scholarly journals Health status and bio-security plans on pig farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
B. Stankovic ◽  
S. Hristov ◽  
T.J. Bojkovski ◽  
N. Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Swine Herd ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Swine Disease ◽  
Security Standards

Preservation of necessary level of swine herd health status is the most important aspect of bio-security, farm production and successful welfare protection. It involves a list of bio-security measures which must be essential part of production technology, including good rearing conditions and other prophylactic measures appliance. According to previously performed investigations, a list of elements required to establish standards for bio-security for particular pig farm was created. The list includes elements related to assure spatial., microclimate and hygienic conditions for pigs rearing, care, nutrition and watering, surveillance, regrouping and transport of swine, disease outbreak control, barns equipment and production process organization which are performed by veterinarians and zootechnicians. Bio-security standards must concern necessary level of swine herd health status and organization, size and type of operation and anticipate all compulsory measures for health control and disease spreading prevention, particularly those whose outbreak must be reported. In bio-security plan structure present epidemiological situation, potential herd health and production threats, as well as possible solutions must be concerned.

scholarly journals Preventive and Prophylactic Measures in Intensive Salmonid Fish Breeding – a Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Palíková ◽  
Stanislav Navrátil ◽  
Lukáš Navrátil ◽  
Jan Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Aquaculture represents the fastest growing animal husbandry in many countries word-wide. Intensive fish production has increased the risk of infectious diseases all over the world. Bacterial pathogens probably cause most disease problems in aquaculture. Most infectious bacterial diseases in commercial fish species continue to be controlled by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents although they represent a potential environmental hazard and could also have negative effects on the quality of the final product. The most important problem of antibiotic treatment is the increase in resistant bacteria, the presence of their residues in aquaculture products and the resulting threat to human health. Therefore, it is most effective to prevent the introduction or onset of the disease. Beside preventing the introduction of pathogens, good water quality, reduction of environmental stressors, adequate nutrition and immunization, many substances improving the health status of fish, such as immunostimulants, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics and so on, are used in fish breeding. The present review gives an overview of preventive and prophylactic substances which can be used in salmonid fish breeding to improve the health status of fish.

scholarly journals A SURVEY ON AUTHENTICATION TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS MEDIUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Pradeep ◽  
Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Security Standards

The wireless communication technology gaining importance in extreme conditions in a very effective way due to its benefits. Compared to wired networks, wireless networks have many benefits in terms of flexibility, cost, and mobility. Wireless networks can be easily hacked by the outsiders if there is no proper security. Because of its increasing popularity, wireless networks need proper security measures in addition to the normal protections such as firewalls, virus detectors, etc. Providing the required additional security to the wireless networks is a challenging task. Security can be maintained by providing data authenticity, integrity confidentiality, and authorization. A survey on the security of wireless networks is put forward that discusses various techniques which help in protecting the network and a cryptic secure scheme has been proposed which helps to enhance the security standards in the wireless medium.

Mobile Commerce Security and Its Prevention

2018 ◽  
pp. 433-449
Author(s):  
Mona Adlakha
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Security Standards

Mobile commerce is the next generation of e-commerce, where payments and financial transactions can be carried out with utmost ease using handheld mobile devices. Mobile devices are at a higher security risk due to the large amount of critical financial and personal data available on it. The cause or consequence of these threats could be - malware and spyware attacks; multiple or incorrect m-Commerce payments; breaches due to unauthorized access or disclosure, unauthenticated transactions and risk due to the use of third party networks. This chapter discusses how to manage security risks in m-commerce by first identifying them and then discussing preventive measures for their mitigation. A continuous approach for risk prevention needs to be followed, reviewing the strategy according to the latest challenges. Various risk prevention and mitigation strategies can be adopted. Service providers must follow physical and digital security measures to protect consumer's business information. Independent auditing should ensure compliance with best practice security standards.

Profile of pig farms combining high performance and low antimicrobial usage within four European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (24) ◽  
pp. 657-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Collineau ◽  
Annette Backhans ◽  
Jeroen Dewulf ◽  
Ulf Emanuelson ◽  
Elisabeth grosse Beilage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
And Performance

Pig farmers are strongly encouraged to reduce their antimicrobial usage because of the rising threat from antimicrobial resistance. However, such efforts should not compromise the herd health status and performance. This study aimed to describe the profile of so-called ‘top-farms’ that managed to combine both high technical performance and low antimicrobial usage. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 farrow-to-finish farms in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. Among them, 44 farms were allocated to the top-farms group and were compared with the ’regular’ farms group in terms of farm characteristics, biosecurity and health status. Top-farms had fewer gastrointestinal symptoms in suckling pigs and fewer respiratory symptoms in fatteners, which could partly explain their reduced need for antimicrobials and higher performance. They also had higher biosecurity and were located in sparsely populated pig areas. However, 14 farms of the top-farms group were located in densely populated pig areas, but still managed to have low usage and high technical performance; they had higher internal biosecurity and more extensive vaccination against respiratory pathogens. These results illustrate that it is possible to control infectious diseases using other approaches than high antimicrobial usage, even in farms with challenging environmental and health conditions.

scholarly journals Investigation on Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection in Commercial Layer Farms in Rajshahi District Using Rapid Serum Plate Agglutination Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Aurangazeb Kabir ◽  
Md. Obaidullah Al Masum ◽  
Most. Sabina Yasmin ◽  
Md. Golam Sarwar ◽  
Md. Shamim Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Avian Mycoplasmosis ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Sera Samples

