scholarly journals Effects of different dietary concentrate to forage ratio and thiamine supplementation on the rumen fermentation and ruminal bacterial community in dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongrong Wang ◽  
Xiaohua Pan ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
Lihuai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Megasphaera Elsdenii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

A subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) model was induced gradually by increasing the proportion of dietary concentrate to evaluate the effect of thiamine supplementation on the structure of bacterial community in dairy cows. Three Holstein dairy cows with rumen cannula were randomly assigned to a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design trial and received three diets during three successive 21-day periods in each square. The three dietary treatments were as follows: a low-concentrate diet (control), a high-concentrate SARA-induced diet (SARA) and a high-concentrate SARA-induced diet with 180 mg thiamine/kg DM (SARA+thiamine). Real-time–polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantify the population variation of SARA-related ruminal bacteria in these cows. The results showed that SARA was induced gradually when cows were fed with the high-concentrate diets. The mean ruminal pH value was higher in the control cows than in those of SARA and SARA+thiamine groups, the mean was decreased in cows fed on SARA diet, and the depression was alleviated by supplemented thiamine and the difference was significant (P < 0.05) especially at 9-h and 12-h sample times (or 1 h and 4 h after the second feeding). The populations of Streptococcus bovis and genus Lactobacillus in cows from the SARA group were increased in log copies/µL by 3.62% and 4.65%, respectively, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, in log copies/µL, populations of Butyrivibrio fibrisovens and Megasphaera elsdenii were decreased by 1.14% and 4.90%, respectively (P < 0.05). Thiamine supplementation led to an obvious reduction of Strepococcus bovis and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), whereas the number of log copies/µL of Megasphaera elsdenii was dramatically increased (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect of thiamine supplementation on the number of log copies/µL of Butyrivibrio fibrisovens and Selenomonas ruminantium (P > 0.05). It was concluded that thiamine supplementation to high-concentrate diets at concentrations of 180 mg/kg DM could help alleviate SARA by increasing rumen pH and balancing the population of lactic acid-producing and -consuming bacteria.

scholarly journals Influence of yeast, probiotics and enzymes in rations on dairy cows performances during transition

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Sretenovic ◽  
Milan Petrovic ◽  
S. Aleksic ◽  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
V. Katic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trial Group ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
The Difference

The main goal of this paper was to investigate the influence of some additives included into high yielding dairy cows rations to overcome the problems in early lactation. These substances directly affect the productive performances of dairy cows as well as udder health. The commercial name of investigated preparation is 'YEASTURE' and it is composed of live yeast cultures selected from three strains Saccharomyces cerevisisiae in combination with probiotic bacteria and enzymes (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1,3-b and 1,6 D-Glucan, hemicellulase, Protease, Cellulase, Alpha amylase) which have the ability to modify the fermentation in rumen stimulating the development of ruminal bacteria and increasing the fibre digestion. Effects of this preparation have been investigated on 60 Holstein-Friesian cows divided into two groups. The diets were identical, and trial group received also 10 g of preparation Yeasture daily. Application of Yeasture started 15 days prior to calving and lasted until 60th day of lactation As a research result improved in vitro disappearance of diet dry matter from roughage (alfalfa hay, maize silage and ensiled sugar beet pulp) was established. Preparation Yeasture influenced quantity and composition of the milk. The difference between trial and control group was 2.57 kg 4%FCM or 8.70% (P<0.01) and 7.16% milk fat (P<0.05).Trial group supplemented with Yeasture showed lower somatic cells count by 7.3 percent points what indicated better health of cow's udder. Based on the presented results it can be concluded that inclusion of preparation Yeasture into diets for dairy cows in transition period can be recommended.

Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jennings ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stocking Rates

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with milking cows on continuously stocked perennial ryegrass pastures. In each a control group, T0, received 1 kg/day of a concentrate supplement and treatment groups T1 and T2 received 4 kg (Expt 1) or 5 kg/day (Expt 2) of a low quality T1 or a high quality T2 concentrate. In Expt 1 treatments were applied continuously for 14 weeks to a total of 30 cows. In Expt 2 a Latin square design for 9 weeks was conducted with 18 cows. The stocking rate of the pasture declined from 9·6 to 5·1 cows per ha (mean 6·7 cows/ha) from May to August (Expt 1) and was maintained at 3 cows/ha in August-October (Expt 2).Supplements increased total intakes by 0·92 and 0·77 kg organic matter (OM)/kg OM supplied in the concentrates respectively for Expts 1 and 2. Milk yields increased by 0·6 and 0·5 kg/kg concentrate supplied and supplemented cows showed small increases in live weight. Differences in lactation milk yield just approached significance. Grazing times were only slightly reduced by supplements and bite sizes were lower than normal. There was no important difference in animal performance between the two concentrates. The total output from the pasture was 19·6t milk and 115 GJ of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare.Reasons for the high supplementary effect of the concentrates and its implications for stocking rates are discussed.

