scholarly journals Improved diagnostic strategy for foot-and-mouth disease in Bulgaria

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
L. Polichronova ◽  
G. Georgiev ◽  
A. Teneva ◽  
S. Chakarova ◽  
I. Chenchev
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Foot-and-mouth-disease is severe, highly contagious disease of cloven - hoofed animals that affects large animal livestock species and various wildlife species. Different countries has a different FMD status which require a disparate approach defining the diagnostic and control strategy. A variety of new diagnostic tests and procedures was developed to improve FMD laboratory diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contemporary diagnostic tools and the ability of our laboratory to detect FMD virus or viral genome in field samples and cell culture fluids using an Ag ELISA, TaqMan real-time RT-PCR and Virus isolation combined with chromatographic - LFD (lateral flow devises) tests. .

Evaluation of automated RT-PCR to accelerate the laboratory diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Reid ◽  
Sylvia S Grierson ◽  
Nigel P Ferris ◽  
Geoffrey H Hutchings ◽  
Soren Alexandersen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Combining Multiple Assays Improves Detection and Serotyping of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. A Practical Example with Field Samples from East Africa

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Efrem Foglia ◽  
Tiziana Lembo ◽  
Rudovick Kazwala ◽  
Divine Ekwem ◽  
Gabriel Shirima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Multiple serotypes and topotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) circulate in endemic areas, posing considerable impacts locally. In addition, introductions into new areas are of great concern. Indeed, in recent years, multiple FMDV outbreaks, caused by topotypes that have escaped from their original areas, have been recorded in various parts of the world. In both cases, rapid and accurate diagnosis, including the identification of the serotype and topotype causing the given outbreaks, plays an important role in the implementation of the most effective and appropriate measures to control the spread of the disease. In the present study, we describe the performance of a range of diagnostic and typing tools for FMDV on a panel of vesicular samples collected in northern Tanzania (East Africa, EA) during 2012–2018. Specifically, we tested these samples with a real-time RT-PCR targeting 3D sequence for pan-FMDV detection; an FMDV monoclonal antibody-based antigen (Ag) detection and serotyping ELISA kit; virus isolation (VI) on LFBKαVβ6 cell line; and a panel of four topotype-specific real-time RT-PCRs, specifically tailored for circulating strains in EA. The 3D real-time RT-PCR showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity, but it lacked typing capacity. Ag-ELISA detected and typed FMDV in 71% of sample homogenates, while VI combined with Ag-ELISA for typing showed an efficiency of 82%. The panel of topotype-specific real-time RT-PCRs identified and typed FMDV in 93% of samples. However, the SAT1 real-time RT-PCR had the highest (20%) failure rate. Briefly, topotype-specific real-time RT-PCRs had the highest serotyping capacity for EA FMDVs, although four assays were required, while the Ag-ELISA, which was less sensitive, was the most user-friendly, hence suitable for any laboratory level. In conclusion, when the four compared tests were used in combination, both the diagnostic and serotyping performances approached 100%.

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Investigation of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and other animal pathogens at the Interface of Akagera National Park and Surrounding Cattle Farms between 2017 and 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Claude C Udahemuka ◽  
Gabriel Oluga Aboge ◽  
George Ogello Obiero ◽  
Angelique Ingabire ◽  
Natasha Beeton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Background: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is a positive-sense RNA virus of the family of the picornaviride and responsible for the disease with the highest economic impact, the Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). FMD is endemic in Rwanda but there are gaps in knowing the seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology. This study reports the FMD seroprevalence and molecular characterization of FMDV in Eastern Rwanda. Surveillance in FMDV wild reservoirs, the African buffaloes, was also carried out revealing the presence of other pathogens and commensals. Results: The overall seroprevalence of FMD in the study area is at 9.36% in cattle and 2.65% in goats. We detected FMDV using molecular diagnostic tools such as RT-PCR and RT-LAMP and the phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences revealed the presence of serotype SAT 2, lineage II. Sequencing of oropharyngeal fluids collected from African buffaloes revealed the presence of several pathogens and commensals but no FMDV was detected in buffaloes. The plethora of pathogens identified from the buffalo gut gives an idea of the health challenges faced by cattle keepers in Eastern Rwanda due to possible cross infectivity on wildlife-domestic animals interface regions. Conclusions: We recommend further studies to focus on sampling more African buffaloes since the number sampled was statistically insignificant to conclusively exclude the presence or absence of FMDV in Eastern Rwanda buffaloes. The use of RT-PCR alongside RT-LAMP demonstrates that the latter can be adopted in endemic areas such as Rwanda to fill in the gaps in terms of molecular diagnostics. The identification of lineage II of SAT 2 in Rwanda for the first time shows that the pools as previously established are not static over time.

