scholarly journals Modeling the effects of temperature and time of homogenization annealing on the hardness of PdNi5 alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ivanovic ◽  
Biserka Trumic ◽  
Svetlana Ivanov ◽  
Sasa Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Platinum Metal ◽  
Platinum Oxide ◽  
System Response ◽  
Pd Catalyst ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Metal Form ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Experimental Values

Experimental design methodology represents a powerful tool for the analysis and optimization of various processes. PdNi5 alloy is used in the in the production process of nitric acid, as Pd-catalyst-trap. The role of Pd-catalyst-trap consists in reduction of volatile platinum oxide from gas flow to the metal form and retention of platinum metal on the surface of Pd catalyst-trap. Fundamental knowledge about this alloy and its practical use in reduction of volatile platinum oxide, can be improved by experimental planning and statistical analysis. In this study, the effects of annealed temperature and annealed time on the hardness of PdNi5 alloy were evaluated and compared. Full factorial experimental design at three levels was applied. Statistically significant factors were determined considering of hardness of PdNi5 alloy as a system response. By regression analysis, the mathematical model for process description was derived. The correlation between predicted and experimental values was high (R2=0,976 ). In the investigated ranges of parameters, the obtained empirical equation can be applied for the prediction of system response.

scholarly journals Multiphase gas-flow model of an electrical submersible pump

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Diana Marcela Martinez Ricardo ◽  
German Efrain Castañeda Jiménez ◽  
Janito Vaqueiro Ferreira ◽  
Pablo Siqueira Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
System Response ◽  
Submersible Pump ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pump

Various artificial lifting systems are used in the oil and gas industry. An example is the Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). When the gas flow is high, ESPs usually fail prematurely because of a lack of information about the two-phase flow during pumping operations. Here, we develop models to estimate the gas flow in a two-phase mixture being pumped through an ESP. Using these models and experimental system response data, the pump operating point can be controlled. The models are based on nonparametric identification using a support vector machine learning algorithm. The learning machine’s hidden parameters are determined with a genetic algorithm. The results obtained with each model are validated and compared in terms of estimation error. The models are able to successfully identify the gas flow in the liquid-gas mixture transported by an ESP.

scholarly journals Optimization of moist and oven-dried bacterial cellulose production for functional properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Maria Bodea ◽  
Florin Ioan Beteg ◽  
Carmen Rodica Pop ◽  
Adriana Paula David ◽  
Mircea Cristian Dudescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Inoculum Volume ◽  
Full Factorial

Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer with properties suitable for tissue engineering and possible applications in scaffold production. However, current procedures have limitations in obtaining BC pellicles with the desired structural, physical, and mechanical properties. Thus, this study analyzed the optimal culture conditions of BC membranes and 2 types of processing: draining and oven-drying. The aim was to obtain BC membranes with properties suitable for a wound dressing material. Two studies were carried out. In the preliminary study the medium (100 mL) was inoculated with varying volumes (1; 2; 3; 4; and 5 mL) and incubated statically for different periods (3; 6; 9; 12; and 18 days), using a full factorial experimental design. Thickness, uniformity, weight, and yield were evaluated. In the optimization study, a Box–Behnken design was used. Two independent variables were used: inoculum volume (X1: 1; 3; and 5 mL) and fermentation period (X2: 6; 12; and 18 d) to determine the target response variables: thickness, swelling ratio, drug release, fiber diameter, Tensile strength, and Young's Modulus for both dry and moist BC membranes. The mathematical modelling of the effect of the 2 independent variables was accomplished by response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained models were validated with new experimental values, and confirmed for all tested properties, except Young Modulus of oven-dried BC. Thus, the optimal properties in terms of a scaffold material of the moist BC were obtained with an inoculum volume of 5% (v/v) and 16 d of fermentation. While, for the oven-dried membranes a 4% (v/v) and 14 d of fermentation.

