scholarly journals Influence of yeast, probiotics and enzymes in rations on dairy cows performances during transition

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Sretenovic ◽  
Milan Petrovic ◽  
S. Aleksic ◽  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
V. Katic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trial Group ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
The Difference

The main goal of this paper was to investigate the influence of some additives included into high yielding dairy cows rations to overcome the problems in early lactation. These substances directly affect the productive performances of dairy cows as well as udder health. The commercial name of investigated preparation is 'YEASTURE' and it is composed of live yeast cultures selected from three strains Saccharomyces cerevisisiae in combination with probiotic bacteria and enzymes (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1,3-b and 1,6 D-Glucan, hemicellulase, Protease, Cellulase, Alpha amylase) which have the ability to modify the fermentation in rumen stimulating the development of ruminal bacteria and increasing the fibre digestion. Effects of this preparation have been investigated on 60 Holstein-Friesian cows divided into two groups. The diets were identical, and trial group received also 10 g of preparation Yeasture daily. Application of Yeasture started 15 days prior to calving and lasted until 60th day of lactation As a research result improved in vitro disappearance of diet dry matter from roughage (alfalfa hay, maize silage and ensiled sugar beet pulp) was established. Preparation Yeasture influenced quantity and composition of the milk. The difference between trial and control group was 2.57 kg 4%FCM or 8.70% (P<0.01) and 7.16% milk fat (P<0.05).Trial group supplemented with Yeasture showed lower somatic cells count by 7.3 percent points what indicated better health of cow's udder. Based on the presented results it can be concluded that inclusion of preparation Yeasture into diets for dairy cows in transition period can be recommended.

scholarly journals Effect of exposure frequencies of pear juice on tooth whitening

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobalakrishna Munusamy ◽  
Endang Sukartini ◽  
Ayu Trisna Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Whitening Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pear Juice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tooth Colour

Introduction: Tooth whitening (Bleaching) is a method to restore discoloured teeth to the original tooth colour with a chemical process. The materials used in the bleaching process are hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborates and carbamide peroxide. Pear fruit consists of hydrogen peroxide which is potentially an oxidizing compound that produces free radicals that react with unsaturated bonding teeth staining substances. This study aims to analyzed tooth whitening effect of exposure of pear juice with different frequencies. Methods: The type of research was true in vitro experiment where samples of 32 maxillary premolar teeth had cut the root to CEJ. The specimens divided into four groups. The first group was soaked in pear juice two times, the second group three times, a third group four times, and the fourth was the control group using only mineral water. Tooth colour was measure using a Spectrophometer, conducted before and after individual soaking. Results: The research result is tested with ANOVA and Newman- Keuls Range Test showed a significant difference of tooth whitening degree between the frequency exposure pear juice after 2 times soaking, 3 times soaking and 4 times soaking. Conclusion: There are difference degree of whitening from the difference frequency exposure of pear juice and Pear juice exposure of 4 times gives higher whitening effect compared to frequency of 3 times, 2 times and control group which is soaked in water.

scholarly journals Effects of different dietary concentrate to forage ratio and thiamine supplementation on the rumen fermentation and ruminal bacterial community in dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongrong Wang ◽  
Xiaohua Pan ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
Lihuai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Megasphaera Elsdenii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

A subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) model was induced gradually by increasing the proportion of dietary concentrate to evaluate the effect of thiamine supplementation on the structure of bacterial community in dairy cows. Three Holstein dairy cows with rumen cannula were randomly assigned to a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design trial and received three diets during three successive 21-day periods in each square. The three dietary treatments were as follows: a low-concentrate diet (control), a high-concentrate SARA-induced diet (SARA) and a high-concentrate SARA-induced diet with 180 mg thiamine/kg DM (SARA+thiamine). Real-time–polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantify the population variation of SARA-related ruminal bacteria in these cows. The results showed that SARA was induced gradually when cows were fed with the high-concentrate diets. The mean ruminal pH value was higher in the control cows than in those of SARA and SARA+thiamine groups, the mean was decreased in cows fed on SARA diet, and the depression was alleviated by supplemented thiamine and the difference was significant (P < 0.05) especially at 9-h and 12-h sample times (or 1 h and 4 h after the second feeding). The populations of Streptococcus bovis and genus Lactobacillus in cows from the SARA group were increased in log copies/µL by 3.62% and 4.65%, respectively, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, in log copies/µL, populations of Butyrivibrio fibrisovens and Megasphaera elsdenii were decreased by 1.14% and 4.90%, respectively (P < 0.05). Thiamine supplementation led to an obvious reduction of Strepococcus bovis and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), whereas the number of log copies/µL of Megasphaera elsdenii was dramatically increased (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect of thiamine supplementation on the number of log copies/µL of Butyrivibrio fibrisovens and Selenomonas ruminantium (P > 0.05). It was concluded that thiamine supplementation to high-concentrate diets at concentrations of 180 mg/kg DM could help alleviate SARA by increasing rumen pH and balancing the population of lactic acid-producing and -consuming bacteria.

