scholarly journals Inheritance of mature leaf properties in grapevine progeny obtained by crossing Muscat Hamburg and Villard Blanc cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Dragan Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Blade Number ◽  
Inheritance Mode ◽  
Progeny Size ◽  
F1 Generation

and inheritance mode of six properties of the mature leaf (size of blade, number of lobes, shape of teeth, general shape of petiole sinus, density of prostrate and erect hairs between veins on the lower side of blade) were analyzed in 90 seedlings of the F1 generation from the crossing combination of Muscat Hamburg x Villard Blanc. The properties analyzed were classified according to the OIV system of classification and ?2 test was used to determine the inheritance mode. A substantial variability of the analyzed characteristics was recorded in the hybrid progeny. Size of blade, number of lobes, shape of teeth and general shape of petiole sinus were most probably affected by a great number of genetic factors. Monogenic inheritance was determined with regard to the density of prostrate and erect hairs between veins on the lower side of blade.

Inheritance mode of seed dormancy in the hybrid progeny of sesame, Sesamum indicum, and its wild relative, Sesamum mulayanum Nair

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
EIJI TANESAKA ◽  
EIKO UMEDA ◽  
MASAYUKI YAMAMOTO ◽  
KYOJIRO MASUDA ◽  
KYOJI YAMADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Inheritance Mode

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen on development and growth of the leaves of vegetables. 3. Appearance and expansion growth of leaves of spinach

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
H. Biemond
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance ◽  
Main Factor

In a series of greenhouse and field trials, spinach cv. Trias plants were supplied with different amounts of N fertilizer in various split applications. Rates of leaf emergence and expansion were recorded, as well as final leaf size. The rate of leaf appearance varied between 0.16 and 0.57/day across experiments, but was hardly affected by N treatment. The rate of leaf expansion and mature leaf area increased with leaf number, reaching maximum values at leaf pair 3+4 or 5+6 and decreasing subsequently. Both characteristics were positively correlated with N supply. The duration of expansion was not influenced by N treatments and varied between 15 and 30 days in most experiments. The rate of leaf expansion was the main factor determining mature leaf size. Specific leaf area over all green leaves slowly decreased with time in most experiments and was around 300 cmsuperscript 2/g. As the differences in the number of leaves were small, the differences in total green leaf area per plant resulted from differences in the areas of individual mature leaves.

HYBRIDIZATION OF TRITICUM AND AGROPYRON: II. CYTOLOGY OF THE MALE PARENTS AND F1 GENERATION

1936 ◽  
Vol 14c (5) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Peto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Pairing Behavior ◽  
Partial Homology ◽  
F1 Generation

Meiosis was studied in A. glaucum (2n = 42), A. elongatum (2n = 70), and in the F1 of these species crossed on varieties of T. dicoccum, T. durum and T. vulgare. In A. glaucum a large proportion of the chromosomes formed bivalents with occasional univalents and quadrivalents. A. elongatum was very unusual in that uni-, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinqui-, sexa-, and octavalent configurations were observed. With one exception the A. glaucum × Triticum hybrids averaged 4.8–6.2 bivalents per nucleus, thus indicating partial homology between one set of chromosomes from each of the parents. In the A. elongatum × Triticum hybrids, numerous multivalent configurations were observed and it was concluded that auto- as well as allosyndesis had occurred. Approximately one set of chromosomes remained unpaired in one collection of T. dicoccum var. Vernal × A. elongatum and approximately two sets remained unpaired in crosses between three varieties of T. vulgare and A. elongatum.Two of the crosses exhibited an abnormally small amount of pairing, an effect most plausibly attributed to the reaction of genetic factors limiting prophase pairing.Tentative conclusions have been made regarding the origin and genetic constitution of A. elongatum from the pairing behavior of the chromosomes in this species and its hybrids. It appears likely that A. elongatum arose through hybridization between hexaploid and tetraploid species of Agropyron with subsequent chromosome doubling. An alternative explanation is also suggested.

INHERITANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS ASSOCIATED WITH YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Head Length ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Partial Dominance

Records from seven spring wheats in a diallel cross showed that flag-leaf lamina area, extrusion of the head from the leaf sheath, head length and yield were all controlled by minor genes. Additive gene action and general combining ability were shown to be important genetic factors for all characters studied. Partial dominance was present for yield, flag-leaf area and head length. There was evidence that over-dominance played a part in the inheritance of extrusion. The genetic factors which controlled the expression of small leaf size showed dominance over those for large leaves and appeared to be distributed over all chromosomes. Increased extrusion and large flag-leaf area were both shown to be associated with high yield.

Water loss physiology and the evolution within the Tasmanian conifer genus Athrotaxis (Cupressaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Jordan ◽  
Timothy J. Brodribb ◽  
Prue E. Loney
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
High Water ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Hybrid Swarms

The Tasmanian montane and rainforest conifer genus Athrotaxis provides a system for investigating the relationship between leaf form and function and its adaptive significance. The two species differ markedly in leaf size, shape, degree of imbricacy and stomatal distribution, whereas natural hybrid swarms and glasshouse-grown hybrid progeny are highly variable for these traits. In glasshouse-grown plants of the true species and a diverse hybrid progeny, stomatal conductance and density were strongly correlated, and varied by approximately 400% among individuals. Hybrids displayed lower stomatal densities and less discrimination of 13C than the true species, leading to a negative relationship between stomatal density and δ13C. In contrast with the highly variable stomatal densities and δ13C in glasshouse plants, field-grown plants were highly conservative in both characters. This, combined with relatively low stomatal density and high water-use efficiency in field-grown plants suggests optimisation of the trade-off between assimilation and water loss. Foliar conductance in the light for the hybrids and A.selaginoides was only 4–6 times as great as, and was strongly correlated with, conductance in the dark, suggesting incomplete stomatal closure or high cuticular conductance. Athrotaxis cupressoides was less ‘leaky’. This may reflect adaptation to its more exposed habitat.

