scholarly journals Evaluation of the use of steelmaking slag as an aggregate in concrete mix: A factorial design approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Aljbour ◽  
Sultan Tarawneh ◽  
Adnan Al-Harahsheh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Steelmaking Slag ◽  
Mixed Medium ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Potential Use

Slag is investigated towards its potential use as an aggregate in concrete mix production. Full factorial design methodology is applied to study the effect of two process input variables, namely: slag as coarse aggregate and slag as medium aggregate on the properties of concrete mix. Additionally, the interaction between input variables is also examined. Incorporating steel slag aggregate in the concrete mix affected its compressive strength. Enhanced compressive strength concrete mix was obtained with 70 wt.% coarse slag aggregate and 70 wt.% medium slag aggregate. Under these proportions, the 28-days compressive strength was higher than the 28-days compressive strength of a concrete mix prepared from normal aggregate. Strong interaction effect exists between slag aggregate size on the compressive strength at 7-days curing. Lower compressive strength for the concrete mix might be obtained if improper proportions of mixed medium and coarse slag aggregate were employed.

scholarly journals Optimization of Packing Density of M30 Concrete With Steel Slag As Coarse Aggregate Using Fuzzy Logic

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1903-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arivoli ◽  
R. Malathy
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Mix Proportioning ◽  
Concrete Mix

Abstract Concrete plays a vital role in the design and construction of the infrastructure. To meet the global demand of concrete in future, it is becoming a challenging task to find suitable alternatives to natural aggregates. Steel slag is a by-product of steel making process. The steel slag aggregates are characterized by studying particle size and shape, physical and chemical properties, and mechanical properties as per IS: 2386-1963. The characterization study reveals the better performance of steel slag aggregate over natural coarse aggregate. M30 grade of concrete is designed and natural coarse aggregate is completely replaced by steel slag aggregate. Packing density of aggregates affects the characteristics of concrete. The present paper proposes a fuzzy system for concrete mix proportioning which increases the packing density. The proposed fuzzy system have four sub fuzzy system to arrive compressive strength, water cement ratio, ideal grading curve and free water content for concrete mix proportioning. The results show, the concrete mix proportion of the given fuzzy model agrees with IS method. The comparison of results shows that both proposed fuzzy system and IS method, there is a remarkable increase in compressive strength and bulk density, with increment in the percentage replacement of steel slag.

scholarly journals Long Term Compression Strength of Mortars Produced Using Coarse Steel Slag as Aggregate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Furlani ◽  
Stefano Maschio
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Steelmaking Slag ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Long Time

The paper reports on some experimental results obtained from the production of mortars prepared using a commercial cement, coarse steelmaking slag, superplasticizer, and water. The behaviour of this reference composition was compared to that of some others containing further additives in order to investigate materials compressive strength after long time ageing. It has been demonstrated that an optimized water/cement ratio coupled with slag particles of size lower than 2.5 mm and proper protocol of preparation leads to the production of materials with good mechanical properties after 28, 90, and 180 days of ageing. The resulting materials therefore appeared as good candidates for civil engineering applications. However, the present research also demonstrates that the mortar samples of all of the compositions prepared suffer from decay and compressive strength decrease after long time ageing in water. In the present paper the results are explained taking account of materials residual porosity and alkali silica reaction which occurs in the samples.

scholarly journals Studi Mengenai Perancangan Campuran Beton Abu Terbang dengan Pendekatan Blended Sand (Hal. 88-97)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Reza Fauzi Nirwan ◽  
Priyanto Saelan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Concrete Mix

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hasil perancangan campuran beton abu terbang yang mensubtitusi semen dengan cara pendekatan sand blended, yaitu abu terbang yang mensubtitusi semen diperlakukan sebagai agregat halus, sehingga agregat halus merupakan campuran dari pasir dan abu terbang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan kuat tekan rencana 20 MPa dan 30 MPa. Substitusi semen oleh abu terbang sebesar  10 %, 20 %, dan 30 % dari berat semen. Ukuran maksimum agregat kasar yang digunakan adalah 20 mm, dan pasir dengan modulus kehalusan 2,768, slump rencana 6 cm dan 10 cm. Hasil pengujian tekan silinder beton berdiameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan beton abu terbang yang dihasilkan berdekatan dengan beton acuan yaitu beton tanpa abu terbang, untuk semua kadar abu terbang yaitu sampai dengan kadar subtitusi semen oleh abu terbang sebesar 30 %. Pendekatan sand blended dapat dilakukan dalam perancangan campuran beton abu terbang.Kata Kunci : beton abu terbang, kuat tekan, pasir blendedABSTRACTThis is research was performed to know the result of the test of fly ash concrete mix designed by sand blended method. Fly ash will be treated as fine aggregate so that the total fine aggregate is the consist of fly ash and sand. 20 MPa and 30 MPa concrete mix are designed for 10 %, 20 % and 30 % by weight of cement subtitution by fly ash. Concrete mix use 20 mm maximum aggregate size, finess modulus of sand 2.768, and 6 cm and  10 cm slump. Compressive strength tests of 10 cm diameter and 20 cm height cylinder showed that the stength of fly ash concrete is the same as the strength of initial concrete. Fly ash concrete mix can be designed by sand blended approximation.Keywords : fly ash concrete, compressive strength, blended sand