Replacing wheat with canola meal and maize grain in the diet of lactating dairy cows: Feed intake, milk production and cow condition responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruairi P McDonnell ◽  
Martin vH Staines
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
The Difference

This research paper describes the effect of partially replacing wheat with maize grain and canola meal on milk production and body condition changes in early lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows consuming a grass silage-based diet over an 83-d period. Two groups of 39 cows were stratified for age, parity, historical milk yield and days in milk (DIM), and offered one of two treatment diets. The first treatment (CON) reflected a typical diet used by Western Australian dairy producers in summer and comprised (kg DM/cow per d); 8 kg of annual ryegrass silage, 6 kg of crushed wheat (provided once daily in a mixed ration), 3·6 kg of crushed lupins (provided in the milking parlour in two daily portions) and ad libitum lucerne haylage. The second treatment diet (COMP) was identical except the 6 kg of crushed wheat was replaced by 6 kg of a more complex concentrate mix (27% crushed wheat, 34% maize grain and 37% canola meal). Lucerne haylage was provided independently in the paddock to all cows, and no pasture was available throughout the experiment. The COMP group had a greater mean overall daily intake (22·5vs20·4 kg DM/cow) and a higher energy corrected milk (ECM) yield (29·2vs27·1 kg/cow;P= 0·047) than the CON cows. The difference in overall intake was caused by a higher daily intake of lucerne haylage in COMP cows (4·5vs2·3 kg DM/cow). The CON group had a higher concentration of milk fat (42·1vs39·3 g/kg;P= 0·029) than COMP cows. Milk protein yield was greater in COMP cows (P< 0·021); however, milk fat yield was unaffected by treatment. It is concluded that partially replacing wheat with canola meal and maize grain in a grass silage-based diet increases voluntary DMI of conserved forage and consequently yields of ECM and milk protein.

scholarly journals Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Bae-Hun Lee ◽  
Ji-Yung Kim ◽  
Kyung-Il Sung ◽  
Hong-Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Lactating Cows

The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12hG groups than in the 24hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in 12hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12hG and 24hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12hG and 24hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group compared with the control and 24hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.

The efficacy of feeding a live probiotic yeast, Yea-Sacc®, on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tristant ◽  
C. A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Dose ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe following trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding Yea-Sacc® (YS; Alltech Inc, USA), a zootechnical feed additive based on a live probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to lactating dairy cows over a 12 week period. Sixty-four primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows, grouped to give similar range of parity, physiological and milk production stages, were selected for the study. Cows were equally allocated to either a control feed group or a diet supplemented with YS (32 cows per treatment). The test diet was formulated to include YS (Yea-Sacc® Farm Pak) incorporated in the total mixed ration (TMR), supplying a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg feed dry matter (DM). This target dose delivered 1 × 109 CFU/cow/day, for a cow consuming 20 kg feed (DM basis) daily. Each cow was considered a replicate unit. Cows were fed a nutritionally adequate total TMR plus hay and a supplementary protein/energy concentrate (calculated according to milk yield) for 12 weeks, supplied once a day after the morning milking. Weigh backs of feed were recorded daily, with refusals being maintained at 3% of the total intake. During the 12 week study period, YS had significant beneficial effects on milk production (+0.8 kg/day; P = 0.003), energy corrected milk production (+1.4 kg/day; P < 0.0001), synthesis of milk protein (+36 g/day; P = 0.001), milk protein content (+0.3 g/kg; P = 0.009), and milk urea content (−0.09 mg/l; P = 0.004). The synthesis of milk fat was similar between treatments but milk fat content was lower for the YS group compared to the control group (−1.1 g/kg; P = 0.0002). Lactose content was always higher (+0.8 g/kg; P < 0.0001) for the YS group, indicating enhanced energy utilisation. In general, the effect of YS was higher during the first study period (one to seven weeks), when cows were in early lactation and the production potential was higher. YS cows produced significantly more milk during the study, and an additional 220 kg milk per cow was sold from this group from the output measured from the beginning of the study to two weeks post-trial. However, the statistical analysis including the post-study period did not show a significant effect. The 305-day simulated milk production was higher for the YS group (+400 kg/cow) but again the difference was not significant. In conclusion, YS at a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg DM improved milk production and milk quality in healthy dairy cows. In addition, when the data were included in a whole-farm model, feeding YS reduced methane emissions by 4%, reduced the number of animals required for the desired milk production by 4% and increased overall farm margins by 1.4%.

