scholarly journals To crimea via Belgrade: Thomas Fonblanque to Lord Raglan 1854-1855

Balcanica ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Cedomir Antic
Keyword(s):  
The Balkans ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Commander In Chief

Eleven letters sent to Lord Raglan, Commander-in-Chief of British troops in the Crimea in 1854 and 1855, by Thomas Fonblanque, British Consul General at Belgrade, constitute a little known group of documents that provided useful information for the Allied campaign in the Balkans and the Crimea. The paper, however, pays special attention to the Consul?s "Sanitary Memorandum", as it reflects the scope of interest and range of knowledge of the average British diplomat at the time.

Taxonomic redefinition of Bupleurum pauciradiatum and B. wolffianum (Apiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 365 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
STOYAN STOYANOV
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Species Description ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sea Coast

Bupleurum pauciradiatum is recorded for the first time in the Balkans. It was discovered in the Kaliakra Reserve, the Bulgarian North Black Sea coast. A revised species description and comparison with its morphologically closest taxa—B. asperuloides and B. wolffianum—are given. The name B. pauciradiatum was misused in the countries of Transcaucasia for B. wolffianum. Bupleurum wolffianum is found conspecific with B. leptocladum, and the latter is reduced into synonymy. The records of B. pauciradiatum in the Crimea belong to B. asperuloides.

Evacuation of the Crimea of 1920 according to the memoirs of contemporaries (to the centenary of the “Russian Exodus”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Anna Volodko
Keyword(s):  
General Situation ◽  
The South ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
The Given ◽  
Commander In Chief

The article is devoted to the events related with the evacuation of the defeated White Russian Army and civilians from the Crimea in November 1920 under the leadership of Lieutenant General Baron P.N. Wrangel. The developments in the South of Russia are analyzed on the basis of accounts by eyewitnesses. Special attention is paid to their estimates of the general situation of the White Crimea and P.N. Wrangel’s activities as its head, the weak points in the organization of the Peninsula’s defence, as well as issues concerning the planning and carrying out of the evacuation itself. The author concluded that in the given circumstances the efficient actions of Lieutenant General P.N. Wrangel, Commander in Chief of the Russian Army in the Crimea, ensured that as many White soldiers and civilians as possible were evacuated to Constantinople, thus saving them from imminent death during the consequent Red Terror.

The Ottoman Emigration to America,1860–1914

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal H. Karpat
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Large Groups

Population movements have always played a major role in the life of Islam and particularly the Middle East. During the nineteenth century, however, the transfer of vast numbers of people from one region to another profoundly altered the social, ethnic, and religious structure of the Ottoman state—that is, the Middle East and the Balkans. The footloose tribes of eastern Anatolia, Syria, Iraq, and the Arabian peninsula were spurred into motion on an unprecedented scale by economic and social events, and the Ottoman government was forced to undertake settlement measures that had widespread effects. The Ottoman-Russian wars, which began in 1806 and occurred at intervals throughout the century, displaced large groups of people, predominantly Muslims from the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands. Uprooted from their ancestral homelands, they eventually settled in Anatolia, Syria (inclusive of the territories of modern-day Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel as well as modern Syria), and northern Iraq. These migrations continued until the time of the First World War. In addition, after 1830 waves of immigrants came from Algeria—especially after Abdel Kader ended his resistance to the French—and from Tunisia as well. These people too settled in Syria at Damascus.

Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of Bupleurum boissieri, B. aequiradiatum and B. gerardi (Apiaceae) in the Balkans

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 392 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
STOYAN STOYANOV
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
First Time

Bupleurum uechtritzianum, recently described from Bulgaria, is synonymized with B. boissieri. Bupleurum boissieri, so far known for Georgia, Syria, and Turkey (Asia Minor), first becomes recognized for the Balkans (Northeastern Bulgaria and Romanian Dobrogea) and the Crimea. Bupleurum aequiradiatum, endemic to the Balkans, is reported from Romania for the first time, and is excluded from Albania and Croatia. Bupleurum gerardi does not occur in the Balkans and its records in Bulgaria belong to B. commutatum. The lectotype of B. aequiradiatum is also designated here. A dichotomous key to the Balkan representatives of Bupleurum section Juncea and close-up photographs of their diagnostic characters are provided.

scholarly journals ‘Russkiy mir’: Russian Identity as a Soft Power in the Balkans

