scholarly journals Dual income tax: An option for the reform of personal income tax in Serbia?

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (178-179) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Randjelovic
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Progressive Taxation ◽  
Dual Income Tax ◽  
Negative Income ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dual Income ◽  
Negative Income Tax

Contemporary tax theory and practice provides two fundamental concepts for taxation of personal income: scheduler and global. Several systems have been derived from these basic models, including combined, flat, dual and negative income tax. Dual income tax, the subject of this paper, requires progressive taxation of income from employment and proportional taxation of income from capital. However, strict application of this system significantly violates the principle of equitability of taxation, both horizontally and vertically.

On the Issue of Progressive or Proportional Taxation of Personal Incomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
D. G. Chernik
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Discrete Measures ◽  
Personal Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Taxation ◽  
Personal Incomes

The subject of the research is the procedure for personal income taxation. The purpose of the workwas to determine which personal taxation regime is more justified: progressive or proportional. The paperprovides the reasons for the transition from the progressive to the proportional tax. The risks and possibilities of transition to the progressive scale are analyzed. It is concluded that in order to achieve social justice and improve the welfare of the majority of peoplerather thana very small part of them, it is necessary to adopt a set of economic, fiscal and administrative measures aimed at solving a single task — ensuring the social and economic development of Russia. Discrete measures, such as the introduction of the progressive personal income tax will not lead to desired results. Moreover, the progressive tax cannot be introduced unlessit is ruled by law that large spendings of citizens must correspond to their incomes.

scholarly journals Opodatkowanie kryptowalut w Polsce

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 275-286
Author(s):  
Damian Dobosz ◽  
Anna Niziołek
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Law

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę opodatkowania kryptowalut. W niniejszym opracowaniu zaprezentowano rozwój kryptowalut i prawodawstwa polskiego w tej materii. Przede wszystkim przedstawiono tematykę ujęcia kryptowalut z punktu widzenia przedmiotu opodatkowania w ustawach podatkowych. Ponadto przywołane zostały interpretacje podatkowe, w których można zaobserwować różne sposoby ujęcia problematyki opodatkowania kryptowalut przez urzędy skarbowe. W dalszej części opracowania zaprezentowano najnowsze zmiany ustawy o PIT, wchodzące w życie od 1 stycznia 2019 roku oraz ich potencjalne konsekwencje dla podatników. Taxation of cryptocurrencies in PolandThe article delves into the issue of cryptocurrencies taxation. This work explains the development of cryptocurrencies as well as the Polish law concerning that problem. What is also presented is the perception of cryptocurrencies in view of the subject of taxation in Polish tax regulations. Furthermore, the article refers to the tax rulings in which several different ways of perceiving cryptocurrencies taxation by tax authorities are included. The work also examines the changes in Personal Income Tax in Poland from 1 January 2019 and their potential consequences for taxpayers.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Action and Social Fairness of Changes Related to the Personal Income Tax

Taxes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Elena S. Osipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Progressive Taxation

Since 2001, Russia has introduced a flat scale of taxation of personal income, which for twenty years has been causing discussions in the scientific community and society. The proportional taxation of wages does not take into account the differentiation in incomes of various strata of the population and does not meet the principle of social justice. However, the difficulties of economic development have led to the need to introduce an additional rate on income of individuals, which is presented as progressive taxation. The article examines the situation with the differentiation of the population in terms of living standards in Russia and the compliance of innovations with a progressive approach.

scholarly journals Flat-Rate versus Progressive Taxation? An Impact Evaluation Study for the Case of Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6405
Author(s):  
Madalina Ecaterina Popescu ◽  
Eva Militaru ◽  
Larisa Stanila ◽  
Maria Denisa Vasilescu ◽  
Amalia Cristescu
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Progressive Taxation ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Income Tax Policy ◽  
The Impact

Taking into consideration the recent debates on adopting a progressive tax system over the flat-rate taxation, our paper aims to investigate the impact of a change in the current Romanian personal income tax policy system from the 10% flat-rate tax system to some alternative progressive taxation scenarios. The methodological approach consisted in using the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database to micro-simulate the impact upon poverty and income inequality. Through our ex-ante tax policy analysis we bring empirical evidence of a modest, but positive effect upon poverty rate and income inequalities in favor of a progressive taxation system. However, when looking at the government financial implications through the personal income tax budget revenues, we discuss upon the possible trade-off between the benefits on poverty and income inequalities and the possible budgetary drawbacks. Despite the data limitations, this study has the benefit of being among the first attempts to evaluate the impact of a personal income tax policy reform for the case of Romania.

scholarly journals Tax Enforcement Procedure Under Section 104 of Personal Income Tax Act: Matters Arisings

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 156-172
Author(s):  
Kachi Bielu John
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Judicial Activism ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Enforcement ◽  
Restraining Order ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Entire Procedure

