scholarly journals The application of disperse systems in environmental engineering

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 500-505
Author(s):  
Dragan Povrenovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Brewery Yeast

This paper presents the experimental results of spouted and spout-fluid bed investigations and their application in waste treatment in the food industry and the fluid-mechanical investigations of a co-current spouted bed with the aim of its application in water treatment, with immobilized microorganism systems. The Investigated systems were applied in animal blood and plasma drying, as a possible ecological solution in the meat-processing industry and brewery yeast drying. These waste materials are very dangerous pollutants for natural recipients. The concept of a co-current spouted bed as a basis for microbiological water treatment in the nitrification process of ammonium nitrogen is presented in the second part of this paper.

Influence on Environmental Safety of the Drinking Water of Nitrification in Water Reservoir Being a Source of Water Supply and Filter Filling Materials in Water Treatment Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1006 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Valentina Iurchenko ◽  
Mykyta Radionov ◽  
Oksana Melnikova ◽  
Olexandr Rachkovskiy ◽  
Larysa Mykhailova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Treatment Facilities

The nitrification process inside the water treatment facilities is an environmental threat because it might cause unacceptable concentrations of nitrites in drinking water. Special data processing has been carried out in the course of daily monitoring of concentration levels for ammonium, nitrogen, nitrites, and nitrates in the Siverskyi Donets river at the water intake site, and downstream, in the water mass having passed through the facilities of the water treatment complex "Donets". Based on the above studies, a positive correlation was revealed (with a correlation coefficient of 0.64-0.93) between the activity of nitrification processes in the natural reservoir and the activity of nitrification inside the water treatment facilities. The environmental outcomes of the nitrification processes inside the water treatment facilities might be dangerous. Experimental studies have proven that the zeolite backfill of the rapid filters installed at the water treatment complex is the most favorable medium for immobilization of the nitrifying bacteria in comparison with other backfills of silica sand or anthracite coal, therefore it is quite suitable for the development of nitrification process. The studies have shown that nitrites do not accumulate in water after water treatment procedures, therefore, the rate of phase I nitrification inside these facilities does not exceed the rate of the second phase. To clean the filtering backfill of these microorganisms, a conventional technological wash is fairly enough.

Modelling waste output from trout farms

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
J.-O. Frier ◽  
J. From ◽  
T. Larsen ◽  
G. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Trout Farms

The aim of waste modelling in aquaculture is to provide tools for simulating input, transformation, output and subsidiary degradation in recipients of organic compounds, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The direct purpose of this modelling is to make it possible for caretakers and water authorities to calculate waste discharge from existing and planned aquaculture activities. A special purpose is simulating outcome of waste water treatment and altered feeding programmes. Different submodels must be applied for P, N, and organics, as well as for the different phases of food and waste treatment. Altogether this calls for an array of co-operating submodels for a sufficient coverage of the options. In all the required fields there is some scientific background for numerical model approaches, and some submodels have been proposed. Because of its multidisciplinary character a synthesized approach is still lacking. Within trout farming this work attempts to establish the different submodels and outlines future possibilities for synthesizing the knowledge to a numerical model.

Collusion-enhancing effects of the own- and cross-price demand elasticities in merging multiproduct food industries: The case of chicken and red meat in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Panagiotou
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Demand Elasticities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Price Demand

The recent wave of megamergers sweeping the US food industry has raised significant concerns regarding “conglomerate” market power. Beef processors have been merging with pork and/or poultry processors (and vice versa). Concurrently, consumers have changed their attitude toward diet and health. The poultry industry has been more responsive to the changes in consumers’ lifestyles than the red meat industry by providing products which address health concerns. As a consequence, consumers exhibit stronger preference for chicken and are more willing to substitute chicken for red meat. The objective of this study is to examine the sustainability of collusion between multiproduct meat processing firms, under different values of the own-price demand flexibility of chicken as well as cross-price elasticities of demand between the markets of chicken and red meat. The findings indicate that the less (more) responsive demand for chicken gets to changes in its own price (price of red meat), the easier it gets for firms to sustain collusion.