scholarly journals Utilization of Water-Cooled and Air-Cooled Slag Aggregate in Concrete: A Solution to the Secular Economy

Eng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Ahmed Maher El-Tair ◽  
Ramez Bakheet ◽  
Mohamed Samy El-Feky ◽  
Mohamed Kohail ◽  
Shatirah Akib
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Behavior Characteristics ◽  
Different Levels

Aggregates are generally thought of as inert filler within a concrete mix, and a typical concrete mix is comprised of as much as 70–80% of them. They play an essential role in the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. Nowadays, scientists are aiming to use waste materials, thereby replacing natural aggregates for economic and environmental considerations. This study investigates the effect of the utilization of steel slag by-product aggregates (air- and water-cooled slag) as concrete aggregates on the behavior characteristics of concrete. Various concrete mixtures, with different levels of replacement of slag aggregate (50, 75, and 100%), were conducted in order to find the optimum percentages to improve the microstructure and different properties of concrete (fresh and hardened). The results showed that increasing the fine aggregate replacement percentage led to a decrease in compressive strength values, in contrast with coarse aggregate replaced with slag aggregate. The steel slag aggregates showed potential to be used as replacement for natural aggregate with comparable compressive strength and acceptable workability.

scholarly journals The Incorporation of Steel Slag into Belite-Sulfoaluminate Cement Clinkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Lea Žibret ◽  
Katarina Šter ◽  
Maruša Borštnar ◽  
Mojca Loncnar ◽  
Sabina Dolenec
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Hydration Kinetics ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Cement Clinkers ◽  
Potential Use

The potential use of steel slag from treated steel slag in belite-sulfoaluminate cements was investigated in this study. Cement clinkers with two phase compositions were synthesized, allowing the incorporation of different amounts of steel slag. The phase composition and microstructure of cement clinkers at three different sintering temperatures were studied by X-ray powder diffraction and the Rietveld method, as well as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. The results showed that the targeted phase composition of clinkers was achieved at a sintering temperature of 1250 °C. However, a higher amount of perovskite instead of ferrite was detected in the clinker with a higher content of Ti-bearing bauxite. Apart from the main phases, such as belite, calcium sulfoaluminate, and ferrite, several minor phases were identified, including mayenite, perovskite, periclase, and alkali sulfates. In both clinker mixtures, a higher content of MgO in the steel slags resulted in the formation of periclase. Furthermore, the hydration kinetics and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days were studied in two cements prepared from clinkers sintered at 1250 °C. As evidenced by the results of isothermal calorimetry, the hydration kinetics were also influenced by the minor clinker phases. Cement with a higher content of calcium sulfoaluminate phase developed a higher compressive strength.

Earphone terminal quality improvement through sequential experimental design

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen He ◽  
Xu-tao Zhang ◽  
Gui-qing Xie ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Model ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Full Factorial

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the key quality performance of the terminal of earphone in an electronic company. Design/methodology/approach – Sequential experimental designs are employed. Significant input variables are found through a full factorial design. Then a response surface model is constructed considering curvature in the linear model. Findings – Optimized key input variables’ parameters are found using the response surface model. The key quality performance, coplanarity of the terminal of earphone has been improved. Research limitations/implications – Instead of running a full factorial design in the first stage, a fractional factorial may be used to reduce experimental runs. Practical implications – The paper presents a good solution for reducing defects caused by large coplanarity of a kind of earphone terminal. Originality/value – The methodology used in this case can be easily extended to similar cases.

scholarly journals Studi Mengenai Perlakuan Agregat Berukuran 2,38 mm ­ 4,75 mm sebagai Agregat Kasar dalam Campuran Beton (Hal. 22-31)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ramdani ◽  
Priyanto Saelan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Cylinder Diameter ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Crushed Aggregate