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is very common in birds that cause respiratory infections in chickens, turkeys, and other avian species. It has brought about a considerable amount of financial losses to the poultry sector in Bangladesh. We conducted a study on the Seroprevalence of MG infection in two different geographical areas of Bangladesh under Rajshahi district, namely Paba and Bagmaraupazila. 800 sera samples were collected and tested with Rapid Serum Plate Agglutination Test (RSA) to identify the MG antibodies using commercial Mycoplasma gallisepticum antigen. The gross Seroprevalence of MG infection was 59.25% in the study area. The maximum rate (68.80%) of infection was found in the winter season, followed by the summer season (49.36%). The result further revealed that the condition was higher (69.01%) in larger-sized flocks than in small (53.63%). We noticed that younger birds having 10-20 weeks of age are more prone to be affected with avian mycoplamosis with an infection rate of 72% compared to their adult counterpart of 71+ weeks with 52% morbidity. Our study revealed that Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is prevalent in Paba and Bagmaraupazila in Rajshahi. The farms should take strict bio-security measures to mitigate this infection in the mentioned areas. Proper medications for the affected birds and timely prophylactic measures for the healthy ones could be practical and preventive strategies against avian mycoplasmosis. Amid limitations, we conducted our experiments, and thus further research is warranted to substantially assess and validates our observations.

Communication and Cyber Security Analysis of Advanced Metering Infrastructure of Smart Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 637-642
Author(s):  
Zhong Wei Li ◽  
Li Cheng ◽  
Hong Li Zhang ◽  
Wei Ming Tong
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Advanced Metering ◽  
Security Standards

AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) is the first step of the implementation of the smart grid. The communication network is the important part of AMI. The reasonable communication network architecture and effective cyber security measures are the keys of the realization of AMIs functions. The components, functions and communication network architecture are studied. Communication technologies that can be used in AMI are analyzed. Based on ZigBee, fieldbus/industrial EtherNet and GPRS, a typical AMI are constructed. The cyber security threats, communication data types and cyber security requirement of AMI are analyzed. The cyber security strategy and implementing scheme are offered. The communication standards and cyber security standards that can be referred while constructing AMI are analyzed. The necessity that publishes AMIs communication standard and cyber security is put forward.

Management of Technical Security Measures

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Uffen ◽  
Michael H. Breitner
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Information Assets ◽  
Security Standards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Organizations are investing substantial resources in technical security measures that aim at preventively protecting their information assets. The way management – or information security executives – deals with potential security measures varies individually and depends on personality traits and cognitive factors. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the authors examine the relationship between the personality traits of conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness with attitudes and intentions towards managing technical security measures. The highly relevant moderating role of compliance factors is also investigated. The hypothesized relationships are analyzed and validated using empirical data from a survey of 174 information security executives. Findings suggest that conscientiousness is important in determining the attitude towards the management of technical security measures. In addition, the findings indicate that when executives are confronted with information security standards or guidelines, the personality traits of conscientiousness and openness will have a stronger effect on attitude towards managing security measures than without moderators.

Basic consideration on the security checking of sick travelers at airports

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (35) ◽  
pp. 1380-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Felkai ◽  
István Mártai
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Airport Management ◽  
Medical Safety ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
Security Check

The authorities guarantee the safety of passengers during air travel by strict ground security measures. All of these measures are restrictive and can affect the health status of both healthy and ill travelers. Patients who are in critical condition or confined to a stretcher and have to be repatriated by stretcher on a regular flight, must pass the airport security check as well. But the developers of security system should take into account the medical safety of patients during the procedure. The relevant medical principles are painfully missing not only in Hungary, but unfortunately also at most international airports. On the basis of principles reviewed in the present publication, an unambiguous, professionally reconciled regulation is necessary that would serve as a guideline for airport management and authorities, as well as for the involved medical personnel. Although setting principles into practice requires a different solution at each airport, yet, passenger safety and patient safety have to be harmonized as soon as possible. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1380–1384.

scholarly journals Will Updated Electricity Infrastructure Security Protect the Grid? A Case Study Modeling Electrical Substation Attacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
The North ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Electricity Reliability ◽  
Security Standards ◽  
Electrical Substation ◽  
Electricity Infrastructure

As targeted attacks continue to threaten electricity infrastructure, the North American Electricity Reliability Corporation (NERC) and private utilities companies are revising and updating the physical and cybersecurity standards for grid infrastructure in the United States (U.S.). Using information collected about past physical attacks, feasible physical and cyber-physical attacks are modeled against the proposed updated security standards for a U.S.-based generic electric substation. Utilizing the software program Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS), a series of increasingly sophisticated physical attacks are simulated on the substation, as are a set of cyber-enabled physical attacks. The purpose of this study is to determine which of the security upgrades will be most effective at mitigating damages to the electrical infrastructure from an attack. The findings indicate that some of the utility and agency-proposed security measures are more effective than others. Specifically, additional barriers around the substation and physical armored protection of transformers are most effective at mitigating damages from attacks. In contrast, increased lighting at the substation and reducing the surrounding foliage are not as effective. This case study demonstrates a modeling analysis approach to testing the efficacy of physical security measures that can assist in utility and agency decision-making for critical infrastructure security.

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