scholarly journals Effects of the environmental characters on germination properties of seeds of Thymus daenensis and T.vulgaris

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrab Yadegari
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Germination Indices

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity, temperature, pH and sowing depth on germination characters of two species of thyme in 2017. Two separate experiments with four replications using a randomized complete design were conducted in laboratory conditions. Treatments contained: a) fluctuating temperatures in a germinator 5/15, 10/20, 15/25, 15/30 and 20/3500C (day/night), b) concentrations of salinity by using solutions of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mM NaCl, c) sowing depths of 0, 1.5, 3 and 6 cm, pH values of 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. Results showed that the effects of different treatments were significant on germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigour. In most cases, upper concentrations of treatments had negative effects on germination indices. The emergence decreased with an increased concentration of salinity, planting depth and pH. In both species, the highest germination percentage (94%) was obtained in the combination treatment of 15/25C (day/night), 0 mM of NaCl, 1 cm of planting depth and pH=7. Germination was stopped in the combination of treatments of 35/20 (day/night), 320mM of NaCl, 6 cm of planting depth and pH=9. The combination of treatments in the upper level had a more inhibitory and destructive effect than single treatments.

Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽  
Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽  
Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽  
Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽  
Artemio Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on Germination Indices of Two Thymus Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khoshsokhan ◽  
M. Babalar ◽  
H. Chaghazardi ◽  
M. Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Medical Plants ◽  
West Azerbaijan ◽  
Germination Indices ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on Germination Indices of Two Thymus SpeciesThe environmental stress such as, salinity (soil or water) and drought are serious obstacles for medical plants and field crops in further areas of the world, especially arid and semiarid regions. In order to investigate salinity and drought stress onT. daenensisand T.kotschyanusgermination indices, an experiment was carried out. To create salinity stress, sodium chloride (NaCl) at the levels of 0 (as control), -3, -6 and -9 bar, and for drought stress, polyetylenglycol 6000 (PEG 6000) in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -3, -6 and -9 bar were used. Effect of drought and salt levels on investigated traits significant at 0.01. Result showed significance different between evaluated indices. Increasing of stress levels lead to reduction of germination and root and shoot length. Salt stress only in high levels reduced germination rate. Therefore,T. daenensisandT. kotschyanushave relative resistance to salinity in germination stage. Decrease in osmotic potential progressively inhibited seed germination of the two thyme species. In all salt treatments, maximum germination percentage inT. kotschyanusrelated to West Azerbaijan population and maximum germination rate related to Gazvin population. But in T. daenensis the highest values (both rate and percentage germination) were observed in Arak population. The germination rate of T.daenensisto the drought stress was more than theT. kotschyanusgermination rate like the germination percentage. Comparing the two stresses, it appears that drought has more effect than salt in germination indices.

scholarly journals Effect of seed priming with kinetin on germination indices and proline activity of Silybum marianum L. under drought stress conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Masoumi Zavariyan ◽  
Mojtaba Yousefi Rad ◽  
Mohsen Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germination Indices

For investigation of the effect of seed priming by kinetin on germination indices and proline activity of Silybum marianum  L. under drought stress, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factor includingdifferent concentrations of kinetin (0, 10 and 20 ppm) and different levels of drought stress including 0, -6 and -12 barat three replicates was carried out. According to the results, drought stress and kinetin individualy cause to decreases of germination percentage, germination rate, seedling length, seed vigor and seedling dry weight but uses of kinetin in drought stress condition improvment of them. Also, drought stress cause to increases of proline content and catalase activity. Therefore, seed priming with 10 ppm kinetin at drought stress was improved the germination indices of Silybum marianum L.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11919 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 6-11

scholarly journals The Variability of Seed Viability and Seed Vigour of Mindi (Melia azedarachlinn.) from Several Populations in The Community Forest of West Java

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Yulianti Bramasto ◽  
Nurheni Wijayanto ◽  
Iskandar Z Siregar ◽  
I.G.K. Tapa Darma
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
West Java ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Sources

