scholarly journals Spatial distribution of specific runoff in Serbia based on rainfall-runoff relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-214
Author(s):  
Marko Urosev ◽  
Dragoljub Strbac ◽  
Jelena Kovacevic-Majkic ◽  
Jasna Plavsic ◽  
Stanislav Yamashkin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Large River ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Ungauged Basin ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
Exponential Relation

One of the indicators of water potential and water resources is specific runoff. Specific runoff for the whole territory of Serbia was obtained using the exponential relation between depth of runoff Y (mm) and precipitation P (mm). This relation is obtained on the basis of the mean annual amount of precipitation and annual water discharge, namely the depth of the runoff for 69 basins for the period 1961-2010. Coefficient of determination (R?) of relation between the depth of runoff and precipitation is 0.72. The differences between measured and modeled values of specific runoff vary from basin to basin, but at the level of the whole Serbia it is 3.5%. More precisely, the measured specific runoff amounts 5.6 l/s/km2, and the modeled specific runoff is 5.7 l/s/km2. The verification was done by applying the model to 11 large river basins in Serbia. Spatial distribution of the modeled specific runoff is presented by a digital map of specific runoff with pixel resolution 100 ? 100 m which enables the estimation of mean annual water discharge in any ungauged basin in Serbia.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chyulu Hills Watershed Ecosystem Services in South-Eastern Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
John Warui Kiringe ◽  
Francis Mwaura ◽  
Fiesta Warinwa
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

<p class="1Body">Water is an important good provided by watersheds and is critical in sustaining life and socio-economic development. This study evaluated water provision in the Chyulu Hills watershed which is one of the important dry land water catchments in Kenya. Surface water discharge was mainly through rivers and springs with the latter being more prevalent than the former while ground water provision was primarily through boreholes and shallow wells. Springs discharged the highest water volume annually estimated at 128.14million m<sup>3</sup> or 85.14% of all the water discharged in the watershed, with shallow wells and boreholes discharging the least water. For all the springs found in the watershed, Mzima springs discharged the highest water volume estimated at nearly 113.15 million m<sup>3</sup> annually or 88.30% of the water produced by all the springs; and about 75.19% of the water in the entire watershed. Rivers which were active had a total water discharge of about 20.66million m<sup>3</sup> per year, with Kibwezi River discharging 17.59 million m<sup>3</sup> annually or 85.14% of all the water from rivers. Shallow wells were mainly prevalent at Nthongoni and the Makindu, and their annual water discharge was about 16.96million m<sup>3</sup> per year with boreholes contributing 98.87% (approximately 16.76 million m<sup>3</sup>/yr.) of the ground water, and the rest (19,169.92m<sup>3</sup>/yr.) being contributed by shallow wells. The total amount of water discharged in the watershed by the combined water source types was about 150.49 million m3/yr.</p>

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГОДОВОГО СТОКА РЕКИ АЛАЗАНИ (ГАНЫХ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Ф.А Иманов ◽  
Г.И. Кордзахия ◽  
И.С Алиева
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The analysis of spatial and temporal regularities of the annual runoff of the transboundary river Alazani (Ganikh), which flows through the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, has been carried out. The series on the average annual water discharge of 6 hydrological gauges for the period from 1925 to 2017/2019 was used. It was found that for the researched rivers, the fluctuations of the average annual water discharges are in phase, however, the absence of strict synchronicity in the fluctuations of the annual runoff leads to a decrease in the spatial correlation coefficients. In the studied series of river Alazani (Ganikh) both on the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, there is no trend; however, for a number of annual runoff of the Ayrichai River, the main tributary of the r. Alazani (Ganikh), a significant positive trend was revealed. It should be noted that the reason for the nonstationarity is the climate change, the impact of which on runoff has become noticeable in recent decades. It was found that the variance of the second half of the analyzed series increased. The annual runoff of the Alazani (Ganikh) River has changed very little over 1991-2017 / 2019 compared with the period 1961-1990. For the Ayrichai River, the second period is characterized by increased water content. Keywords: River Alazani (Ganikh), Annual runoff, Water discharge, Transboundary river, Runoff change.

scholarly journals River linking in India: Downstream impacts on water discharge and suspended sediment transport to deltas