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Addition in Dairy Cows Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Marinela ENCULESCU
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in the dairy cows’ diets on productive performances and health status. The study was carried out in the experimental farm of the Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotești on 50 multiparous Romanian Black and Spotted dairy cows, randomly divided into two groups (N = 25 heads/group), according to age, milk yield, body weight and health status. The experimental group received 80 g Saccharomyces cerevisiae/head/day for one year. The groups were fed with the same diet and had free access to water and salt. Results were expressed as a mean (±Standard Deviation). The t-test was applied to obtain the significance of difference. Supplementation of the diet with Saccharomyces cerevisiae had a significant effect (P <0.001) on milk yield (20.71±1.65 l/head/day) for the experimental group comparing with the control group (18.22±1.81 l/head/day), and on milk protein and lactose (P <0.05). The addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in dairy cows’ diet did not improve the milk fat, hematological and biochemical/urine indicators in the experimental group (P >0.05). However, for alkaline phosphatase, differences at the end of the study have been observed (P <0.01). The beneficial effect of the yeast and yeast products in ruminants could be attributed to microbial activity by increasing the number of beneficial bacteria in the rumen of the animals. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative source of economic protein, vitamins and minerals in dairy cows’ diet represents an effective measure to optimize animal productivity.

scholarly journals Effect of Pegbovigrastim on Hematological Profile of Simmental Dairy Cows during the Transition Period

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Trimboli ◽  
Valeria Maria Morittu ◽  
Antonio Di Loria ◽  
Andrea Minuti ◽  
Antonella Anna Spina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Hematological Profile ◽  
First Time

Pegbovigrastim is a long-acting analog of recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, that promotes and increases the count and functionality of polymorphonuclear cells in dairy cows. The present study aimed to explore, for the first time in Simmental cows, the clinical and hematological effect of pegbovigrastim during the transition period (TP). Cows were randomly assigned into two groups: treated group (PEG; n = 16) received pegbovigrastim at approximately 7 days before expected parturition and within 6 h after calving, and control group (CTR; n = 16) received saline solution. Blood samples were obtained at −7, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days relative to calving. PEG group showed white blood cells (WBC) count consistently higher compared with CTR group (p < 0.001) until to 3 weeks after calving. Neutrophils remained higher in PEG group (p < 0.001) up to three weeks after calving, compared with CTR group, with slight increment of band cells. Moreover, PEG group displayed a lower index of myeloperoxidase at 1, 3, and 7 days after calving (p < 0.01) compared with CTR. Basophils and lymphocytes showed a similar trend to those observed for neutrophils at 1 day after calving in PEG group. Finally, monocytes remained markedly elevated until 3 days after calving in PEG compared to CTR group (p < 0.001), whereas in PEG group, eosinophils population showed lower percentage values at 1 and 3 days after calving but higher values at 30 days compared with CTR group. PEG group was characterized by lower red blood cells (RBCs) count compared with CTR group (p < 0.05) and higher % of red cell volume distribution width (RDW) from week 2 and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at 30 days after calving. In addition, the mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly higher in PEG group at calving, 1, 3, and 7 days after calving compared with CTR group (p < 0.05). For the first time, we described the effect of pegbovigrastim in a breed not specialized exclusively in milk production as Holstein, but with dual purpose (meat and milk), evaluating the complete hematological profile in cows during the transition period. These results provide evidence on the proliferative effect of pegbovigrastim on WBC in Simmental breed highlighting its possible side effect on RBCs.