ABSTRAKBatu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm tidak digunakan dalam campuran beton. Jika campuran beton dirancang menggunakan batu pecah ini sebagai agregat kasar, maka campuran beton yang dihasilkan diduga tidak akan mengalami segregasi untuk semua kelecakan, lebih homogen, dan jika diberi bahan tambahan superplasticizer diduga dapat dengan mudah berperilaku sebagai campuran beton memadat mandiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan dugaan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan kuat tekan rencana 30 MPa, slump 40 mm dan 100 mm, tanpa dan dengan bahan tambahan superplasticizer dengan dosis 1% dan 1,5%. Perancangan campuran beton dengan cara Dreux menggunakan faktor granular 0,40; 0,45; 0,50; dan 0,55. Pengujian kuat tekan pada benda uji silinder diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm membuktikan bahwa dugaan tersebut adalah benar, dan perancangan campuran beton dengan memperlakukan batu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm sebagai agregat kasar dapat dilakukan untuk faktor granular 0,40 – 0,50.Kata kunci: batu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm,agregat kasar,superplasticizer ABSTRACT2.38 mm – 4.75 mm crushed aggregate size is not used in concrete mix. If this crushed aggregate is used as coarse aggregate, the resulting concrete mix is assumed will not segregate in all workability, more homogeneous, and it will behave easily as self-compacting concrete by adding superplasticizer. This research was conducted to prove these assumption. Concrete mix with compressive strength of 30 MPa, 40 mm and 100 mm slump is made using Dreux method with granular factor 0.40; 0.45; 0.50; and 0.55. The doses of superplasticizer is 1% and 1.5% by cement weight. Compressive strength tests of 10 cm diameter and 20 cm height cylinder diameter showed these assumption is true, and concrete mix can be designed using granular factor 0.40 – 0.50.Keywords: 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm crushed aggregate size, coarse aggregate, superplasticizer

scholarly journals Effect of Partial Replacement of Slag and Nano Silica Infused Slag on Properties of Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Prakash Mallappa Munnoli ◽  
Tejashwini R. Pattar ◽  
Jyoti S. Garawad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Normal Form ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Slag Properties ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

Investigations were carried out on the changes in properties of concrete when steel slag is used in concrete in its normal form and after modifying its properties by infusing it with nano-silica. The sand is replaced by steel slag and modified steel slag by 10%, 20% and 30% in M30 grade concrete. Tests results on compressive strength and workability of concrete revealed that compressive strength of concrete cubes after 28 days increased by 25.4%, 26.4% and 45.2% for 10%, 20% and 30% respectively after replacing sand by steel slag. After modification of steel slag properties by infusing it with nano silica, the 28 days compressive strength was observed to be increased by 38.19%, 35.80% and 27.89% for 10%, 20% and 30% as compared to traditional concrete mix respectively after replacement. Infusing steel slag with nano silica increased the compressive strength of concrete mix by 20.17%, 25.74% and 49.64% for 10%, 20% and 30% respectively when compared to normal steel slag concrete mix. It was also observed that using steel slag in concrete mix also influences on water consumption in concrete mix. Workability tests conducted using 0.45 and 0.5 w/c ratio and the inference was that the workability increased with the increase in percentage of steel slag but workability decreases with the increase in percentage of modified steel slag.

scholarly journals Effect of Maximum Aggregate Size on the Bond Strength of Reinforcements in Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2892-2896
Author(s):  
S. Iqbal ◽  
N. Ullah ◽  
A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Strength Calculation ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Concrete Mix

The bond between reinforcements and concrete is the only mechanism that transfers the tensile stresses from concrete to reinforcements. Several factors including chemical adhesion, roughness and reinforcement interface and bar bearing affect the bond strength of reinforcements with concrete. This work was carried out considering another varying factor which is maximum aggregate size. Four mixes of concrete with similar compressive strengths but different maximum aggregate sizes of 25.4mm, 19.05mm, 12.7mm and 9.53mm were used with the same bar size of 16mm. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and bond strength for each concrete mix were studied. Test results depict a slight increase in compressive and splitting tensile strength with decrease in maximum aggregate size. The bond strength remained at the same level with decrease in maximum aggregate size except at maximum aggregate size of 9.53mm when there was a drop in bond strength, despite better compressive and splitting tensile strengths. ACI-318 and FIB-2010 codes equation for bond strength calculation work well only when the maximum aggregate size is 12.7mm and above. Therefore, maximum aggregate size is critical for bond strength when smaller size aggregates are used.

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