The implications of point source phosphorus management to potable water treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Ralph G. Heath ◽  
Machiel C. Steynberg ◽  
Rita Guglielmi ◽  
Annelie L. Maritz
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
South African ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Informal Urban Settlements

The Vaal River Barrage reservoir is an important source of raw water for Rand Water which supplies at least 10 million people with drinking water daily. Return effluents from waste water treatment works, industries and informal urban settlements in the catchment has resulted in algal problems in the raw water and treatment process. In order to attempt to reduce the effect of eutrophication of South African inland water quality the Department of Water Affairs implemented in 1985 a 1 mg/l ortho-phosphate standard for waste water treatment works effluents. The amount of phosphate originating from the waste treatment works decreased significantly over the 10 years after the standard was implemented even though 40% of the time the works do not comply to the standard. This has resulted in no significant change in the chlorophyll values at Rand Water Intake No. 1. The algal species composition has changed with blue-greens becoming more dominant which has resulted in a higher incidence of algal related problems. The stabilizing of the chlorophyll values is not only as a result of lower ortho-phosphate levels but also due to residence times, turbidity and conductivity. To further reduce the algal concentrations at Rand Water Intake No. 1 the 1 mg/l ortho-phosphate standard will have to be enforced, the standard possibly reduced and diffuse sources managed on a catchment basis.

An Experimental Study on Compatible Solute Ectoine Dosing of High Salinity Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1907-1910
Author(s):  
Su Chen ◽  
Lei Chao ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Lin Shan Wang ◽  
Xue Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Salinity Wastewater

When the reactor is added with ectoine of concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mmol/L, the impacts on brine waste treatment efficiency are investigated. The results show that the outflow COD and ammonia nitrogen removal rates are the highest, when the ectoine concentration is 0.1 mmol/L. The brine waste treatment efficiency under addition of ectoine of 1 and 10 mmol/L is even worse than that without ectoine addition. It can be preliminarily determined that the best ectoine dosage is in between 0.1-1.0 mmol/L. When ectoine concentrations added in reactors are 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 mmol/L, the results show that the average reactor outflow COD and ammonia nitrogen removal rates are increased compared with those of reactor without adding ectoine. But when ectoine of 1.0 mmol/L is added, the outflow COD and ammonia nitrogen removal rates decrease. When ectoine dosage is 0.5 mmol/L, the reactor outflow COD and ammonia nitrogen values are the lowest, the removal rates are the highest, the average COD removal rate is 74.46%, and the average ammonium nitrogen removal rate is 54.97%. Compared with reactor without adding ectoine, COD and ammonium nitrogen removal rates are increased by 13.16% and 26.81%. Therefore, the best dosage of ectoine is 0.5 mmol/L.

Recent Advances of Spout-Fluid Bed: A Review of Fundamentals and Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjuan Shao ◽  
Xuejiao Liu ◽  
Wenqi Zhong ◽  
B.-S. Jin ◽  
Mingyao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Beds ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spouted Beds ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
New Applications

Abstract The spout-fluid bed (SFB) is a very successful synthesis of the spouting and fluidization. The hydrodynamics of SFB are more complex than both fluidized beds and spouted beds. Up-to-date information on the fundamentals and applications of SFBs has been briefly presented, based on the limited work reported, in the new spouted bed book edited by Norman Epstein and John R. Grace (Spouted and spout-fluid beds: fundamentals and applications, 2011). In the past three years, nearly 30 papers have been published in international journals. They reported interesting studies on hydrodynamic characteristics, numerical simulations and new applications of SFBs. This article reviews the major research and development on SFB from the year 2010 and recommends further research topics. This review is intended not only as an important supplement to the SFB chapter of the spouted bed book but also helpful guidance for future research.

Direct and indirect effects of oxygen limitation on nitrification process applied to reject water treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Pacek ◽  
Pavel Svehla ◽  
Jan Bartacek ◽  
Josef Radechovsky ◽  
Helena Hrncirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Oxygen Limitation ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Nitrification Process
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