scholarly journals The Design and Implementation of Adsorptive Removal of Cu(II) from Leachate Using ANFIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdan Gamze Turan ◽  
Okan Ozgonenel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Aqueous Leachate

Clinoptilolite was investigated for the removal of Cu(II) ions from industrial leachate. Adaptive neural fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) was used for modeling the batch experimental system and predicting the optimal input values, that is, initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. Experiments were studied under laboratory batch and fixed bed conditions. The outcomes of suggested ANFIS modeling were then compared to a full factorial experimental design (23), which was utilized to assess the effect of three factors on the adsorption of Cu(II) ions in aqueous leachate of industrial waste. It was observed that the optimized parameters are almost close to each other. The highest removal efficiency was found as about 93.65% at pH 6, adsorbent dosage 11.4 g/L, and contact time 33 min for batch conditions of 23experimental design and about 90.43% at pH 5, adsorbent dosage 15 g/L and contact time 35 min for batch conditions of ANFIS. The results show that clinoptilolite is an efficient sorbent and ANFIS, which is easy to implement and is able to model the batch experimental system.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating Method for Estimation of Chlorthalidone in Bulk and Tablets with the Use of Experimental Design in Forced Degradation Experiments

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sonawane ◽  
Sneha Jadhav ◽  
Priya Rahade ◽  
Santosh Chhajed ◽  
Sanjay Kshirsagar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Stability Indicating Method ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Development And Validation

Chlorthalidone was subjected to various forced degradation conditions. Substantial degradation of chlorthalidone was obtained in acid, alkali, and oxidative conditions. Further full factorial experimental design was applied for acid and alkali forced degradation conditions, in which strength of acid/alkali, temperature, and time of heating were considered as independent variables (factors) and % degradation was considered as dependent variable (response). Factors responsible for acid and alkali degradation were statistically evaluated using Yates analysis and Pareto chart. Furthermore, using surface response curve, optimized 10% degradation was obtained. All chromatographic separation was carried out on Phenomenex HyperClone C 18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ), using mobile phase comprising methanol : acetonitrile : phosphate buffer (20 mM) (pH 3.0 adjusted witho-phosphoric acid): 30 : 10 : 60% v/v. The flow rate was kept constant at 1 mL/min and eluent was detected at 241 nm. In calibration curve experiments, linearity was found to be in the range of 2–12 μg/mL. Validation experiments proved good accuracy and precision of the method. Also there was no interference of excipients and degradation products at the retention time of chlorthalidone, indicating specificity of the method.

Transitional ballistics of electric high-velocity launchers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Reck ◽  
S. Hundertmark ◽  
R. Hruschka ◽  
A. Zeiner ◽  
B. Sauerwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
Experimental Values

Abstract The high-velocity launch of a projectile is subjected to a number of disturbances which exert an influence on the flight trajectory. In the case of sub-caliber projectiles, sabot separation is one of the critical aspects. In this work, we focus on the projectiles and the launch package of an electric railgun launch, i.e. on the behavior of the launch-package, when transitioning from the gun barrel to free-flight. This work further addresses the use of a hydrocode for creating numerical models which are capable of predicting the motion and deflection of the sabot parts during their separation from the projectile after exiting the muzzle. An earlier study showed that the air flow around the projectile and the sabot can be modeled with sufficiently high accuracy by means of a simulation code that uses an Eulerian description of the gas flow. Within a time interval of several milliseconds, just the duration that a projectile needs to enter quasi-stationary flight, viscous effects of the air or gas flow have relatively little influence on the sabot discard process. If the Eulerian gas flow is coupled with the Lagrangian structural parts, the mechanical response of the latter to the gas pressure can be complex in terms of deformation and damage, and in that way, can affect the gas flow. In this study, the hydrocode model is applied to a medium caliber launch package concept for accelerating long rod projectiles. The computed results agree well with the corresponding experimental values obtained from a launch package model test in the shock tunnel at Mach 4.5. This demonstrates that the presented hydrocode model can be used for launch package design optimizations with high confidence.

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