scholarly journals Foot and Mouth Disease : Etiology, Epidemiology and Control Measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Sang Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak Control Programme in Thailand 2008–2015: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terdsak Yano ◽  
Sith Premashthira ◽  
Tosapol Dejyong ◽  
Sahatchai Tangtrongsup ◽  
Mo D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Three Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in northern Thailand that occurred during the implementation of the national FMD strategic plan in 2008–2015 are described to illustrate the lessons learned and to improve the prevention and control of future outbreaks. In 2008, during a FMD outbreak on a dairy farm, milk delivery was banned for 30 days. This was a part of movement management, a key strategy for FMD control in dairy farms in the area. In 2009, more than half the animals on a pig farm were affected by FMD. Animal quarantine and restricted animal movement played a key role in preventing the spread of FMD. In 2010, FMD infection was reported in a captive elephant. The suspected source of virus was a FMD-infected cow on the same premises. The infected elephant was moved to an elephant hospital that was located in a different province before the diagnosis was confirmed. FMD education was given to elephant veterinarians to promote FMD prevention and control strategies in this unique species. These three cases illustrate how differences in outbreak circumstances and species require the implementation of a variety of different FMD control and prevention measures. Control measures and responses should be customized in different outbreak situations.

scholarly journals Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) among Animals in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Parajuli ◽  
Sudiksha Pandit ◽  
Krishna Kaphle
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Herd Structure ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
And Control

Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease, affecting all domestic as well as wild cloven-hoofed animals caused by Apthovirus of Picornaviride family. FMD is endemic in Nepal causing substantial economic losses to livestock industry mainly cattle and buffalo, directly by decreasing the production and change in herd structure, and indirectly losses by cost of FMD control. The predominant serotype responsible for endemic outbreak of FMD in Nepal is ‘O’ however serotypes ‘A’ and ‘Asia-1’ have also been detected. Peak level of occurrence is noticed during pre-monsoon (April - May) and post-monsoon (Oct-Nov) period, however it occurs throughout the year. Movement of animals within the country mainly during festival season, illegal trading of livestock between Nepal and India because of open border, poor knowledge about the disease among farmers, high cost of treatment and control, lack of strict quarantine practices are the major factors contributing to high frequency of outbreak. Cattles were most frequently affected followed by buffalo, goat, sheep and pig. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the current scenario of FMD in Nepal, its transmission, diagnostic approaches and prevention and control measures. This paper is based on review of different articles from various journals, magazines, epidemiological bulletin, and reports from government of Nepal. The present approach to control this disease is through the vaccination of animal by imported multivalent vaccines. Vaccinations based on the matching of a vaccine strain to a field strain can be a better approach. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 7-13

scholarly journals Parameter-dependent transmission dynamics and optimal control of foot and mouth disease in a contaminated environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Mugabi ◽  
Joseph Mugisha ◽  
Betty Nannyonga ◽  
Henry Kasumba ◽  
Margaret Tusiime
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Optimality System ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Environmental Decontamination

AbstractThe problem of foot and mouth disease (FMD) is of serious concern to the livestock sector in most nations, especially in developing countries. This paper presents the formulation and analysis of a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of FMD through a contaminated environment. It is shown that the key parameters that drive the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment are the shedding, transmission, and decay rates of the virus. Using numerical results, it is depicted that the host-to-host route is more severe than the environmental-to-host route. The model is then transformed into an optimal control problem. Using the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the optimality system is determined. Utilizing a gradient type algorithm with projection, the optimality system is solved for three control strategies: optimal use of vaccination, environmental decontamination, and a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination. Results show that a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination is the most optimal strategy. These results indicate that if vaccination and environmental decontamination are used optimally during an outbreak, then FMD transmission can be controlled. Future studies focusing on the control measures for the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment should aim at reducing the transmission and the shedding rates, while increasing the decay rate.

scholarly journals Synthetic peptide vaccine for Foot-and-Mouth Disease: synthesis, characterization and immunogenicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Mansuroğlu ◽  
Serap Derman ◽  
Kadriye Kızılbey ◽  
Sezen Canım Ateş ◽  
Zeynep Mustafaeva Akdeste
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Free Peptide ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundThe conjugations of antigenic synthetic peptide sequences with carrier polymers have opened new possibilities for the treatment of diseases. In this study, 135–161 peptide sequence of VP1 capsid protein of Foot-and-Mouth Disease was cross-linked with P(VP-co-AA) copolymer by covalent conjugation using water-soluble carbodiimide at different ratio of components (γ=5, 7, 9, 11, 15) for the first time in the literature.Materials and methodsBioconjugates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy to identify occurrences of the conjugates. After characterization, γ=15 bioconjugate was determined as optimum conjugate for immunization studies and IC50 value is calculated as 1.227 mg/mL. By determining the nontoxic range, indirect ELISA were performed to evaluate the immune response elicited in balb/c mice by either peptide or P(VP-co-AA)-peptide bioconjugates (γ=15). Two injections were applied to each group and high immune responses were obtained against γ=15 conjugate compared to free peptide and control.Results and conclusionAt the end of 9-week, the general pattern of immunoreactivity was acquired as γ=15>>peptide>control. Peptide formulated in the conjugated form had higher antibody response than free peptide and control (p<0.01, for all in both cases), this conjugate formulation put forward the adjuvant activity of P(VP-co-AA) polymer.

Assessment of foot-and-mouth disease risk areas in mainland China based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Haoran ◽  
Xiao Jianhua ◽  
Ouyang Maolin ◽  
Gao Hongyan ◽  
Bie Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. As a transboundary animal disease, the prevention and control of FMD are important. This study was based on spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess FMD risk areas in mainland China. Ten risk factors were identified for constructing risk maps by scoring, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the criteria weights of all factors. Different risk factors had different units and attributes, and fuzzy membership was used to standardize the risk factors. The weighted linear combination (WLC) and one-at-a-time (OAT) were used to obtain risk and uncertainty maps as well as to perform sensitivity analysis. Results Four major risk areas were identified in mainland China, including western (Xinjiang and Tibet), southern (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong), northern (Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia), and eastern (Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong). We found spring as the main season for FMD outbreaks. Risk areas were associated with the distance to previous outbreak points, grazing areas and cattle density. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the risk map had good predictive power (AUC = 0.8532). Conclusions These results can be used to delineate FMD risk areas in mainland China, and provinces can adopt the targeted preventive measures and control strategies.

scholarly journals Association between meteorological factors and reported cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease from 2000 to 2015 in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 2896-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SUMI ◽  
S. TOYODA ◽  
K. KANOU ◽  
T. FUJIMOTO ◽  
K. MISE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to clarify the association between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics and meteorological conditions. We used HFMD surveillance data of all 47 prefectures in Japan from January 2000 to December 2015. Spectral analysis was performed using the maximum entropy method (MEM) for temperature-, relative humidity-, and total rainfall-dependent incidence data. Using MEM-estimated periods, long-term oscillatory trends were calculated using the least squares fitting (LSF) method. The temperature and relative humidity thresholds of HFMD data were estimated from the LSF curves. The average temperature data indicated a lower threshold at 12 °C and a higher threshold at 30 °C for risk of HFMD infection. Maximum and minimum temperature data indicated a lower threshold at 6 °C and a higher threshold at 35 °C, suggesting a need for HFMD control measures at temperatures between 6 and 35 °C. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of maximum and minimum temperatures rather than the average temperature, to estimate the temperature threshold of HFMD infections. The results obtained might aid in the prediction of epidemics and preparation for the effect of climatic changes on HFMD epidemiology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document