scholarly journals Spatial organization of the settlement network of the municipality of Cacak and tendencies of its development

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
Teodora Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Functional Transformation ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Development Processes

The balanced and sustainable development of the functional area of Cacak is a precondition for greater integration of geospace. Based on the fact that settlements are the most striking elements of the cultural landscape and they are the holders of the functional organization and spatial transformation of geospace, there will be a special emphasis placed on the networking of these settlements and the analysis of its determinants. Both demographic and socioeconomic indicators were analyzed in order to determine the dominant spatial and functional processes occurring in the area that relate to the development of the municipality. Emphasis is placed on the changes in the type of population movement, functional transformation of the settlements, and changes in the level of social geographic transformation of settlements. Analysis of the demographic and socio-economic indicators showed that the settlement network of Cacak is, to a large extent, incoherent. Socio-geographic and functional transformation of settlements is articulated and directed entirely from the municipal center, and consequently the most affected settlements of periurban zone of Cacak and settlements along major roads. Adjusting to the modern development processes requires new spatial-functional relations at the municipality level in order to strengthen territorial cohesion and equal conditions of life.

scholarly journals Urban geographic processes of settlements network of Ljig municipality

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Matijevic
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Functional Zone

Principles of modern development of settlements are taking place under the strong influence of great urban agglomerations. Belgrade and its gravitational role have triggered huge spatial and populational changes with distinctive differences within its metropolitan area. In northern parts of Belgrade functional zone, there are zones of strong concentration of population and economy, as opposed to southern parts, where depopulation and dissection of economy and activities are present. As a part of Belgrade functional area, settlements network of Ljig municipality has been subject to considerable urban-geographic changes. This paper gives the analysis of all changes in settlements network which occurred as a consequence of gravitational impacts of the capital.

scholarly journals Tonotopic and non-auditory organization of the mouse dorsal inferior colliculus revealed by two-photon imaging

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Benson Wong ◽  
J Gerard G Borst
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Multimodal Information ◽  
Auditory Organization

The dorsal (DCIC) and lateral cortices (LCIC) of the inferior colliculus are major targets of the auditory and non-auditory cortical areas, suggesting a role in complex multimodal information processing. However, relatively little is known about their functional organization. We utilized in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging in awake mice expressing GCaMP6s in GABAergic or non-GABAergic neurons in the IC to investigate their spatial organization. We found different classes of temporal responses, which we confirmed with simultaneous juxtacellular electrophysiology. Both GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons showed spatial microheterogeneity in their temporal responses. In contrast, a robust, double rostromedial-caudolateral gradient of frequency tuning was conserved between the two groups, and even among the subclasses. This, together with the existence of a subset of neurons sensitive to spontaneous movements, provides functional evidence for redefining the border between DCIC and LCIC.

scholarly journals Impact of Bridges on Spatial Transformation of Urban Pattern: The case of Golden Horn, Istanbul

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demet Yesiltepe ◽  
Ayse Sema Kubat
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Historical Gis ◽  
Golden Horn ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Urban Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Transportation projects especially subways, bridges and new transportation modes gained importance in İstanbul in the last decades. The Golden Horn Metro Bridge, which connects two parts of the European side of İstanbul and has a station on the bridge, has caused criticisms not just because of having these unique characteristics but also because of the effects of the bridge on the silhouette of Historical Peninsula. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of bridges on urban pattern and to explore the different influences of metro and vehicular bridges. Within this scope, three bridges located over the Golden Horn, which created connections between historical site of İstanbul and the newly developed CBD, are chosen as study case. Areas within 1km zones around the bridges are analysed separately, and the urban pattern (street pattern, block size, building utilization) is investigated comparatively through GIS. The layers of the past geographies (Historical GIS) and the Space Syntax (angular segment based integration and choice) analyses are conducted for demonstrating the changes in the spatial organization. The findings indicate that the study area has transformed into more divided streets and urban blocks and the number of buildings increased through time. Moreover, it is observed that the metro-rail bridge system has less impact on urban pattern when compared with the vehicular bridges. This study contributes to urban planning/design not only by analysing comparatively the transformation of the urban pattern during the pre- and post-construction processes of the bridges but also by evaluating the impact of the bridges through a quantitative and innovative method.

scholarly journals A connectivity-constrained computational account of topographic organization in high-level visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M Blauch ◽  
Marlene Behrmann ◽  
David Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Feature Extracting ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Visual Processes ◽  
Topographic Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multiple Domain

Inferotemporal cortex (IT) in humans and other primates is topographically organized, with multiple domain-selective areas and other general patterns of functional organization. What factors underlie this organization, and what can this neural arrangement tell us about the mechanisms of high level vision? Here, we present an account of topographic organization involving a computational model with two components: 1) a feature-extracting encoder model of early visual processes, followed by 2) a model of high-level hierarchical visual processing in IT subject to specific biological constraints. In particular, minimizing the wiring cost on spatially organized feedforward and lateral connections within IT, combined with constraining the feedforward processing to be strictly excitatory, results in a hierarchical, topographic organization. This organization replicates a number of key properties of primate IT cortex, including the presence of domain-selective spatial clusters preferentially involved in the representation of faces, objects, and scenes, within-domain topographic organization such as animacy and indoor/outdoor distinctions, and generic spatial organization whereby the response correlation of pairs of units falls off with their distance. The model supports a view in which both domain-specific and domain-general topographic organization arise in the visual system from an optimization process that maximizes behavioral performance while minimizing wiring costs.