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Higgins ◽  
Irina Overeem ◽  
Kimberly G. Rogers ◽  
Evan A. Kalina
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Suspended Load ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

To expand agricultural production and address water scarcity, India is moving forward with the National River Linking Project (NRLP), which will connect 44 rivers via 9,600 km of canals. Here, we compile the first complete database of proposed NRLP dams, reservoirs and canals, including operating schedules for Himalayan infrastructure. We evaluate potential NRLP-derived changes to mean annual water discharge for 29 rivers and mean monthly water and sediment discharge for six rivers flowing to five major deltas. Sediment rating curves are used to quantify the impacts of changing water discharge within the rivers, and basin-wide trapping efficiency is established for new reservoirs. Given full implementation of the NRLP, we forecast reductions in annual suspended sediment transport to deltas of 40–85% (Mahanadi), 71–99% (Godavari) and 60–97% (Krishna) due to profound reservoir trapping and peak streamflow reductions. The Ganga before its confluence with the Brahmaputra is projected to experience a 39–75% reduction in annual suspended load. The Brahmaputra before its confluence with the Ganga is projected to experience a 9–25% reduction in suspended load, despite losing only 6% of its annual water flow. We calculate a projected corresponding aggradation decrease for the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta from 3.6 to 2.5 mm y–1, which is a large enough change to drive relative sea-level rise at the delta front. At the remaining four deltas, the NRLP will exacerbate current sediment starvation. We reconstruct the annual water transfer volume proposed for the NRLP to be 245 km3 y–1, higher than previous estimates due to the inclusion of along-canal usage. If completed, the NRLP will transform watershed boundaries, with more than half of the land in India contributing a portion of its runoff to a new mouth. These impacts may have profound environmental and public health implications, particularly in the context of future climate change.

Using the radar- and ground-based measurements for rainfall floods modeling in small catchments (the Polomet' river, Russia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Grek ◽  
Sergey Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
North West

&lt;p&gt;The previous research had shown that change of rainfall structure is taking place over Russia which increases the probability of occurrence of hazardous hydrological phenomena such as flash rainfall floods. Thus, the relevance and significance of the study is determined by the necessity of taking into account the structural changes of precipitation for reliable estimates of rainfall runoff characteristics in terms of climate change. The data of this study are comprehensive and consist of various sources of hydrometeorological information, including ground-based observations of precipitation and runoff, radar data. The assessment of the changes occurred in the maximum rainfall runoff and daily rainfall depth within the Russian part of the Baltic Sea basin was carried out in this study. The majority of the basins in our study showed positive trends in maximum discharge. The results of the work describe the experience of using different types of meteorological information of precipitation for rainfall floods modeling. The open-source SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model was utilized. Small catchment (631 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) situated in the Polomet&amp;#8217; River basin were chosen as the object of test modeling. The simulation efficiency is assessed using the coefficient of determination R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nash&amp;#8211;Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), by comparing the mean values to standard deviations for the calculated and measured values of water discharge. This study was supported by RFBR, grant 19-35-90123 &amp;#8220;Rain floods in the North-West Russia: assessment of variability and development of new forecasting methods&amp;#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Srepok watershed, Central Highland of Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Huyen ◽  
Le Hoang Tu ◽  
Vo Ngoc Quynh Tram ◽  
Duong Ngoc Minh ◽  
Nguyen Duy Liem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
Second Period

The Srepok watershed in the Central Highland of Vietnam plays an important role in the economic development of the region. Any harmful effects of climate change on natural resources may cause difficulties for social and economic development in this area. The present study aims to predict and evaluate changes of water resources in the Srepok watershed under the impact of climate change scenarios by using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. The study used observed weather data from 1990 to 2010 for the first period and climate change scenarios A1B and A2 from 2011 to 2039 for the second period and from 2040 to 2069 for the third period. According to the climate change scenarios of the studied watershed, future minimum and maximum daily average temperature will rise in all climate change scenarios and the amount of annual precipitation will fall in scenario A1B and go up in scenario A2. Based on the simulation results, the annual water discharge in scenario A1B decreased by 11.1% and 1.2% during the second and third periods, respectively, compared with the first. In scenario A2, annual water discharge increased by 2.4% during the second period but decreased by 1.8% during the third period.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY AND PROBLEMS OF INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF FLOW ASSESMENT FOR THE TRANSBOUNDARY NARVA RIVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Artem Iukhno ◽  
Tatiana Yakovleva ◽  
Yaroslav Kobears
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

