scholarly journals Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize hybrids in different maturity groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Ana Obradovic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Maturity Groups

In the present study, the frequency of toxigenic fungi and occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins (FBs) in the kernels of six maize hybrids from different FAO maturity groups (ZP 341, ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 560, ZP 606, ZP 666) in three localities (Belosavci, Ladjevci and Divci) in Serbia, during the harvest in 2013, was investigated. Using standard mycological tests of maize kernels, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi species from the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium was found. In the studied localities, species Fusarium verticillioides was the most frequently isolated from the most hybrids, with a maximum frequency of 30%, while the presence of Aspergillus spp. ranged from 0 to 16%, and Penicillium spp. from 0 to 20%. By applying Immunoadsorbent enzymatic assay (ELISA) the concentrations of AFB1, DON and FBs were determined in maize. The differences between tested hybrids in the level of mycotoxins in kernels were statistically significant (P?0.01) for DON and FBs, but not for the content of AFB1. Also, the interaction between the hybrid and location was significant (P?0.01) for the level of DON and FBs, while there was no statistical significance for the level of AFB1. Maximum values of AFB1, DON and FBs level were 1.02 ?g kg-1 (ZP 427), 12 ?g kg-1 (ZP 341) and 1528.56 ?g kg-1 (ZP 427). The concentrations of the tested mycotoxins in kernels did not exceed the maximum allowed limits stipulated by Serbian regulations (Sluzbeni glasnik RS, 2014). Given that agro-ecological conditions in Serbia are favourable for the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins, it is necessary to exert the control of maize kernels annually, in harvest and postharvest periods.

scholarly journals Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Milos Lukic ◽  
Nenad Micic ◽  
Tanja Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Spp

This study was carried out in order to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungi and levels of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the maize stored immediately after harvesting in 2016 and used for animal feed in Serbia. A total of 22 maize samples were collected from four different districts across the country: City of Belgrade (nine samples), Sumadija (eight samples), Podunavlje (four samples) and Kolubara (one sample). Toxigenic fungi were identified according to the morphological characteristics whereas the mycotoxins contamination were detected using biochemistry enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent (ELISA) assay. The tested samples were mostly infected with Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp., except that one sample originated from Kolubara was not contaminated with Aspergillus species. Fusarium graminearum was the most common species in the maize sample from Kolubara district (60%), F. verticillioides in the maize samples from Podunavlje (43.75%) and City of Belgrade (22.4%) districts, and Penicillium spp. in the maize samples from Sumadija district (26.38%). In the analysed maize samples the presence of Aspergillus species was low (0-1.78%). Mycotoxicological analysis revealed the presence of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in all the investigated samples, except that DON and AFB1 were not recorded in the samples from Podunavlje and Kolubara districts, respectively. The investigated samples were highly contaminated with ZEA, with incidence of 100% for the samples from Sumadija, Podunavlje and Kolubara districts and 88.89% for the samples from City of Belgrade district. In addition, the samples contamination with DON was 100% and 22.2% for the samples from Sumadija, Kolubara and City of Belgrade, districts, respectively. The highest number of AFB1 positive samples was found in Sumadija district (87.5%), while in the City of Belgrade and Podunavlje districts, 55.56% and 50% AFB1 positive samples were established, respectively. Generally, remarkable infection of all the tested samples with toxigenic fungal species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera were recorded. In addition, high contamination with mycotoxins ZEA, DON and AFB1 were also recorded; nevertheless, only in one sample the level of DON exceeded the allowed legal limit (1750 ?g kg-1) according to Regulation for unprocessed maize. Therefore, permanent mycological and mycotoxicological analyses of maize grain are necessary for risk assessment of fungal and mycotoxin contamination throughout the food chain.

scholarly journals Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize

2013 ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Tanja Petrovic ◽  
Milos Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Predominant Species

Incidence of toxigenic fungi (molds) and concentration of mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin (FB1) were studied in the maize grains collected immediately after harvesting in 2012. A total of 29 maize samples were analyzed and the highest incidence was determined for fungal species of Rhizopus (56.41%), Aspergillus (43.66%) and Fusarium (14.97%) genera. Significantly lower incidence was obtained for species of genus Penicillium (3.31%), and especially for species of genera Acremonium (1.38%), Alternaria (0.75%) and Cladosporium (0.14%). Among toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (36.69%) was the most common species of As?pergillus genus, whereas the Fusarium verticillioides with 14.69% of incidence was the predominant species of Fusarium genus. In all studied maize samples, the presence of AFB1, ZON and FB1 mycotoxins was established, except for DON which was established in 75.86% samples. AFB1 was detected in average concentration of 13.95 ?g kg-1 for 44.83% of samples, and average concentration higher than 40 ?g kg-1 for 55.17% of samples. The average concentrations of DON which was detected was 235 ?g kg-1, while it was 98.38 ?g kg-1 and 3590 ?g kg-1 for the presence of ZON and FB1, respectively. Moderate positive correla?tion was obtained between concentrations of AFB1 and FB1 (r=0.35), while weak positive correlation was established between concentrations ZON and DON (r=0.02).