scholarly journals Identification of novel plant architecture mutants in barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Mohammadi Aghdam ◽  
Babak Abdollahi Mandoulakani ◽  
Laura Rossini ◽  
Agnieszka Janiak ◽  
Salar Shaaf
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Erect Leaves ◽  
High Tillering

AbstractIn grasses, biomass and grain production are affected by plant architecture traits such as tiller number, leaf size and orientation. Thus, knowledge regarding their genetic basis is a prerequisite for developing new improved varieties. Mutant screens represent a powerful approach to identify genetic factors underpinning these traits: the HorTILLUS population, obtained by mutagenesis of spring two-row cultivar Sebastian, is a valuable resource for this purpose in barley. In this study, 20 mutant families from the HorTILLUS population were selected and evaluated for tiller number, leaf angle and a range of other plant architecture and agronomic traits using an unreplicated field design with Sebastian as a check cultivar. Principal Component Analysis revealed strong relationships among number of tillers, upper canopy leaf angle, biomass and yield-related traits. Comparison to the Sebastian background revealed that most mutants significantly differed from the wild-type for multiple traits, including two mutants with more erect leaves and four mutants with increased tiller number in at least one phenological stage. Heatmap clustering identified two main groups: the first containing the two erect mutants and the second containing Sebastian and the high-tillering mutants. Among the high-tillering mutants, two showed significantly higher biomass and grain yield per plant compared to Sebastian. The selected mutants represent promising materials for the identification of genetic factors controlling tillering and leaf angle in barley.

Inheritance of Leaflet Size in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Essomba ◽  
T. A. Coffelt ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
S. W. Van Scoyoc
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Large Leaflet

Abstract Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis in plants. Leaf size and shape have been shown to be related to disease resistance. Therefore, understanding the inheritance of traits related to them is important. Conflicting results have been reported on the inheritance of leaflet size in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Some indicate qualitative inheritance and others quantitative determination. This study was undertaken to examine the genetic factors which control leaflet size in peanut. F2 populations from a modified diallel (excluding self-crosses) with three parents, A. monticola and two A. hypogaea genotypes (Argentine and T2442), were used in this experiment. In contrast with previous studies, the measurement technique used took into account the within-plant variability which occurs for this trait. Results suggest that: a) leaflet size may be quasi-quantitatively inherited; i.e., its inheritance may present distinguishable genotypes within continuous variation; b) the inheritance of leaflet size may involve two types of alleles of which one would be responsible for large leaflet size, while the other would be responsible for small leaflet size; and c) the use of progressive measurement scales and the analysis of ungrouped data are advisable on genetic studies of some morphological traits in peanut.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Yield Components in Cucumber at Low Plant Density

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix C. Serquen ◽  
Jeff Bacher ◽  
Jack E. Staub
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Multiple Lateral Branching ◽  
Lateral Branches

Plant architecture can be manipulated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to provide an array of phenotypes. Determinate, multiple-lateral plants are unique because they afford an opportunity to increase fruit yield per plant. Estimates of genetic variances, numbers of genetic factors, and genotypic and phenotypic correlations between traits were made in a population, segregating for sex expression, leaf size, and plant habit at low plant density (≈19,000 plants/ha). Replicated evaluation of 100 F3 families derived from an initial mating between a gynoecious, determinate, moderately branched line (G421) and a monoecious, indeterminate, multiple lateral branching line (`H-19') indicated that mainstem length and multiple lateral branching exhibit mostly additive genetic variance. For sex expression, additive and dominant genetic variances were important. The minimum number of genetic factors controlling sex expression, number of lateral branches, and mainstem length were estimated at five, four, and eight, respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between traits indicated that relative leaf size may influence fruit mass while having only limited influence on the number of fruit produced per plant. The amount and type of genetic variation suggests that the development of an array of determinate, multiple-lateral branching plant types with varying sex expression and plant stature is possible.

scholarly journals Genetic factors controlling the proliferative activity of mouse epidermal melanocytes during the healing of skin wounds.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-558
Author(s):  
T Hirobe
Keyword(s):  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Wound Edge ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Healing Of Skin Wounds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F1 Generation

Abstract A cut was made on the middorsal skin of newborn mice of strains C57BL/10J, C57BL/10J-A/A, and C3H/He using fine iridectomy scissors. In the epidermis within 1 mm of the wound edge in C57BL/10J and C57BL/10J-A/A, the melanocyte population positive to the dopa reaction as well as the melanoblast-melanocyte population positive to the combined dopa-premelanin reaction increased dramatically until the 3rd day, then gradually decreased. In contrast, the melanocyte population of C3H/He did not increase after wounding, despite that the melanoblast-melanocyte population increased. Pigment-producing melanocytes in mitosis were frequently found in C57BL/10J and C57BL/10J-A/A, but not in C3H/He. The F1, F2, and backcross matings were performed to get some information about the genetic basis of the difference between C57BL/10J and C3H/He. In the F1 generation the offspring from reciprocal crosses exhibited intermediate values in both populations on the 3rd day after wounding. The F2 generation included the C3H/He type, F1 type, and C57BL/10J type in a ratio of 1:2:1 in both populations. Moreover, both reciprocal backcrosses gave 1:1 ratios of parent type to F1 type in both populations. These results indicate that the proliferative activity of mouse epidermal melanocytes during the healing of skin wounds are controlled by semidominant genes.

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