scholarly journals Simultaneous enterovirus EV-D68 and CVA6 infections causing acute respiratory distress syndrome and hand, foot and mouth disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanildo Pedro de Sousa ◽  
Heloísa Ihle Giamberardino ◽  
Sonia Mara Raboni ◽  
Maria Carmo Debur ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Chinese Strain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Background Although most enterovirus (EV) infections can be asymptomatic, these viral agents can cause serious conditions associated with central nervous system, respiratory disease and uncommon manifestations of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). EV-coinfections have been rarely reported with development of complications and severe clinical outcome. An atypical case of a child presenting HFMD and severe acute respiratory syndrome, co-infected with EV-D68 and CVA6, is reported herein. Case presentation A 3-year-old boy was admitted in the emergency department unit showing fever, abdominal pain and tachycardia. Twenty-four hours after hospitalization the child developed severe clinical symptoms associated with HFMD and was discharged after recovery. Two days later, the child was readmitted with fever, cough and respiratory distress. RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing confirmed positivity for EV-D68 and CVA6 in oro and nasopharynges swabs and vesicles fluid, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 gene sequences suggested that CVA6 was closely related with HFMD viruses circulating in Turkey, while EV-D68 was genetically related to a Chinese strain. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first report of a double infection caused by CVA6 and EV-D68, which shed light on the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections. Further studies must be conducted to ascertain the role and clinical significance of EV co-infections, as well as a potential synergistic pathway between these viruses.

scholarly journals Synthetic peptide vaccine for Foot-and-Mouth Disease: synthesis, characterization and immunogenicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Mansuroğlu ◽  
Serap Derman ◽  
Kadriye Kızılbey ◽  
Sezen Canım Ateş ◽  
Zeynep Mustafaeva Akdeste
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Free Peptide ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundThe conjugations of antigenic synthetic peptide sequences with carrier polymers have opened new possibilities for the treatment of diseases. In this study, 135–161 peptide sequence of VP1 capsid protein of Foot-and-Mouth Disease was cross-linked with P(VP-co-AA) copolymer by covalent conjugation using water-soluble carbodiimide at different ratio of components (γ=5, 7, 9, 11, 15) for the first time in the literature.Materials and methodsBioconjugates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy to identify occurrences of the conjugates. After characterization, γ=15 bioconjugate was determined as optimum conjugate for immunization studies and IC50 value is calculated as 1.227 mg/mL. By determining the nontoxic range, indirect ELISA were performed to evaluate the immune response elicited in balb/c mice by either peptide or P(VP-co-AA)-peptide bioconjugates (γ=15). Two injections were applied to each group and high immune responses were obtained against γ=15 conjugate compared to free peptide and control.Results and conclusionAt the end of 9-week, the general pattern of immunoreactivity was acquired as γ=15>>peptide>control. Peptide formulated in the conjugated form had higher antibody response than free peptide and control (p<0.01, for all in both cases), this conjugate formulation put forward the adjuvant activity of P(VP-co-AA) polymer.

Assessment of foot-and-mouth disease risk areas in mainland China based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Haoran ◽  
Xiao Jianhua ◽  
Ouyang Maolin ◽  
Gao Hongyan ◽  
Bie Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. As a transboundary animal disease, the prevention and control of FMD are important. This study was based on spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess FMD risk areas in mainland China. Ten risk factors were identified for constructing risk maps by scoring, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the criteria weights of all factors. Different risk factors had different units and attributes, and fuzzy membership was used to standardize the risk factors. The weighted linear combination (WLC) and one-at-a-time (OAT) were used to obtain risk and uncertainty maps as well as to perform sensitivity analysis. Results Four major risk areas were identified in mainland China, including western (Xinjiang and Tibet), southern (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong), northern (Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia), and eastern (Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong). We found spring as the main season for FMD outbreaks. Risk areas were associated with the distance to previous outbreak points, grazing areas and cattle density. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the risk map had good predictive power (AUC = 0.8532). Conclusions These results can be used to delineate FMD risk areas in mainland China, and provinces can adopt the targeted preventive measures and control strategies.

scholarly journals Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Reid ◽  
Satya Parida ◽  
Donald P. King ◽  
Geoffrey H. Hutchings ◽  
Andrew E. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth
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