2020 ◽  
pp. 456-472
Author(s):  
Darina Grigorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Political Idea ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spiritual Reality ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Doctrine

The research is focused on different civilizational vectors of the Russian popular doctrine ‘Russkiy mir’(i.e. ‘Russian world’) and its impact on the Balkans. The author also pays attention to the Slavic ideological vector of Russia in the Balkans – Panslavism, the historiosophic vector of Russian Idea as European and Messianic at the same time, the spiritual identity of Russkiy Mir – the ‘Holy Russia’ and the religious identity of Russian Orthodox civilization. The Great Return of Russia to the Black Sea region after the reunification with the Crimea (2014) and the transformation of the doctrine ‘Russkiy Mir’ from an "reintegration strategy" into a geopolitical reality. The Crimea is also the terminus-ante-quem of the chronological period of ‘post-Soviet Russia’ (1991–2014). The reunification with the Crimean marks the end of the post-Soviet period for Russia as well as rehabilitation of its great power status, lost after the collapse of the USSR. The Belarusian and the Ukrainian points of view about the Russkiy mir concept are also identified by the term ‘East Slavic Mir’. The Bulgarian Orthodox identity, based on the Church Slavonic or Bulgarian medieval languages – from the other side, is the spiritual historical link to Russkiy Mir. It is almost impossible to render in English the difference in the spelling between the political idea of ‘Russkiy Mir’, which is spelled “Русский мир”, and the church doctrine of ‘Russkiy Mir’, spelled “Русский мiр”. So, the ‘i’the church doctrine will be highlighted and italicized ‘i’. Conceiving of ‘Russkiy Mir’ only as an ideology or as a geopolitical doctrine underestimates the spiritual vector of ‘Russkiy Mir’. The spiritual reality is not abstract, but is a field of serious historical, cultural and geopolitical clashes. The annexation of a spiritual territory is more painful than any other territorial or material loss. The attempt on the part of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to violate canon law by assisting the Kiev authorities in favour of the schismatics (the Kiev Patriarchate) and against the Orthodox (the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate) could lead to a split in Orthodoxy into the Slavic and the Greek ones.

scholarly journals Song Repertoire and Comparative Analysis of Song Structure of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Fringillidae), from the Northeast of Balkan Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
A. N. Tsvelykh ◽  
E. D. Yablonovska-Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bird Songs ◽  
Song Repertoire ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Territorial Song ◽  
Song Types ◽  
East Carpathians

Abstract The repertoire of chaffinches from the northeast of Balkan region consists of 39 song types, 9 of them are most widespread. Comparative analysis of the chaffinch song types from the Balkans and from Caucasus, East Carpathians, Crimean Mountains, plain regions of Ukraine was done. It revealed no Balkan song types in other regions. Chaffinch songs from Balkan are similar by structure to songs from the Caucasus and East Carpathians and quite different from songs from the Crimea and Ukrainian plains. In songs of Balkan chaffinches we discovered 106 elements. Five of them are specific for local birds, 101 were found in birds from other populations. However, 37 elements are common with ones in East Carpathian populations but they were absent in chaffinch songs recorded in the Crimea and plain regions of Ukraine. Common elements in bird songs from the East Carpathians and the Balkans may be an evidence of distant relations between these territorial song complexes and/or presence of relic elements in south mountain complexes. Th e rain-calls of Balkan chaffinches radically diff er from those of birds of Crimea, plain regions of Ukraine and East Carpathians and quite identical to calls of the Caucasus birds

scholarly journals The Pruth Campaign of 1711 – Military and Political Miscalculation or Personal Surrender of Peter I?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Military ◽  
Commander In Chief

The paper discusses the new monograph, published in 2019 by V. A. Artamonov, well-known researcher of the Petrine epoch. His book is dedicated to studying the military conflict between Russia and Ottoman empire in 1710–1713. The author shows clearly that Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III and his commander in chief Mehmed Pasha had no plan of any invasions to Russia, but wanted just return to the borders before 1696 in the Priazovye region. Peter I, planning his expedition to Moldavia in 1711, did not take to consideration the experience of Austrian and Polish campaigns against Ottomans in the end of the 17th century. This led to encirclement and blockade of the Russian army by the Ottoman forces on the Pruth river (July 9–12, 1711). Under these conditions Peter I could not make a decision to fight, but preferred to negotiate peace, although Russian army was quite able to defeat enemy. The Ottoman side willingly agreed to make peace, which was supported by giving almost 300.000 Rubles to commander in chief Mehmed Pasha and his staff. After that Russia lost some fortresses in the Priazovye region and political influence on the Christian peoples under Ottoman rule in the Balkans. This monograph could be highly recommended for academic scholars, teachers and students of higher education institutions.