Functional Organization of Squirrel Monkey Primary Auditory Cortex: Responses to Pure Tones

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1732-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Cheung ◽  
Purvis H. Bedenbaugh ◽  
Srikantan S. Nagarajan ◽  
Christoph E. Schreiner
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Complex Sound ◽  
Sound Coding ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Pure Tones

The spatial organization of response parameters in squirrel monkey primary auditory cortex (AI) accessible on the temporal gyrus was determined with the excitatory receptive field to pure tone stimuli. Dense, microelectrode mapping of the temporal gyrus in four animals revealed that characteristic frequency (CF) had a smooth, monotonic gradient that systematically changed from lower values (0.5 kHz) in the caudoventral quadrant to higher values (5–6 kHz) in the rostrodorsal quadrant. The extent of AI on the temporal gyrus was ∼4 mm in the rostrocaudal axis and 2–3 mm in the dorsoventral axis. The entire length of isofrequency contours below 6 kHz was accessible for study. Several independent, spatially organized functional response parameters were demonstrated for the squirrel monkey AI. Latency, the asymptotic minimum arrival time for spikes with increasing sound pressure levels at CF, was topographically organized as a monotonic gradient across AI nearly orthogonal to the CF gradient. Rostral AI had longer latencies (range = 4 ms). Threshold and bandwidth co-varied with the CF. Factoring out the contribution of the CF on threshold variance, residual threshold showed a monotonic gradient across AI that had higher values (range = 10 dB) caudally. The orientation of the threshold gradient was significantly different from the CF gradient. CF-corrected bandwidth, residual Q10, was spatially organized in local patches of coherent values whose loci were specific for each monkey. These data support the existence of multiple, overlying receptive field gradients within AI and form the basis to develop a conceptual framework to understand simple and complex sound coding in mammals.

scholarly journals Recreation function of forest complexes as an element of urban planning: A view from Republic of Srpska

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Dosenovic ◽  
Tanja Trkulja ◽  
Mirjana Sekulic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Development ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Green Matrix ◽  
Location Factor ◽  
Banja Luka

The issue of recreation in a broad sense and from the aspect of urban planning is related to other urban functions, as well as to certain functional and ecological principles of spatial organization of cities (Douglas, 2000). The research presented in this paper indicate that the recreational function, as an urban planning category, receives inadequate treatment in the spatial, regional, and urban plans in Republic of Srpska, that is not proper for the new approach to evaluation and defining of important elements of urban planning, such as forest areas. Obscure urban plans do not allow concrete actions in terms of better planning of such spaces, and it hinders supervision of their sustainable development. Urban forests are key elements of green infrastructure and they provide essential ecosystem services (Capotorti et al., 2015). Current city development process in Republic of Srpska is characterized by an increase in number of buildings where economic factors impact the urban structure and share of open recreational spaces in the total area despite their increased functional and ecological justification. The process of intensive construction endangers natural resources such as forest complexes, thus they are becoming more and more valuable. In this paper, forest complexes will be regarded as a spatial category on example of the case study of Banja Luka. Seeking new solutions in order to obtain primarily qualitative then quantitative changes in representation, manner of use, and arrangement of forest complexes within the green matrix of Banja Luka, is an imperative. Whether these special and functional green structures would be designed for recreational or strictly protective functions, perhaps as a cultural landscape, or a green structure of polyvalent character, depends on many factors. This research focuses on fifteen forest management units (MU) that were selected by a method of separation of gravitational area and recreational zones in the city of Banja Luka. The method, besides its originality, contains BITTERLICH?s ratio of population separation for needs of forest complexes, which increases with the increase of population density and decrease of the distance from a forest area. This method for determining recreational value within a gravitational area is used to define the value of the forest complex location factor, as well as the value of its natural characteristics, i.e. whether the forest is suitable for recreation (Medarevic, 1993). Evaluation postulates are presented numerically and graphically by use of GIS technology for Republic of Srpska municipalities based on the previously prepared data model. The research results indicate that their practical use is possible in the domain of planning, designing, and organization of forest complexes to accommodate urban recreational needs.

scholarly journals Tonotopic and multisensory organization of the mouse dorsal inferior colliculus revealed by two-photon imaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron B. Wong ◽  
J. Gerard G. Borst
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Multimodal Information