scholarly journals Mycobiota and mycotoxins in freshly harvested and stored maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
N. Delic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
V. Mandic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Maize Kernel ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The incidence of mycobiota and mycotoxin levels were investigated in the freshly harvested maize kernel samples from October 2014 and in the samples of stored maize kernels from February 2015. Toxigenic fungal species (moulds) were isolated, cultivated and identified on agar plates according to standard mycological methods, while mycotoxins were detected by enzymelinked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Mycological analyses of kernels showed the presence of toxigenic species from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Among the Aspergillus species, Aspergillus flavus was identified with higher incidence in the stored kernels (10.25%), than in freshly harvested kernels (3.67%) whereas A. parasiticus was the predominant species in the freshly harvested kernels (4.17%) compared to the stored kernels (0%). From the genus Fusarium three species were identified: F. graminearum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides, with the incidence of 1.08%, 8% and 25.75%, respectively in freshly harvested kernels and the incidence of 2.50%, 7.10% and 29.75%, respectively in the stored kernels. Species from genus Penicillium had higher incidence in freshly harvested kernels (14.25%) than in the stored kernels (9%). In addition, tested samples of harvested and stored maize kernels were 100% positive with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 (FBs). The mean levels of AFB1, DON and FBs were 2.77 ?g kg-1, 117.83 ?g kg-1, and 3700.84 ?g kg-1, respectively in the freshly harvested kernels and a mean levels of 2.16 ?g kg-1, 2034.40 ?g kg-1, and 5976.50 ?g kg-1, respectively in the stored maize kernels. In the freshly harvested maize kernel samples, statistically significant (P ? 0.05) positive correlations of kernel moisture content with the incidence of Penicillium spp. (r = 0.47), and levels of AFB1 (r = 0.46) and FBs (r = 0.47), and between the incidence of Penicillium spp. and level of AFB1 (r = 0.53) were established. In the stored maize kernel samples, statistically significant (P ? 0.05) positive correlations were found between the incidence of F. subglutinans and level of FBs (r = 0.50) and between levels AFB1 and FBs (r = 0.52). A highly significant (P ? 0.01) positive correlation was established between the incidence of F. verticillioides and level of FBs (r = 0.64) in freshly harvested maize kernel samples. These results indicate that the incidence of toxigenic fungi and levels of mycotoxins, in particular DON and FBs, were higher in the stored maize kernel samples than in freshly harvested maize kernels. Therefore, to prevent the development of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins accumulation in post-harvest period it is necessary to thoroughly dry maize and keep it in hygienic food storages.

Transcriptional changes in developing maize kernels in response to fumonisin-producing and nonproducing strains of Fusarium verticillioides

Plant Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lanubile ◽  
Antonio Logrieco ◽  
Paola Battilani ◽  
Robert H. Proctor ◽  
Adriano Marocco
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Maize Kernels

scholarly journals Environmental Variability of Thousand Kernel Weight in Maize Hybrids of Different Maturity Groups

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Domagoj Stepinac ◽  
Hrvoje Šarčević ◽  
Ivica Buhiniček ◽  
Mirko Jukić ◽  
Bojan Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Component Trait ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Maturity Groups

Thousand kernel weight (TKW) is an important yield component trait affected by the environmental conditions. This study’s objectives were to determine an environmental variability for the TKW in 32 maize hybrids, sorted in four FAO maturity groups (FAO300, 400, 500 and 600), and to compare 12 environments in Croatia (six locations in two years) according to the joint linear regression and stability analyses across the maturity groups. In general, the effects of the environment, genotype, and their interaction (GEI) were significant. A three-factor ANOVA revealed the greatest and highly significant year effect, while the location effect was non-significant across all four FAO groups. A stability analysis did not detect any preferences with regard to the locations and trends across the FAO groups. It indicates that all locations in the Pannonian region included in this study were suitable for an evaluation of the TKW in maize genotypes belonging to all maturity groups. The TKW seems to be an appropriate yield-component trait for maize breeding due to a high heritability and linear GEI nature.

Impact of insecticide treatments onOstrinia nubilalis(Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and their influence on the mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1170-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo A Saladini ◽  
Massimo Blandino ◽  
Amedeo Reyneri ◽  
Alberto Alma
Keyword(s):  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Maize Kernels

scholarly journals Novel Approaches to Minimizing Mycotoxin Contamination

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Mar Rodríguez ◽  
Félix Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Novel Approaches

Contamination of foods and agricultural commodities by various types of toxigenic fungi is a concerning issue for human and animal health [...]

Physiological and biochemical insights into the basal level of resistance of two maize hybrids in response to Fusarium verticillioides infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 194-210
Author(s):  
Isaias S. Cacique ◽  
Luiz F.C.C. Pinto ◽  
Carlos E. Aucique-Pérez ◽  
João A. Wordell Filho ◽  
Fabrício A. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical
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