The water regime of the transboundary Narva River has always been constantly addressed by the hydrometeorological community. For many years, at the interstate level (the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia), there has been a discussion about the accuracy of flow assessment and the correctness of the methods applicable for these purposes. In some years, the discrepancies between the estimates of the average annual water discharge obtained by the Estonian and Russian sides reach values of 20-27%. Sustainable, reliable water use requires updating approaches and achieving greater unambiguity in the flow assessment. In the presented article, various sources of uncertainty in the Narva river flow assessment as hydrodynamic, seasonal factors and imperfection of existing methods are considered. 

scholarly journals Short communication: Field data reveal that the transport probability of clasts in Peruvian and Swiss streams mainly depends on the sorting of the grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-728
Author(s):  
Fritz Schlunegger ◽  
Romain Delunel ◽  
Philippos Garefalakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
Annual Discharge

Abstract. We present field observations from coarse-grained streams in the Swiss Alps and the Peruvian Andes to explore the controls on the probability of material entrainment. We calculate shear stress that is expected for a mean annual water discharge and compare these estimates with grain-specific critical shear stresses that we use as thresholds. We find that the probability of material transport largely depends on the sorting of the bed material, expressed by the D96∕D50 ratio, and the reach gradient but not on mean annual discharge. The results of regression analyses additionally suggest that among these variables, the sorting exerts the largest control on the transport probability of grains. Furthermore, because the sorting is significantly correlated neither to reach gradient nor to water discharge, we propose that the granulometric composition of the material represents an independent, yet important control on the motion of clasts in coarse-grained streams.

scholarly journals HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER RUNOFF IN GEOECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SURFACE WATER IN THE SLAVSKY DISTRICT, KALININGRAD REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

An important issue in geoecological studies of watercourses can be considered the presence of integral and continuous hydrological series. On their basis, most of the hydrological calculations and structures are made, without which high-quality and rational water use is impossible. Unfortunately, in the Kaliningrad region, there are a number of difficulties with obtaining a complete set of recorded results of hydrological monitoring carried out over watercourses. The aim of the work was to collect hydrological information and calculate the main hydrological characteristics of the river flow of some watercourses in the Slavsky region. All the available data on hydrometric observations of the rivers of the considered territory were collected, on the basis of which hydrological series of average annual discharges were compiled. These rivers are: Zlaya, Osa, Matrosovka and Nemoninka. The missing data in the hydrological series of the average annual water discharge of the rivers under consideration were restored. The curves of the provision of average annual expenditures have been built according to the reconstructed data, and the average long-term expenditures, coefficients of variation and coefficients of asymmetry of the studied water bodies have been calculated. The entire methodology was based on the current set of rules for hydrological calculations. The results obtained can play an important role in further geoecological studies of watercourses in the Slavsk region, planning their use and in various project activities to develop water use.

scholarly journals Unravelling Climate and Anthropogenic Forcings on the Evolution of Surface Water Resources in Southern France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3581
Author(s):  
Camille Labrousse ◽  
Wolfgang Ludwig ◽  
Sébastien Pinel ◽  
Mahrez Sadaoui ◽  
Guillaume Lacquement
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

In the Mediterranean, climate change and human pressures are expected to significantly impact the availability of surface water resources. In order to quantify these impacts during the last 60 years (1959–2018), we examined the hydro-climatic and land use change evolution in six coastal river basins of the Gulf of Lion in southern France. By combining observed water discharge, gridded climate, mapped land use and agricultural censuses data, we propose a statistical regression model which successfully reproduces the variability of annual water discharge in all basins. Our results clearly demonstrate that, despite important anthropogenic water withdrawals for irrigation, climate change is the major driver for the detected reduction of water discharge. The model can explain 78–88% of the variability of annual water discharge in the study catchments. It requires only two climatic indices that are solely computed from monthly temperature (T) and precipitation (P) data, thus allowing the estimation of the respective contributions of both parameters in the detected changes. According to our results, the study region experienced on average a warming trend of 1.6 °C during the last 60 years which alone was responsible for a reduction of almost 25% of surface water resources.

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