scholarly journals The effect of development stage on chemical composition of alfalfa leaf and stem

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Markovic ◽  
J. Radovic ◽  
Z. Lugic ◽  
D. Sokolovic
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Alfalfa Leaf ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Content of crude protein and cell wall constituents in leaves and stems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv K-22 with advancing maturity was investigated. Sampling was done in 7-day intervals in second cut. During growth and development, crude protein content decreased in leaves and stems, from 332,6 to 328,8 gkg-1DM and from 138,6 to 122,0 gkg-1DM, respectively. From first to third development stage, content of ADF in leaves and stems increased, from 352,0 to 476,7 gkg-1DM and from 592,8 to 867,1 gkg-1DM, respectively. Highest contents of ADF and hemicellulose was stated in plant parts in third development stage, in leaves 187,4 and 289,3 gkg-1DM, and in stems 499,4 and 367,7 gkg-1DM. The highest changes of lignin contents are in stems, while content of lignin in leaves increased from 42,0 to 49,0 gkg-1DM.

The intensive production of herbage for crop-drying: Part I. A study of the productivity of two annual crops and two leys and of their responses in yield and chemical composition to applications of nitrogenous manure

1948 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Second Year

SUMMARY1. The importance of uniform production of herbage for crop-drying is emphasized.2. A replicated experiment is described which compared four crops, two annuals and two leys under four manurial treatments which included a control and three applications of fertilizer (3½ cwt. ‘nitrochalk’) distributed during the season in three ways.3. Vetches yielded 2500–3000 lb. dry matter per acre of 28–30% crude-protein content in two cuts.Barley yielded 2500–3000 lb. dry matter per acre of 18–21% crude protein in five to six cuts.Leys yielded 4000–5000 lb. dry matter per acre of 15–18% crude protein in four cuts in their first year, and 5000–6000 lb. dry matter per acre of 15–18% crude protein in five cuts in their second year.

The chemical composition of the straw and grain of some varieties of spring oats in relation to time of harvesting, nitrogen treatment and environment

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Two Stages

1. Three contrasting varieties of spring oats were grown at six centres in England and Wales for three seasons, at two levels of manuring. They were harvested at two stages of ripeness, and both straw and grain were analysed for all treatments.2. Varietal differences in composition between samples of straw grown under similar conditions and harvested at comparable stages of ripeness were negligible. In this respect there was no relationship between quality of straw and that of grain.3. Differences in composition attributable to environment were very large. Crude protein content ranged from 1·9 to 7·6%, and crops grown under cool and wet conditions always yielded a better quality straw than those grown under the warmer and drier conditions in the south of England.4. The chemical composition of oat straw changed very little between the early ‘binder-ripe’ stage and the fully ripe ‘combine’ stage, although physically it tended to become more brittle and less attractive in appearance. The grain also showed little change in composition between the two times of harvesting.5. A spring dressing of 2 cwt. per acre of nitrochalk increased the protein content of the straw very considerably, but the response varied widely with conditions. The average increase at all centres over three years was 20%.6. Under cool and moist conditions the composition of oat straw was comparable with that of meadow hay.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the availability of mass of forage: morphological responses and chemical composition of Tanzania grass subjected to two pasture-management strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Gabriel Camilo ◽  
Alberto Magno Fernandes ◽  
Tadeu Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Danielle Ferreira Baffa ◽  
Sarah Ellen Eduardo Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sward Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic traits and chemical composition of Tanzania grass using a fixed rest period or according to light interception at 95%. The treatments consisted of evaluations of two Tanzania-grass pasture-management strategies: (1) LI95 - animals entered the paddocks when the pasture reached 95% of light interception (LI), with three days of paddock occupation; and (2) FR - the pasture was managed with a defoliation interval (DI) of 30 days, and three days of paddock occupation. The experimental area consisted of 4 ha, with 22 paddocks per treatments. Ten recently-calved cows were used per treatment in year 1, and eight cows were used per treatment in year 2. Sward height, forage mass, and morphological components and their chemical composition were evaluated. The management strategies used on the Tanzania grass pasture did not affect pasture mass or height in the pre- and post-grazing conditions, or the proportion of stems. However, the proportion of leaves was greater in the paddocks with 95% light interception. The crude protein content was higher in the paddocks with 95% light interception; the other nutrients were not affected. In conclusion, management adopting 95% light interception does not influence morphogenetic traits. Nevertheless, it promotes an increase in the crude protein content of grasses.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of some plants used as feed for rabbits in Bauchi metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
B. K Musa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The study examined the nutrient composition of twelve plants species used as feed in Bauchi metropolis. They were collected during the month of April which is considered the peak of the dry season. The plants were divided into four groups: Trees, grasses, leguminous herbs, and non-leguminous herbs. The result showed that the crude protein content ranged from 13.61% for the leguminous herbs to 17.9% for the non-leguminous herbs. The result also showed that the plants have light nitrogen free extract and mineral requirement of rabbits with little supplementation especially during the dry season when there is acute shortage of feeds.

