scholarly journals Effect of Prohexadione-Ca and young canes removal on physiological characteristics of leaf and fruit in raspberry cultivar ‘Willamette’

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Milena Poledica ◽  
Jasminka Milivojevic ◽  
Dragan Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Dragisic-Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
First Time

The research was designed to evaluate the effect of growth regulator Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) and young canes removal on the changes of photosynthetic pigment content and modification activities of antioxidant enzyme defense system in leaves and fruits of raspberry cultivar ?Willamette? (Rubus idaeus L.). The experiment was performed in the period of 2011-2012. It consisted of five treatments: control - no treatment; 2ProCa - with 2 ProCa applications; Z - one removal of young canes; Z+2ProCa - young canes removal with 2 ProCa applications; 2Z - two removals of young canes. The first series of young canes were removed for the first time in mid-April and for the second time at the begining of May. In 2ProCa and Z+2ProCa treatments foliar application of ProCa was carried out twice during the period of April-May in interval of three weeks, i.e. when the primocane growth reached 30 cm in height. The following concentrations of ProCa: 125 ppm (first application) and 200 ppm (second application) were applied. Significantly higher mean values of chlorophyll b content were registered in the 2ProCa (42.84 ?g?g-1 FW) and Z+2ProCa (46.12 ?g?g-1 FW) treatment. The highest SOD and POD activities were found in leaves of new young canes which developed after the young canes removal was applied. Z+2ProCa treatment significantly increased CAT activity in raspberry leaves (63.51 U mg-1 prot.). Both of implemented measures, especially applied in combination, resulted in higher activity of CAT, POD and SOD enzymes in the fruits of the examined cultivar.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorella vulgaris on Growth and Photosynthetic Pigment Content in Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
TIMEA HAJNAL-JAFARI ◽  
VLADIMIRA SEMAN ◽  
DRAGANA STAMENOV ◽  
SIMONIDA ĐURIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content

Microalgae application in agriculture is an alternative measure that could be highly beneficial to plants. The application of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris S45 and its effect on plant growth and pigment content in Swiss chard were investigated. In the treatments, 5% and 10% algal suspensions were applied by spraying on plants and in soil, respectively. C. vulgaris S45 affected the initial growth of Swiss chard and the content of photosynthetic pigments positively. The correlation analysis proved the existence of statistically significant interdependency between chlorophyll a (Chl a) content and leaf number (r = 0.876 at p < 0.05), and chlorophyll b (Chl b) content and fresh leaf weight (r = 0.783 at p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effects of Different Selenium Concentrations on Physiology of Prunus davidiana Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Qinyuan Li ◽  
Junjiang Shu ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Xinyu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Prunus Davidiana

To study the effects of selenium on physiology, Prunus davidiana seedlings were treated with the irrigation of different selenium concentrations solution. The result showed that the photosynthetic pigment content was relatively higher at selenium concentrations of 0, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L except for carotenoid content which was the highest at 0.1 mg/L but the lowest in control seedlings. In terms of antioxidant enzyme activity, the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in selenium-treated seedlings were all higher than that in control seedlings and especially at the selenium concentration of 1 mg/L. The soluble protein content accumulated most at 0.25 mg/L selenium concentration. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), as membrane lipid peroxidation index, was the lowest at selenium concentration of 0.5 mg/L. In a word, irrigating lower selenium concentrations could increase the photosynthetic pigment content and higher selenium concentrations enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity to increase cell protection and kept the P. davidiana seedlings good growth and resistance to adverse environments.

scholarly journals Effects of reciprocal hybridization on physiological characteristics in F1 hybrids of Solanum nigrum and Solanum diphyllum under cadmium stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Renyan Liao ◽  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of cross-hybridization on biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content of Solanum nigrum and Solanum diphyllum. The results showed that under cadmium (Cd) stress, the plant biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content of hybrid ND (S. nigrum male × S. diphyllum female) and DN (S. diphyllum male × S. nigrum female) were all higher than those of S. nigrum. S. diphyllum was optimal, and hybrid ND was superior to hybrid DN. The POD activity of S. nigrum was higher than that of S. diphyllum, and the POD activity of hybrid ND and DN was significantly higher than that of parent.

Effect of salicylic acid on some physiological indices of Chrysanthemum cv “mai vang” cut flowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Bang Cao Phi ◽  
Huyen Tran Thi Thanh ◽  
Man Le Thi ◽  
Ngoc Chu Thi Bich ◽  
Huong Phung Thi Lan
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp.) has an important economic and medicinal value. This plant is the second most important cut flower produced in the world. Salicylic acid is a growth regulator with multifunction that is involved in plant physiology. In this works, the effect of salicylic acid at different concentrations (0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mM, respectively) on physiological characteristics of Chrysanthemum "mai vang" cut flowers was investigated. Research results indicated that salicylic acid affected the content of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves as well as anthocyanin content in the petals Chrysanthemum cv. “mai vang” cut flowers. Salicylic acid at concentrations of 0.25 - 0.5 mM increases the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids in leaf tissue at days 2 to 5 compared to day 1. The content of these photosynthetic pigments did not change through the experiments under influence of 0.75-1.0 mM salicylic acid. Meanwhile, salicylic acid at the concentration of 1.5 - 2.0 mM reduced photosynthetic pigment content at days 3 - 5 compared to day 1. A decrease of Fv\Fm value from day 1 to day 5 was observed in all experimental formula, the smallest reduction was found in the 0.25 and 0.5 mM treatments. Anthocyanins were higher accumulated in Chrysanthemum "mai vang" petals in all experimental formulas at days 2 to 4 than at day 1. At day 5, the anthocyanin content was still higher than at day 1 under salicylic acid treatments with concentrations of 0.25 - 0.75 mM.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Iron Concentrations on Physiology of Prunus davidiana Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Bixia Zheng ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Tonghao Cui ◽  
Xianmin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Iron Solution ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Prunus Davidiana