AbstractThe dorsal (DCIC) and lateral cortices (LCIC) of the inferior colliculus are major targets of the auditory and non-auditory cortical areas, suggesting a role in complex multimodal information processing. However, relatively little is known about their functional organization. We utilized in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging in awake mice expressing GCaMP6s in GABAergic or non-GABAergic neurons in the IC to investigate their spatial organization. We found different classes of temporal response, which we confirmed with simultaneous juxtacellular electrophysiology. Both GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons showed spatial microheterogeneity in their temporal responses. In contrast, a robust reversed rostromedial-caudolateral gradient of frequency tuning was conserved between the two groups, and even among the subclasses. This, together with the existence of a subset of neurons sensitive to spontaneous movements, provides functional evidence for redefining the border between DCIC and LCIC.

scholarly journals THE LATEST TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF MODERN PUBLIC CENTERS IN A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (159) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
O. Dudka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Large City ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Planning Concepts

The article reveals the latest trends in the modern development of the architecture of public centers in large cities, innovative methods of formation in the urban environment, defines their specificity and requirements, analyzes the features, patterns and modern design solutions in conditions of sustainable development. The relevance of this study is associated with the need for new systemic approaches in the formation of multifunctional facilities, taking into account modern urban planning concepts, which allow the formation of new types of public entities and become an important structural element of the urban environment. Turning to foreign experience in organizing multifunctional public centers, one can find that the main components of the architectural formation are their urban planning and the spatial organization of a favorable architectural environment. It is important to note this aspect: for the formation of large public centers in conditions of sustainable development, the following main trends are characteristic: the formation of a developed spatial organization - an architectural and compositional formation. Also a bright architectural and artistic image - a dominant in the urban environment, integration into the natural landscape - ecological direction of sustainable development, effective functional zoning, well-developed engineering infrastructure and communications. Thus, it has been determined that a multifunctional public center in the structure of a large city is a specific type of architectural object, which is formed into a single complex of spatial and planning elements that organize the core of the social and business life of this city.

scholarly journals Mapping the human auditory cortex using spectrotemporal receptive fields generated with magnetoencephalography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre R. Falet ◽  
Jonathan Côté ◽  
Veronica Tarka ◽  
Zaida-Escila Martinez-Moreno ◽  
Patrice Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields ◽  
Modulation Rate ◽  
Human Auditory Cortex ◽  
Time Required

AbstractWe present a novel method to map the functional organization of the human auditory cortex noninvasively using magnetoencephalography (MEG). More specifically, this method estimates via reverse correlation the spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRF) in response to a dense pure tone stimulus, from which important spectrotemporal characteristics of neuronal processing can be extracted and mapped back onto the cortex surface. We show that several neuronal populations can be found examining the spectrotemporal characteristics of their STRFs, and demonstrate how these can be used to generate tonotopic gradient maps. In doing so, we show that the spatial resolution of MEG is sufficient to reliably extract important information about the spatial organization of the auditory cortex, while enabling the analysis of complex temporal dynamics of auditory processing such as best temporal modulation rate and response latency given its excellent temporal resolution. Furthermore, because spectrotemporally dense auditory stimuli can be used with MEG, the time required to acquire the necessary data to generate tonotopic maps is significantly less for MEG than for other neuroimaging tools that acquire BOLD-like signals.

scholarly journals Maternal Emotion Dysregulation and the Functional Organization of Preschoolers’ Emotional Expressions and Regulatory Behaviors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Elizabeth Binion ◽  
Maureen Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotion Socialization ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Functional Relations

While psychopathology in mothers is known to be a significant risk factor for child outcomes, less is known about how emotion dysregulation, a transdiagnostic feature that cuts across many diagnoses, shapes emotion-related parenting practices and the development of emotion regulation in offspring. Building upon previous research that examined the functional relations between emotions and regulatory actions in children, we sought to examine the association of maternal emotion dysregulation and emotion socialization with these functional links in an at risk community sample of mother-preschooler (children ages 36-60 months) dyads which over-sampled for mothers with elevated symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (n = 68). We found that maternal emotion dysregulation was associated with children displaying more sadness and engaging in less problem solving during the Locked Box Task, which is designed to elicit anger. Maternal emotion dysregulation was also associated with children being more distracted and talking less in the context of sadness. Maternal non-supportive emotion socialization responses were associated with children engaging in more defiant behaviors throughout the task and using less problem solving in the context of happiness, while maternal supportive emotion socialization responses were associated with more play throughout the task and less talking in the context of sadness, above and beyond the effect of maternal emotion dysregulation. These findings indicate that maternal emotion dysregulation and non-supportive emotion socialization practices are both meaningfully associated with the development of aberrant patterns of emotional and behavioral responding during the preschool years.

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