scholarly journals Canal network effects on the water balance in southeastern Srem

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Enike Gregoric
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Analytical Relationship ◽  
Drainage Canal ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
Canal Network

This paper presents the results of research and analyses of the effects of a drainage canal network on the water balance of southeastern Srem. The paper was derived from a doctoral thesis which contains a detailed study of key components of the water balance of southeastern Srem, including actual amounts of water removed via the drainage canal network. A linear multiple regression model was used to establish an analytical relationship between the amounts of evacuated water (a dependent variable) and four key parameters (total precipitation, total potential evapotranspiration, average stage of the Sava River, and average groundwater level - independent variables). This correlation allows for the forecasting of hydrologic events based on historic measured data and provides answers to some important questions regarding water management and soil conservation practices. The efficiency of the drainage canal network is closely linked with its maintenance. The paper shows that canal maintenance is inadequate, mainly due to financial issues. In some parts of the studied area, drainage canals have become virtual open sewers. For this reason, the future development of the drainage system must be part of comprehensive and integrated water management in southeastern Srem. .

Influence of tree transpiration on mass water balance of mixed mountain forests of the West Carpathians

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Střelcová ◽  
Jozef Minďáš ◽  
Jaroslav Škvarenina
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Snow Precipitation

AbstractBrief information about water balance of the Carpathian temperate forest ecosystem are presented in the paper. Experimental research was done in a mature mixed fir-spruce-beech stand in the research plot “Pol’ana-Hukavský grúň” (850 m a.s.l.) in the south-eastern part of Pol’ana Mts. in the Biosphere Reserve UNESCO in Central Slovakia. Individual parameters of water budget have been continuously monitored. The water consumption of the model beech trees, as well as approximate model beech stand transpiration was estimated on the basis of sap flow measurements and up-scaling through dendrometrical approach. Sap flow of model beech trees was estimated by direct, non-destructive and continuous measurements by tree-trunk heat balance method with internal heating and sensing of temperature. These values were compared with potential evapotranspiration according to Türc. Precipitation parameters (rain and snow precipitation, through-fall precipitation, stem-flow, fog/snow precipitation and infiltration) have been measured simultaneously. Results of mass water balance and the portion of the tree transpiration within the individual water flows are presented. Evapotranspiration of beech-fir forest ecosystem in the middle mountain region (850 m a.s.l.) includes: transpiration (35% of precipitation total), interception (21%), evaporation (8%). There are differences between tree species in mass of transpirated water. Transpiration of spruce and fir reaches two-thirds of beech transpiration. Fog precipitation contribution to the water balance of beech-fir stand is 5%. Concurrently fog precipitation lowers the interception losses of vertical precipitation.

scholarly journals Water Balance and Nitrate and Salt Exports from a Saline–Sodic Irrigation District in Castelflorite (Huesca, NE Spain)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Raúl Andrés ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
José Antonio Cuchí
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Ne Spain

In the current context of climate change, there is growing interest in the optimization of water management in irrigated areas, in semi-arid environments. The design of adequate adaptation and mitigation measures requires specific data at different scales of the water management hierarchy, up to basin level. In this work, the irrigation and drainage system of San Pedro de Castelflorite Irrigation Community (Huesca province, NE Spain), first set up as a flood irrigation system around 1970 and then modernized to sprinkler irrigation around 2008, was studied over two irrigation seasons. The land in this basin, with a surface of 11,450 ha, is affected by severe sodicity problems, which impedes cultivation in large areas. Most of the drainage water discharges into Clamor Vieja ravine, in which the quantity and quality of drainage, using water, salt, and nitrogen balances, were monitored. The water regime was found to be essentially regulated by irrigation. From the water balance, the consumed and the recoverable fractions were estimated at 76% and 23%, respectively, and the depleted beneficial fraction for the irrigated area at 73%. A predominance of salt dissolution processes over precipitation processes was found, with salt exports of approximately 2000 kg ha−1·year−1. The nitrogen exported by the drainage water was 7 kg N·ha−1·year−1. This value, remarkably lower than those reported for nearby basins in the central Ebro valley, can be attributed to the flooding of rice fields and to the low permeability of the soils present in this basin, which would hamper nitrate washing through the soil profile.

scholarly journals Biomass Burning and Water Balance Dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin in Africa

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-356
Author(s):  
Forrest W. Black ◽  
Jejung Lee ◽  
Charles M. Ichoku ◽  
Luke Ellison ◽  
Charles K. Gatebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Logone Catchment

The present study investigated the effect of biomass burning on the water cycle using a case study of the Chari–Logone Catchment of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB). The Chari–Logone catchment was selected because it supplies over 90% of the water input to the lake, which is the largest basin in central Africa. Two water balance simulations, one considering burning and one without, were compared from the years 2003 to 2011. For a more comprehensive assessment of the effects of burning, albedo change, which has been shown to have a significant impact on a number of environmental factors, was used as a model input for calculating potential evapotranspiration (ET). Analysis of the burning scenario showed that burning grassland, which comprises almost 75% of the total Chari–Logone land cover, causes increased ET and runoff during the dry season (November–March). Recent studies have demonstrated that there is an increasing trend in the LCB of converting shrubland, grassland, and wetlands to cropland. This change from grassland to cropland has the potential to decrease the amount of water available to water bodies during the winter. All vegetative classes in a burning scenario showed a decrease in ET during the wet season. Although a decrease in annual precipitation in global circulation processes such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation would cause droughts and induce wildfires in the Sahel, the present study shows that a decrease in ET by the human-induced burning would cause a severe decrease in precipitation as well.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Silicon and Changes in Water Balance under Drought Stress in Brassica napus var. napus L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Diana Saja-Garbarz ◽  
Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczanowska ◽  
Franciszek Janowiak
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Abscisic Acid Level