In order to study the changes of the photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjuster content, the Prunus davidiana seedlings were cultured into Hoagland nutrient solution which added various concentrations of iron solution. Then the results showed that photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity were all higher in iron-treated P. davidiana seedlings, compared with that in control seedlings. When increased iron concentration up to 10 mg/L, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and the total chlorophyll content gradually rose, but decreased at iron concentrations of 20, 30, 40 and 60 mg/L. Irrigating iron concentration of 60 mg/L was the best way to increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. But for chlorophyll a/b ratio, it was the highest in no-iron seedlings. Moreover, the soluble protein content was the highest at iron concentration of 30 mg/L, but the lowest at 10 mg/L. Thus, the study concluded that irrigating iron solution could improve the growth and resistance to adverse circumstances of P. davidiana seedlings.

scholarly journals Combining QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis to Elucidate the Genetic Control of ‘Crumbly’ Fruit in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Luca M. Scolari ◽  
Robert D. Hancock ◽  
Pete E. Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.

Silicon dioxide nanofertilizers improve photosynthetic capacity of two Criollo cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Pedro Gómez-Vera ◽  
Héctor Blanco-Flores ◽  
Ana Marta Francisco ◽  
Jimmy Castillo ◽  
Wilmer Tezara
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effect

Summary Studies on the effect of nanofertilizers (NF) in physiological performance of plants is scarce, especially that related to substances encapsulated into silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles in cocoa plants. The effect of foliar application of SiO2-NF on nutrient contents, gas exchange, photochemical activity, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein (TSP), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), and growth in seedlings of two cocoa clones (OC-61 and BR-05) in a greenhouse was assessed. Spraying with SiO2-NF increased net photosynthetic rate (A) by 16 and 60% and electron transport rate (J) by 52 and 162% in clones OC-61 and BR-05, respectively, without changes in photosynthetic pigment concentration in either clone. The SiO2-NF caused a decrease of 37 and 22% in stomatal conductance in OC-61 and BR-05, respectively; a similar trend was observed in transpiration rate, causing an increase of 42 and 100% in water use efficiency in OC-61 and BR-05, respectively. In both clones, diameter of graft increased on average 28% with SiO2-NF. Higher photosynthetic capacity was related to an increase in leaf N, P, and TSP. A significant reduction in PNUE (A/N ratio) was found in OC-61, whereas in BR-05 PNUE increased after spraying with SiO2-NF. Overall, spraying with SiO2-NF had a positive effect on photosynthetic processes in both cocoa clones, associated with an increase in nutrients content, which translated into improved growth. A differential physiological response to spraying with SiO2-NF between clones was also found, with BR-05 being the clone with a better physiological response during the establishment and development stages.

scholarly journals Facing metal stress by multiple strategies: morphophysiological responses of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) grown in hydroponics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Sorrentino ◽  
Fiore Capozzi ◽  
Chiara Amitrano ◽  
Gaetano De Tommaso ◽  
Carmen Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe contamination of environments by heavy metals has become an urgent issue causing undesirable accumulations and severe damages to agricultural crops, especially cadmium and lead which are among the most widespread and dangerous metal pollutants worldwide. The selection of proper species is a crucial step in many plant-based restoration approaches; therefore, the aim of the present work was to check for early morphophysiological responsive traits in three cultivars of Cynara cardunculus (Sardo, Siciliano, and Spagnolo), helping to select the best performing cultivar for phytoremediation. For all three tested cultivars, our results indicate that cardoon displays some morphophysiological traits to face Cd and Pb pollution, particularly at the root morphology level, element uptake ability, and photosynthetic pigment content. Other traits show instead a cultivar-specific behavior; in fact, stomata plasticity, photosynthetic pattern, and antioxidant power provide different responses, but only Spagnolo cv. achieves a successful strategy attaining a real resilience to metal stress. The capacity of Spagnolo plants to modify leaf structural and physiological traits under heavy metal contamination to maintain high photosynthetic efficiency should be considered an elective trait for its use in contaminated environments.

scholarly journals The Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Performances of Salt Stressed Strawberry Plants, Enzymes Activity, and Salt Tolerance Index

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Alaa El-Den Roshdy ◽  
Abdullah Alebidi ◽  
Khalid Almutairi ◽  
Rashid Al-Obeed ◽  
Ahmed Elsabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

The influence of salicylic acid (SA) on growth, yield, fruits’ quality and enzymes’ activities was monitored in strawberry plants cv. Camarosa grown under salinity stress via two pot experiments in two successive years of 2018 and 2019. The examined concentrations of SA were 30, 60, and 90 ppm, which foliary applied in addition to control (sprayed with water), while the used levels of salinity were 20, and 40 mM as NaCl as irrigation application in addition to control (without salinity). The results showed a significant effect of salinity at 40 mM where the mean values of shoot fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll, leaves’ NPK, yield plant−1, yield ha−1, and fruits’ ascorbic acid were significantly decreased. However, the 40 mM salinity resulted in a significant increase in leaves’ content of Na and proline as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes’ activity and the fruits’ TSS and acidity. The application with 90 ppm SA was found to be the most significant positive treatment for all of the studied characters except the Na leaves’ content. Regarding tolerance index percentages (STI%), the high values of CAT, POD, and proline referred to the ability to use them as indicators for strawberry salinity response in other physiological and plant breeding studies. The findings of this study suggest that the 90 ppm SA foliar application can ameliorate the negative effect of salinity on the growth of strawberry cv. Camarosa.

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