scholarly journals Electrochemical promoted catalysis: Towards practical utilization

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Tsiplakides ◽  
Stella Balomenou
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Hydrogen Technologies ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
Monolithic Electropromoted Reactor

Electrochemical promotion (EP) of catalysis has already been recognized as 'a valuable development in catalytic research' (J. Pritchard, 1990) and as 'one of the most remarkable advances in electrochemistry since 1950' (J. O'M. Bockris, 1996). Laboratory studies have clearly elucidated the phenomenology of electrochemical promotion and have proven that EP is a general phenomenon at the interface of catalysis and electrochemistry. The major progress toward practical utilization of EP is surveyed in this paper. The focus is given on the electropromotion of industrial ammonia synthesis catalyst, the bipolar EP and the development of a novel monolithic electropromoted reactor (MEPR) in conjunction with the electropromotion of thin sputtered metal films. Future perspectives of electrochemical promotion applications in the field of hydrogen technologies are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Residues on Pesticide Behavior in Soils: A Review of Laboratory Research

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
María J. Carpio ◽  
María J. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz ◽  
Jesús M. Marín-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The management of large volumes of organic residues generated in different livestock, urban, agricultural and industrial activities is a topic of environmental and social interest. The high organic matter content of these residues means that their application as soil organic amendments in agriculture is considered one of the more sustainable options, as it could solve the problem of the accumulation of uncontrolled wastes while improving soil quality and avoiding its irreversible degradation. However, the behavior of pesticides applied to increase crop yields could be modified in the presence of these amendments in the soil. This review article addresses how the adsorption–desorption, dissipation and leaching of pesticides in soils is affected by different organic residues usually applied as organic amendments. Based on the results reported from laboratory studies, the influence on these processes has been evaluated of multiple factors related to organic residues (e.g., origin, nature, composition, rates, and incubation time of the amended soils), pesticides (e.g., with different use, structure, characteristics, and application method), and soils with different physicochemical properties. Future perspectives on this topic are also included for highlighting the need to extend these laboratory studies to field and modelling scale to better assess and predict pesticide fate in amended soil scenarios.

Recurrence of Kills of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus) Caused by Dinoflagellate Toxins Transferred Through Herbivorous Zooplankton

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2262-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. White
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Herbivorous Zooplankton ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus

Kills of adult herring occurred in two locations in the southwestern Bay of Fundy in July 1979 during a bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax excavata. Fish showed the same symptoms as in a herring kill linked to G. excavata toxins in 1976. Herring stomachs contained G. excavata toxins (66–245 μg/100 g guts), the cladoceran Evadne nordmanni, and yellow-brown material probably of algal origin. At the time of the kills the zooplankton community was overwhelmingly dominated by E. nordmanni. Furthermore, bioassays showed the presence of G. excavata toxins in the zooplankters (18 μg/g wet plankton). Combined with evidence from the 1976 kill in which pteropods were vectors of the toxins, and with results from recent field and laboratory studies, these new observations and results substantiate that (1) G. excavata toxins can, and do, cause herring kills in nature with planktonic herbivores, E. nordmanni in this case, acting as vectors, and (2) the toxin transfer mechanism is a general phenomenon among herbivorous zooplankton. Similar food chain events may affect finfish in other areas of the world which experience blooms of toxic dinoflagellates.Key words: dinoflagellate toxins, Gonyaulax excavata, herring kills, Clupea harengus harengus, cladoceran, Evadne nordmanni, red tides, zooplankton, fish kills

Monolithic electrochemically promoted reactors: A step for the practical utilization of electrochemical promotion

2006 ◽  
Vol 177 (26-32) ◽  
pp. 2201-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S BALOMENOU ◽  
D TSIPLAKIDES ◽  
A KATSAOUNIS ◽  
S BROSDA ◽  
A HAMMAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Promotion ◽  
Practical Utilization

ChemInform Abstract: High-Pressure Electrochemical Promotion of Ammonia Synthesis over an Industrial Iron Catalyst.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
C. G. Yiokari ◽  
G. E. Pitselis ◽  
D. G. Polydoros ◽  
A. D. Katsaounis ◽  
C. G. Vayenas
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Iron Catalyst ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion

High-Pressure Electrochemical Promotion of Ammonia Synthesis over an Industrial Iron Catalyst

2000 ◽  
Vol 104 (46) ◽  
pp. 10600-10602 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Yiokari ◽  
G. E. Pitselis ◽  
D. G. Polydoros ◽  
A. D. Katsaounis ◽  
C. G. Vayenas
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Iron Catalyst ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion

Effective electrode design and the reaction mechanism for electrochemical promotion of ammonia synthesis using Fe-based electrode catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Chien-I. Li ◽  
Hiroki Matsuo ◽  
Junichiro Otomo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion ◽  
Electrode Design ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ammonia Formation

Effective electrode design is investigated and a very high ammonia formation rate via EPOC is achieved using the Fe catalyst at high temperature.

Modeling and validation of chlorination breakpoint with nitrite in wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehab I. Khawaga ◽  
Sameer Al-Asheh ◽  
Nabil Abdel Jabbar ◽  
Mohamed Abouleish
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Nitrite Content

Abstract Chlorination in wastewater treatment is regarded as a complicated process due to its ammonia and nitrite content. Chlorine added to such systems reacts with ammonia undergoing episodes of complex reactions resulting in the chlorination breakpoint behavior. Most of the available chlorination mechanistic models are not easily applied which has restricted their practical utilization in treatment plants. In this study, a new mechanistic model for the chlorination breakpoint in ammonia-nitrite systems is suggested with a user-friendly interface and to be applicable with conditions occurring in wastewater treatment plants. The model was validated against laboratory studies reported in the literature and was also applied to forecast chlorine residual in a wastewater treatment plant in the region. The model simulated both experimental and field data reasonably well.

Electrochemical promotion of the SO2 oxidation over thin Pt films interfaced with YSZ in a monolithic electropromoted reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hammad ◽  
S. Souentie ◽  
E.I. Papaioannou ◽  
S. Balomenou ◽  
D. Tsiplakides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Promotion ◽  
So2 Oxidation ◽  
Pt Films ◽  
Monolithic Electropromoted Reactor
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