scholarly journals True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Raghunatha Rao D ◽  
Vasantha L
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.           During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN LAY-UP SHOOT BOLA BASKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the cooperative learning model type student team's achievement division has on basketball shoot lay-up skills. The research method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method. The type of research design used was the non-equivalent group design. The population in this study were students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Majalengka in 2019 totaling 424 students. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling technique. The sample in this study amounted to 214 students consisting of class XI IPS 1-4 and XI MIPA 7-8. The experimental group class XI IPS 1-2 and XI MIPA, control group class XI IPS 3-4 and XI MIPA 8. The results showed that the mean pre-test lay-up shoot of the experimental group was 4.09 while the control group was 3.92. The mean post-test shoot lay-up of the experimental group was 6.76 while the control group was 4.72. Furthermore, by looking at 95% confidence interval of the difference, there is a difference between the shoot lay-up results of the experimental group and the control group, which is -0.190 to 2.412. Thus, it can be concluded that STAD is effective in improving basketball shoot lay-up skills.

scholarly journals Urine CA-2 as a biomarker for diagnosis urinary stone and prediction of its complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-jing Leng ◽  
Hai-bin Zhou ◽  
Jiang-ling Fu ◽  
Wen-juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract PURPOSECarbonic anhydrase-2 (CA-2) plays a role in mineralization and calcification in organism. Strong evidence suggests that CA-2 is associated with urolithiasis. However, the relationship between CA-2 and urinary stone remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the association of urine CA-2 (uCA-2) level and the potential risk of urinary stone.METHODSFrom March 2017 to November 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects to determine the pretreatment uCA-2 level detection by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The difference of uCA-2 level between patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects was compared. Then comparison between stone patients with complications and without complications was carried out as well as correlation analysis to detect factors associated with biomarker expression.RESULTS118 patients with urinary stones were into urinary stones group and 42 healthy subjects were into healthy control group. The mean pretreatment uCA-2 level was significantly higher in patients with urinary stones group than healthy controls group (P=0.028). Furthermore, The uCA-2 level was positive correlation with urinary stones complications (R=0.379, P=0.000), especially pain complications (R=0.524, P=0.000) and hematuria complications (R=0.374, P=0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis that a uCA-2 level threshold of 10.94 ng/mL had 83.67% sensitivity and 68.12% specificity for predicting urinary stones complications. CONCLUSIONSExcessive uCA-2 excretion is a major risk factor for urinary stone. Our findings suggested that uCA-2 may be used as an unappreciated biomarker for the diagnosis urinary stone in patients and to predict its complications.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X AP PADA MATA AJAR SANITASI, HYGIENE DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA DI SMK PARIWISATA TRIATMA JAYA SINGARAJA TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Yulianitias Yulianitias ◽  
Cokorda Istri Raka Marsiti ◽  
Luh Masdarini
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Model Problem ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Academic Year

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan dari penggunaan model Problem Based Learning berbasis lingkungan terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X-AP mata ajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja di SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Non equivalent Only Control Group Design. Objek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua kelas sampel, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Metode pemilihan sampel penelitian adalah dengan teknik random sampling. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa, kemudian melakukan pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan teknik uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh thitung 7,641 dan ttabel (pada taraf signifikansi 5%) = 3,460. Hal ini berarti bahwa thitung> ttabel, sehingga dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa X AP Di SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan Problem Based Learning berbasis lingkungan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan metode konvensional. Dilihat dari hasil perhitungan rata-rata hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja kelompok eksperimen adalah 81 lebih besar dari rata-rata hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja kelompok kontrol yaitu 76 Kata kunci: Hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan Kerja, Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbasis Lingkungan ABSTRACT The study aimed at finding out the difference of implementation of problem based learning model with environmental basis towards the achievement of class XAP students on the subjects of sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety at SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja on the academic year 2018/2019. The research was designed with non equivalent only group control. The objects were two classes of samples, namely controlled and sample classes. Random sampling method was apllied to determine the sample of the research. The data were gathered by using test to find out the achievement of the students , then examining the hypothesis was done by implementing t-examiner technique. The results show that tvalue is 7,641 and ttable (at level of significance 5%) = 3,460. It means that tvalue> ttable. It can be interpreted that there is a significant effect towards the students’ahievement of class X AP at SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja. The group of students that were treated with Problem Based Learning with the environmental basis got the mean score 81 for sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety, it is higher than those who were treated with conventional method (controlled group).Key words : achievement, sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety Model