The procurement of good quality seeds for the development of mindi (Melia azedarach L.) in the community forest is absolutely necessary. The purpose of this research is to investigate the diversity of the viability and seedling vigor of mindi from different populations with various treatments of dormancy breaking. The sample materials were mindi seeds that were collected from 6 locations (6 seed lots) or seed sources which were located in the community forest of West Java. There are 10 treatments of dormancy breaking that were applied in this study. The experiment design was Randomized Complete Design (RAL). The breaking dormancy  was focused to the delignification of hard seed coat.  Results showed that the most effective dormancy breaking for mindi seed was soaking in consentrated Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) as long as 30 to 45 minutes. The first count for germination of mindi was on the 16 day and the final count was on the 31 day.The average value of germination percentage (DB) for all seed sources was 40 %, while the highest which is 60% was mindi from Sumedang seed source. The highest value of germination rate that is 6,543%/etmal was seed  from Sumedangand seed from Gambung was the lowest (1,400 %/etmal). Keywords : community forest, Melia azedarach L., variation, viability, vigor.

scholarly journals Germination of Primed Seed under NaCl Stress in Wheat

ISRN Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Fuller ◽  
Jalal H. Hamza ◽  
Hail Z. Rihan ◽  
Mohammad Al-Issawi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Velocity ◽  
Germination Indices

Soil salinity affects a large and increasing amount of arable land worldwide, and genetic and agronomic solutions to increasing salt tolerance are urgently needed. Experiments were conducted to improve wheat seed performance under salinity stress conditions after priming. An experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of four replications for germination indices in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Caxton). Normal and primed seed with PEG6000 at  MPa and five concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) were tested. Results indicate that priming seed significantly () increased germination percentage at first count and final count, coefficient of velocity of germination, germination rate index, and mean germination time, while increasing of NaCl concentration significantly reduced it. Priming seed improved germination attributes at all NaCl concentration levels. The priming appeared to be able to overcome the effect of salt stress at 50 to 100 mM and reduce the effect of NaCl at higher concentrations up to 200 mM. The primed seed gave both faster germination and led to higher germination when under salt stress. We conclude that using priming techniques can effectively enhance the germination seed under saline condition.

An experimental comparison of germination ecology and its implication for conservation of selected rare and endangered species of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae)

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremi Kołodziejek ◽  
Jacek Patykowski ◽  
Mateusz Wala
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species

The germination requirements of four taxonomically related taxa of Dianthus (D. arenarius L. subsp. borussicus Vierh., D. carthusianorum L., D. gratianopolitanus Vill., and D. deltoides L.) were studied under controlled conditions in a laboratory. A set of experiments were conducted to evaluate seed germination responses to storage period and cold stratification, different hydrogen ion concentrations (pH), potassium nitrate ([Formula: see text]), temperatures, and light conditions. Experiments were also performed to study the effects of sowing depth and water supply on seedling emergence. There were no differences in germination between seeds incubated under light or dark conditions for any of the taxa we studied. Germination percentages increased significantly with increases in temperature. The taxa of Dianthus we studied showed similar responses to sand burial, i.e., seeds placed on or near the soil surface had maximum emergence, and emergence declined with increasing depth of seed burial. In the studied taxa, germination was reduced by declining osmotic potentials. Cold stratification increased the germination rate, but did not affect final germination percentage of Dianthus seeds. A higher concentration of nutritious solutions (KNO3) negatively affected the germination percentage. The results show that seeds of the studied taxa are potentially germinable in the species’ habitat at any time between April and October.

scholarly journals Germination response of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and arugula (Eruca sativa L.) to osmotic and salinity stresses