The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of silicon in oilseed rape and to characterize the changes in chosen water balance parameters in response to drought. The following parameters were estimated: water content, osmotic and water potential, evapotranspiration, stomatal conductance and abscisic acid level under optimal and drought conditions. It was shown that oilseed rape plants accumulate silicon after its supplementation to the soil, both in the case of silicon alone and silicon together with iron. It was revealed that silicon (without iron) helps maintain constant water content under optimal conditions. While no silicon influence on osmotic regulation was observed, a transpiration decrease was detected under optimal conditions after silicon application. Under drought, a reduction in stomatal conductance was observed, but it was similar for all plants. The decrease in leaf water content under drought was accompanied by a significant increase in abscisic acid content in leaves of control plants and those treated with silicon together with iron. To sum up, under certain conditions, silicon is accumulated even in non-accumulator species, such as oilseed rape, and presumably improves water uptake under drought stress.

Regional Water Balance and Economic Assessment as Tools for Water Management in Coastal Lebanon

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami ◽  
Maroun El Moujabber ◽  
Alessandra Scardigno
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Regional Water

scholarly journals Sensitivity of groundwater recharge using climatic analogues and HYDRUS-1D

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2485-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Leterme ◽  
D. Mallants ◽  
D. Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract. The sensitivity of groundwater recharge to different climate conditions was simulated using the approach of climatic analogue stations, i.e. stations presently experiencing climatic conditions corresponding to a possible future climate state. The study was conducted in the context of a safety assessment of a future near-surface disposal facility for low and intermediate level short-lived radioactive waste in Belgium; this includes estimation of groundwater recharge for the next millennia. Groundwater recharge was simulated using the Richards based soil water balance model HYDRUS-1D and meteorological time series from analogue stations. This study used four analogue stations for a warmer subtropical climate with changes of average annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration from −42% to +5% and from +8% to +82%, respectively, compared to the present-day climate. Resulting water balance calculations yielded a change in groundwater recharge ranging from a decrease of 72% to an increase of 3% for the four different analogue stations. The Gijon analogue station (Northern Spain), considered as the most representative for the near future climate state in the study area, shows an increase of 3% of groundwater recharge for a 5% increase of annual precipitation. Calculations for a colder (tundra) climate showed a change in groundwater recharge ranging from a decrease of 97% to an increase of 32% for four different analogue stations, with an annual precipitation change from −69% to −14% compared to the present-day climate.

Derivation Mathematical Equations for Future Calculation of Potential Evapotranspiration in Iraq, A Review of Application of Thornthwaite Evapotranspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

     In any natural area or water body, evapotranspiration is one of the important outcomes in the water balance equation. As a significant method and depending on monthly average temperature, estimating of potential Evapotranspiration depending on Thornthwaite method was adopted in this research review. Estimate and discuss evapotranspiration by using Thornthwaite method is the main objectives of this research review with considerable details as well as compute potential evapotranspiration based on climatologically data obtained in Iraq. Temperature - evapotranspiration relationship can be estimated between those two parameters to reduce cost and time and facilitate calculation of water balance in lakes, river, and hydrogeological basins. The relationship was obtained using Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into seven sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where thirty two stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. The mean temperature has a decreasing pattern from southern east towards northern west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while corrected potential evapotranspiration has the opposite direction regarding increased value because of a direct relationship with temperature.

scholarly journals Measurements of the water balance components of a large green roof in the greater Paris area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Antoine Versini ◽  
Filip Stanic ◽  
Auguste Gires ◽  
Daniel Schertzer ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Substrate Heterogeneity

Abstract. The Blue Green Wave of Champs-sur-Marne (France) represents the largest green roof (1 ha) of the greater Paris area. The Hydrology, Meteorology and Complexity lab of École des Ponts ParisTech has chosen to convert this architectural building into a full-scale monitoring site devoted to studying the performance of green infrastructures in storm-water management. For this purpose, the relevant components of the water balance during a rainfall event have been monitored: rainfall, water content in the substrate, and the discharge flowing out of the infrastructure. Data provided by adapted measurement sensors were collected during 78 d between February and May 2018. The related raw data and a Python program transforming them into hydrological quantities and providing some preliminary elements of analysis have been made available. These measurements are useful to better understand the hydrological processes (infiltration and retention) conducting green roof performance and their spatial variability due to substrate heterogeneity. The data set is available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687775 (Versini et al., 2019b).

scholarly journals A conceptual glacio-hydrological model for high mountainous catchments

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schaefli ◽  
B. Hingray ◽  
M. Niggli ◽  
A. Musy
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Times Series ◽  
Mountainous Catchments ◽  
Daily Discharge

Abstract. In high mountainous catchments, the spatial precipitation and therefore the overall water balance is generally difficult to estimate. The present paper describes the structure and calibration of a semi-lumped conceptual glacio-hydrological model for the joint simulation of daily discharge and annual glacier mass balance that represents a better integrator of the water balance. The model has been developed for climate change impact studies and has therefore a parsimonious structure; it requires three input times series - precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration - and has 7 parameters to calibrate. A multi-signal approach considering daily discharge and - if available - annual glacier mass balance has been developed for the calibration of these parameters. The model has been calibrated for three different catchments in the Swiss Alps having glaciation rates between 37% and 52%. It simulates well the observed daily discharge, the hydrological regime and some basic glaciological features, such as the annual mass balance.

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