scholarly journals Alkali-soluble fluoride deposition on enamel after professional application of topical fluoride in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsue Fujimaki Hayacibara ◽  
Adriana Franco Paes Leme ◽  
Ynara Bosco de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Nilza Cristina Lopez Afonso Valor Gonçalves ◽  
Celso Silva Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Topical Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Deposition

Since the efficacy of topical fluoride products is related to the fluoride (F) availability and its reactivity with enamel, this study was conducted. The F concentration of the following materials was verified: I- acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (1.23% F), II- APF foam (1.23% F) and III- Varnish (2.26% F). Forty blocks of bovine enamel were divided into 4 groups and treated according to the materials described, being one of them used as control. Loosely bound fluoride (''CaF2'') was determined on enamel after extraction with 1.0M KOH and analyzed by ion-selective electrode. Total F concentration found in gel was 12,642, in foam 12,755 and in varnish 23,183 mg F/g. All products formed statistically higher amounts of ''CaF2'' on enamel compared to the control group (p < 0.05), but the difference between them was not significant (p > 0.05). Thus, ''CaF2'' formation was not proportional to the total F content in the products, suggesting that the pH and the vehicle used are more important.

The production and composition of milk from dairy cows fed hay and supplemented with either brewers' grains or rolled barley grain

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Friesian Cows

Four groups of seven Friesian cows were offered 70% of their calculated metabolizable energy requirements as pasture hay and either 2.4, 4.8 or 7.2 kg/d of dry matter (DM) as wet brewers' grains or 3.9 kg DM/d as rolled barley. A further group of cows received no supplement. The quantities of brewers' grains offered were calculated from in vitro digestible DM content to provide lo%, 20% and 30%, respectively, of metabolizable energy requirements and the rolled barley 30% of metabolizable energy requirements. The cows consumed a mean of 2.2,4.3 and 6.1 kg DM/d, respectively, as brewers' grains and 3.9 kg DM/d as rolled barley. The daily yields of milk (litres), protein (kg) and solids not fat (kg), respectively, were greater (P < 0.05) for the cows offered brewers' grains at 4.8 kg DM/d (1 5.6,0.49, 1.36) and 7.2 kg DM/d (16.4, 0.54, 1.45) than for the cows offered rolled barley (13.3, 0.45, 1.21). Daily yields of milk fat from the cows offered either 4.8 or 7.2 kg DM/d of brewers' grains or rolled barley did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences between treatments in liveweight change. It was concluded that wet brewers' grains and rolled barley offered as supplements to dairy cows fed hay have similar nutritive values for milk production. It was calculated that for milk fat production the break even landed price ratio of brewers' grains to barley is 1:1.26.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Suitability of Hazelnut Skin as a Feed Ingredient in the Diet of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Manuela Renna ◽  
Carola Lussiana ◽  
Vanda Malfatto ◽  
Mathieu Gerbelle ◽  
Germano Turille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates

Hazelnut skin (HS) was evaluated as a source of nutrients for dairy cows. In total, 26 Aosta Red Pied cows were divided into two balanced groups. All cows were fed hay ad libitum. The control group was also given 6 kg of concentrate, while the hazelnut skin group (HAZ) was given 1 kg of the same concentrate that was substituted by 1 kg of HS. The dry matter intake of the cows was reduced by the dietary inclusion of HS (p ≤ 0.001). The milk yield and main constituents were unaffected by treatment. Milk from HAZ cows showed decreased concentrations of de novo saturated fatty acids (FAs), odd- and branched-chain FA, α-linolenic acid, and long-chain n-3 FAs, as well as increased concentrations of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, total monounsaturated FAs, trans biohydrogenation intermediates, and α–tocopherol. Replacing the concentrate with HS increased the human-inedible feed quota in the diet and improved the sustainability of milk production in terms of the food-feed competition. Our results suggest that it is possible to add economic value to organic waste from the hazelnut industry using HS as a feed ingredient for dairy cows, enhancing the feed efficiency and milk antioxidant activity and having expected impacts on the nutraceutical quality of milk fat.

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