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid-Reza Fallahi ◽  
Golsoom Fadaeian ◽  
Marziyeh Gholami ◽  
Omolbanin Daneshkhah ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L ◽  
Germination Indices ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The use of genetic potential of forgotten plants such as grasspea and arugula is an appropriate strategy for increasing of plants tolerance to environmental stresses. Therefore, in this laboratory study the effects of different levels of osmotic (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12 and -14 bar caused by PEG) and salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mmol induced by NaCl) stresses were evaluated on germination indices of grasspea and arugula in four separate experiments. Arugula showed a suitable tolerance to osmotic stress, so that its germination percentage and rate at treatment of -10 bar were similar to control. Arugula had 79% germination at osmotic level of -14 bar, but its germination rate at this level was 60% lower than control. In addition, its radicle length until -8 bar and radicle dry weight up to -14 bar were higher than control treatment. However, all levels of salinity stress particularly treatments of more than 100-150 mmol decreased the germination indices of arugula. Germination percentage of arugula in 150 and 200 mmol treatments was 22 and 56% lower than control treatment, respectively. Grasspea had partially suitable tolerance to osmotic stress until -6 bar, but then intensified the reducing trends of its germination indices and finally reached to zero at -14 bar treatment. Moreover, salinity stress especially treatments of higher than 100 mmol decreased all germination indices of grasspea. Overall, arugula was a more tolerant plant especially to osmotic stress; therefore this forgotten plant can be used in agronomic and breeding programs in areas affected by drought stress.

Problems with using mean germination time to calculate rate of seed germination

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Soltani ◽  
Farshid Ghaderi-Far ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
Time Spread ◽  
Mean Time

Seed scientists and other plant biologists are interested in the measurement of germination because seeds from different individuals, populations, seed lots and treatments can differ in germination percentages, rate (speed) and uniformity. Mean time to germination (MGT) is a measure of the rate and time-spread of germination; however, there is a problem with using this method to calculate germination rate. MGT does not show the time from the start of imbibition to a specific germination percentage. MGT has been used to compare specific pairs or groups of means and to evaluate seed vigour. However, it is not the real time to mean germination but just an index of germination speed. Using MGT is not correct for ANOVA, post-ANOVA or the other comparison tests, because it does not show time to a specific germination percentage. Thus, we recommend that t50 be used instead of MGT. The t50 has all benefits of MGT, but it does not have the problems of MGT in treatment comparisons.

scholarly journals Effect of nutri-priming on germination indices and physiological characteristics of stevia seedling under salinity stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi ◽  
Heshmat Omidi ◽  
Seyed Jalal Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germination Indices

Abstract: Poor germination and low seedling growth of stevia (Stevia rebuadiana Bertoni) are common problems in the cultivation of the plant. On the other hand, salinity is one of the abiotic environmental stresses that reduce the performance of the product. The objective in this study was to assess the effect of nutri-priming with selenium (Se), iron (Fe) and boron (B) on stevia seed germination indices and physiological characteristics in sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity condition (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM). Results indicated that the effect of salinity in nutri-priming were significant on germination percentage, germination rate, germination uniformity, germination value, seedling length, seedling vigor index, total chlorophyll, free proline content and enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Salinity stress decreased the percentage and rate of germination and seed vigor, however, nutri-priming reduces the adverse effects of salinity stress. Salinity also reduced the amount of chlorophyll content, in spite of all that this decrease was very low in terms of nutri-priming with Se, Se+Fe and Se+Fe+B in high salinity level (90 mM). Salinity stress increased proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT and SOD, that nutri-priming especially with the Se more increased. The finding of this study leads to the conclusion that nutri-priming with nutrients, especially Se and Fe increased the antioxidant capacity of the plant to improve germination and seedling growth of stevia under salinity stress.

scholarly journals Effect of seed priming by pyridoxine on germination and biochemical indices in Silybum marianum L. under drought stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Masoumi Zavariyan ◽  
Mojtaba Yousefi Rad ◽  
Mohsen Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Germination Indices

In order to investigation of the effect of seed priming by pyridoxine on germination and biochemical indices of Silybum marianum L. under drought stress, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factor includingdifferent concentrations of pyridoxine including 0, 0.02% and 0.04% and different levels of drought stress including 0, -6 and -12 bar at three replicates was performed. The results indicated that drought stress affected measured indices at P<0.01 and pyridoxine significantly affected germination percentage and rate, seed vigor, mean time germination, seedling length and dry weight at P<0.01 and peroxidase activity at P<0.05. Interaction between the drought stress and pyridoxine was significantly (P<0.05) affected of germination rate and seed vigor. The results showed that with increasing drought stress, germination indices were decreased and biochemical indices were increased. Seed priming with pyridoxine cause to improvement of germination indices and decreases biochemical indices. According to the results, seed priming with 0.04% pyridoxine cause to improvement of germination indices at drought stress conditions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11921 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 17-22

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