Effectiveness of Oral Sucrose on Level of Pain during DPT Immunization among Infants at selected hospital Salem, Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Dhanasekar V. M. ◽  
Sathish Rajamani ◽  
Anu C. Vijay
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Sucrose ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Experimental Group

Evidence shows that neonates feel pain. Treating pain of infants at the time of immunizations has become a crucial part of infant care. Pharmacological treatments are rarely used during procedures because of concerns about their effectiveness3 and potential adverse effects. Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions are valuable alternatives. Use of sucrose in preterm neonates has been advocated uniformly for pain relief. The present study had taken with the aim to assess the effectiveness of oral sucrose on level of pain during DPT immunizations among infants. Study design was quasi experimental method. Sample size of the study was 60 infants who were receiving DPT immunizations at Salem Poly Clinic. Data were collected from the subjects through Modified REILY pain assessment scale. Data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results of the study revealed the mean level of pain for experimental group 8.03+0.91 (53.53%) where as in control group it was 11.53+1.17 (77.53%) the difference in mean percentage was 24, which indicates decreased level of pain in experimental group than in control group. The researcher concluded that giving oral sucrose during the time of vaccination in infants acts as an effective non – pharmacological measure for pain management.

The effect of ear acupressure medicine at the “Shen Men” point on the nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1774-1779
Author(s):  
Sanaz Nehbandani ◽  
Hajar Salehi ◽  
Khadije Rezaie Keikhaie ◽  
Hossein Rashki Ghalenow ◽  
Fatemeh Mirzaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction & Objective: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders that more than 85% of pregnant women experience. However, controlling and treating this complication is still one of the most important issues in antenatal care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ear acupressure at Shen Men point on relieving nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 100 pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 16 weeks attending the health clinics of Zabol city during 2019-2020 were studied in two control and intervention groups (n = 50 in each group). The samples in the intervention group were trained to apply pressure on their ears’ Shen Men point with the thumb for three minutes three times a day (morning, noon, and night), for a duration of one month. At the end of second and fourth weeks, the data were collected using the Rhodes index form and then, were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gestational age, occupation and education. The difference in the mean scores of nausea, vomiting and retching was not statistically significant between the control and intervention groups before the study. But four weeks after the study, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching between the two groups, so that the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: The ear acupressure medicine at the Shen men point can be used as a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive method to relieve nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy. Keywords: Acupressure medicine, Shen Men, Vomiting, Pregnancy, Nausea, Retching, Rhodosis

scholarly journals Study of endothelial function in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus by flow mediated dilation of brachial artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2377
Author(s):  
Nidhi Pandey ◽  
Poonam Goel ◽  
Anita Malhotra ◽  
Reeti Mehra ◽  
Navjot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: The objective of the study was to assess vascular function in normal pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes and to study its temporal relationship with gestational age at 24-28-week POG and at 36-38-week POG and changes in FMD in postpartum period.Methods: Assessment of vascular function was done at 24-28-week POG, 36-38-week POG and at 6-12-week postpartum by flow mediated dilation of brachial artery in 37 healthy pregnant women and 37 pregnant women with GDM.Results: In GDM group mean FMD at 24-28 weeks of POG, at 36-38 weeks POG was lower as compared to the control group (11.225±6.20,8.464±6.09 versus 14.49±5.21, 10.898±4.12) although the difference in mean FMD in two groups was not statistically significant. It was found that the decrease in FMD at 36-38-week POG as compared to 24-28 weeks POG was statistically significant in both the groups (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study revealed that when endothelial function as assessed by FMD was compared at different period of gestation, the mean decrease in FMD at 36-38-week POG as compared to 24-28-week POG and 6-week post-partum was statistically significant in patients with GDM and as well as the control group, however this trend of change was same in both the groups and was not statistically significant when compared between the two group (GDM versus control). A negative correlation of FMD was found with BMI, and HBA1c, that was stronger in GDM group.

scholarly journals Epistaxis as a marker for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 status – a prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Hussain ◽  
M Mair ◽  
P Rea
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection in patients presenting with epistaxis to a tertiary otolaryngology unit.MethodsA prospective study was conducted of 40 consecutive patients presenting with epistaxis referred to our tertiary otolaryngology unit. A group of 40 age-matched controls were also included. All patients underwent real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Symptoms of fever, cough and anosmia were noted in the study group.ResultsThe mean age was 66.5 ± 22.4 years in the study group. There were 22 males (55 per cent) and 18 females (45 per cent). The mean age in the control group was 66.3 ± 22.4 years (p = 0.935). There were six positive cases for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (15 per cent) in the epistaxis group and one case (2.5 per cent) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.05).ConclusionEpistaxis may represent a presenting symptom of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. This may serve as a useful additional criterion for screening patients.

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