method. The sensor showed excellent performance in the detection of 30–500[Formula: see text]ppm of NO2 at 300∘C and 500∘C. However, commercial WO3 only operate well at 500∘C. The response of the mesoporous WO3 was higher and the test temperature was lower compared to that of commercial WO3. XPS combined with NO2-TPD was used to explain the high activity of mesoporous WO3 at medium-low temperature, and the mechanism of mixed electromotive force was verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited high NO2 selectivity in the presence of interfering gases, such as NO, CO, CO2 and NH3. Most importantly, the sensor had excellent repeatability and stability.

Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ag–Cu–Sn lead-free solder alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 122 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kopyto ◽  
Boguslaw Onderka ◽  
Leszek A. Zabdyr
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Free Solder
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