AbstractThe refusal of a taxpayer to respond or pay the tax due has always provoked the tax authority to approach the court with an ex-parte application in chambers. The result of this ex parte application arms the tax authority with a restraining order. With a detached team of policemen, the tax authority will storm the premises of the taxpayer, vandalize, forcefully drive out the tax payer and seal up the premises. All these arrangements and decisions are done behind the taxpayer. This paper examined the constitutionality of the entire procedure for the recovery of tax due to the tax payer. The paper utilized doctrinal methodology in analyzing the extant laws and case laws as they relate to the subject matter. The paper submits that decisions under section 104 PITA are too weighty to be taken in the absence of the taxpayer. The paper, therefore, recommends some sort of judicial activism by judicial officers in exercising their discretion and accommodate the interest of the taxpayer.

scholarly journals Ability-to-pay Principle and the Structure of Personal Income Tax in Poland (Selected Issues)

2019 ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
Robert Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Legal Structure

The ability-to-pay principle is one of the two principles that legitimise the collection of taxes. It pertains to the correct distribution of the tax burden that gives rise to a great deal of controversy and disputes in the theory and practice of financial law. The objective of this article is to demonstrate whether the Polish legal structure of personal income tax enables the distribution of tax burdens among citizens in accordance with this principle.

scholarly journals Elements of progressive personal income taxation in the context of the principle of forward and backward links

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
N. M. Artemov ◽  
К. A. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Progressive Taxation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Do So

The idea of progressive tax scale in Russia received a fundamentally new development in 2020. The leading position of the personal income tax in most countries is due to a number of circumstances. First, it is a personal tax, the object of which is the income actually received by the payer, and not the estimated average income that could be received in specific economic conditions. Second, income tax allows to maximize the implementation of the basic principles of taxation – universality and uniformity. In recent decades, national regimes of personal income taxation regimes have been actively developed both in foreign countries and in Russia. Purpose of the study. The article considers the elements of progressive taxation of personal income in the context of the principle of direct and inverse relations. Dealing with selected provisions of the national legislation of European countries and Russia the article shows that elements of progressive taxation can be applied only in particular aspects. The proposals of taxation of rich taxpayers are also brought into light. Methodology. The research was carried out with the application of the formally legal interpretation of legal acts as well as the comparative analysis of Russian and European legal literature. Structural and systemic methods are also the basis of the research, The main results. The establishment of a classical progressive system in the Russian Federation will encourage a change in the model of behavior of both persons who have the opportunity to increase their income, but do not intend to do so due to a decrease in the nominal increase in wages, and persons who previously declared income in full, but if the tax model changes, they will apply personal income tax evasion schemes. In addition, the results of a comparative analysis of the experience of the EU Member States show the ineffectiveness of the progressive income tax scale as a tool to combat social inequality. The comparison provided in the research also examines the problems of proportional and progressive taxation in the context of the principle of equity. In the context of the practice of applying progressive taxation, the experience of foreign countries is studied. Based on foreign experience, it can be concluded that the introduction of family taxation would require a fundamental change in the basis of income taxation in the Russian Federation, as well as would entail discrimination of taxpayers in terms of registered and civil marriage and abuse in order to extract tax benefits. The authors conclude that a more appropriate option for taking into account family circumstances is the widespread use of tax deductions. Since Russian legislation does not establish poverty criteria, personal income tax is levied even on income in the amount of the subsistence minimum. This also does not correspond to the principle of social justice, because in the absence of such criteria, poverty cannot be considered a basis for tax exemption. Thus, the establishment of a classical progressive system in the Russian Federation will encourage a change in the model of behavior of both persons who have the opportunity to increase their income, but do not intend to do so due to a decrease in the nominal increase in wages, and persons who previously declared income in full, but if the tax model changes, they will apply personal income tax evasion schemes. We believe that in the context of the principle of equity, the essence of progressive taxation is not the establishment of several tax rates and is not determined by the number of tax deductions that can be granted only to a small number of persons, including wealthy taxpayers, but that it reflects the ability of a person to pay tax. In our opinion, this ability should be guaranteed by the exemption from taxation of the minimum amount of income (minimum wage). Сonclusions. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the establishment of a classical progressive system in the Russian Federation will encourage a change in the behavior model of both persons who have the opportunity to increase their income, but do not intend to do so due to a decrease in the nominal increase in wages, and persons who previously declared income in full, but if the tax model changes, they will use personal income tax evasion schemes. In addition, the results of a comparative analysis of the experience of the EU member States show the ineffectiveness of the progressive income tax scale as a tool to combat social inequality. It is proposed to apply only elements of progressive taxation when reforming the Russian tax regime for individuals, namely, to establish a nontaxable minimum in the amount of the minimum wage, which will ensure tax fairness for taxpayers with lower-average incomes. 

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