scholarly journals СОЛУНСКИ ФРОНТ У МЕМОАРСКИМ БЕЛЕШКАМА ГЕНЕРАЛА МОРИСА САРАЈА И МАРШАЛА ФРАНШЕ Д’ЕПЕРЕА THESSALONIKI FRONT IN MEMOIRS OF GENERAL MAURICE SARRAIL AND MARSHAL FRANCHET D’ESPEREY

2020 ◽  
pp. 443-469
Author(s):  
Биљана Стојић
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
First World

У раду смо на основу дневничких бележака двојице француских официра, генерала Мориса Сараја и маршала Франше Д’Епереа дали приказ Солунског фронта и рата на Балкану у периоду од јесени 1915. када је фронт успостављен до његовог пробоја у септембру 1918. године. Морис Сарај је био први заповедник Источне армије (јул 1915 – децембар 1917) док је Франше Д’Епере био њен трећи и последњи командант (јун 1918 – јул 1920). Реч је о двојици по свему различитим историјским личностима чија ће нам компаративна анализа омогућити свеобухватно разматрање рата на Балкану и однос Савезника према овом, за њих, другоразредном фронту. У фокусу нашег истраживања су њихов однос и сарадња са српском војском, као и њихово виђење улоге и значаја Солунског фронта у свеукупној победи Антанте над Централним силама у Првом светском рату. Based on memoirs of two French officers – General Maurice Sarrail and Marshal Franchet D’Esperèy, the paper gives an overview of the Thessaloniki front and the war in the Balkans from autumn 1915, when the front was established, until its breakthrough in September 1918. Maurice Sarrail was the first commander-in-chief of L’Armée d’Orient (July 1915 – December 1917) and Franchet D’Esperèy was its third and last commander (June 1918 – July 1920). These are two entirely different historical personalities and the comparative analysis of them will enable us to comprehensively examine the war in the Balkans and the Allies’ attitude towards this, in their view, second-rate front. Our research focuses on their relationship and cooperation with the Serbian army, and their view of the role and importance of the Thessaloniki front in the Entente’s victory over the Central Powers in the First World War.

scholarly journals GLAZED POTTERY MANUFACTURING IN CRIMEA AT THE TIMES OF ULUG ULUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-83
Author(s):  
I. B. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Trading Posts ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Individual

Different questions related to the manufacturing of glazed pottery in Taurica during the Jochid state and the Genoese colonization are in the sphere of scientists’ interests for more than a century. Significant increase of the archeological collections in the last decades of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, together with the more progressive approaches to the analysis of large volumes of ceramics, and the using of archeometrical methods, allow to reach a new level of study in this field. Now on the territory of the Crimea are known at least 10 pottery workshops, which have appeared at different times in the period from the last quarter of the 13th (not earlier than the end of the 1260s) to the first quarter of the 15th century and 6 site with single evidence of such manufacturing. 9 workshops were located in five medieval town of the peninsula: 2 — in Kaffa (Theodosia), 2 — in Soldaya (Sudak), at least 2 — in Solhat (Staryi Krym), one in Lusta (Alushta) and in Chambalo (Balaklava). Two more workshops (the earliest ones among known) were found at the settlement of the potters Bokatash II in Solkhat vicinity. Visual, and in some cases archeometrical characteristics of their products were determined. So it became possible to estimate the volumes of the glazed pottery manufacturing of various regions of the peninsula (South-Eastern and South-Western Crimea), as well as the individual workshops, in particular in Alushta, Balaklava and Bokatash. In addition, it allowed to determine the geography, volume and dynamics of the trade by glazed pottery from Crimea. The last one began to form an appreciable part of the ceramic assemblages outside the peninsula from around the 1320s. At the beginning of the glazed ceramics production in Taurica the distinction in cultural traditions among the workshops were well visible. Some of them presumably may indicate the origin of the craftsmen from the territory of Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Eastern Mediterranean, the Balkans, and possibly Central Asia, and may be even Italy. Subsequently, around the last third of the 14th century, this individuality is gradually replaced by standardization of production. The leader in this craft became the Genoese trading posts, headed by Caffa.

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