EFFECTS OF CUTTING TREATMENTS ON LADINO CLOVER GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASSES: II. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Made In

Ladino clover grown alone and in mixture with timothy and smooth bromegrass was cut two, four and six times per season to a height of [Formula: see text] and 3 inches. Forage harvested in 1955 and 1956 from a seeding made in 1954 at the Experimental Farm, Lennoxville, Quebec, was chemically analysed.Ladino clover contained more K but less N-free extract and Ca when grown alone than when associated with a grass. Bromegrass had a higher content of crude protein, ash, P and K, and a lower content of N-free extract than timothy.Height of cutting failed to modify the chemical composition of the grasses. In the clover, close cutting reduced the fat and K contents and increased the ash content.The crude protein content increased and the crude fibre and N-free extract contents decreased in both forage fractions with increasing cutting frequencies. Fat was highest in the clover cut four times and in the grasses cut four and six times. The ash content in the clover was not significantly altered by cutting frequency but tended to decrease with increasing maturity in the grasses. The Ca content was lowest in the clover cut six times and in the grasses cut twice. In both forage fractions, the P and K contents were higher with either four or six cuttings than with two cuttings.

Effect of stage of maturity of forage oats on crude protein content and dry-matter yield

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Crops

The management of non-leguminous annual forage crops can affect dry matter (D.M.) yields, chemical composition, and nutritive (feeding) values largely because of the stage of maturity at which the crop is harvested. After studies for selecting high-yield forage oat varieties for a highaltitude tropical climate (Haile, 1976), it was considered necessary to look into the management of forage oats so that the time of harvesting for maximum forage and crude protein yield could be established.

scholarly journals Effect of Soaking, Cooking, Germination and Fermentation Processing on Proximate Analysis and Mineral Content of Three White Sorghum Varieties (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Saad El-BELTAGI ◽  
Samiha M. ABD EL-SALAM ◽  
Azza A. OMRAN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The changes in chemical composition, amylose and minerals content after soaking, cooking, germination and fermentation of threewhite sorghum varieties, named ‘Dorado’, ‘Shandaweel-6’, and ‘Giza-15’ were investigated. The chemical composition concluded includingcrude protein, oils, crude fiber and ash. Crude protein content ranged from 10.62 to 12.46% in raw sorghum. ‘Shandaweel-6’ was thehighest variety in crude protein content (12.46%). ‘Dorado’ was the highest variety in oils and ash (3.91 and 1.45%). ‘Shandaweel-6’ wasthe highest variety in crude fiber (1.85%). Amylose content ranged from 18.30 to 20.18% in raw sorghum. Amylose was higher in ‘Giza-15’ than other varieties. Minerals content i.e., Zn, Fe, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Mn and Cu were investigated. Results indicated that raw ‘Dorado’was the highest variety in K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Mn (264.53, 137.14, 33.09, 7.65 and 1.98 mg/100g). While, ‘Shandaweel-6’ was the highestvariety in Zn and Cu (5.02 and 0.84 mg/100 g). Finally ‘Giza-15’ was the highest variety in P and Na (381.37 and 119.29 mg/100 g).After treatments chemical composition, amylose and minerals were decreased. Processing techniques reduce the levels of antinutritionalorganic factors, which including phytates, phenols, tannins and enzyme inhibitors by releasing exogenous and endogenous enzymes suchas phytase enzyme formed during processing.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS, DES DATES ET DES DOSES DE SEMIS SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LA QUALITÉ DE LA LUZERNE L’ANNÉE DU SEMIS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
L. BELZILE ◽  
R. RIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Made In

The effects of cultivars, seeding rates and dates on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield and quality in the seeding year were studied from 1971 to 1975 on a Kamouraska clay. Results showed the importance of seeding alfalfa before the end of May. Seedings made in early and in mid-May resulted in equivalent yield. Differences between cultivars were more important on the second than on the first cut. Regrowth was an important factor in the seedling year. The total yield of the Alfa cultivar is higher than Vernal and Narragansett and it is also higher for every combination of rates and seeding dates. Seeding rates were not an important factor except at the first cut where a rate of 6.7 kg/ha gave a lower yield than a rate of 13.4 kg/ha. Dry matter digestibility of Alfa is sometimes higher than for the other cultivars in the study. Late seeding generally increased the digestibility of the second cut dry matter, whereas rates of seeding have no effect on either first or second cut material. The crude protein content is not affected by seeding rates and the effects of cultivars are generally very small. With a delay in seeding dates the crude protein content of the second cut material is sometimes increased.Key words: Medicago sativa L., cultivar, date, rate

scholarly journals Digestibility of the lichen Stereocaulon paschale in reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Endre Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

<p>The digestibility of the lichen Stereocaulon paschale is studied in a digestibility trial with two reindeer calves. The lichen is collected near Kautokeino in Northern Norway. Chemical composition of the lichen is shown in Table 1. Compared with Cladonia-species the content of crude protein and ash is higher in Stereocanlon paschale The content of Ca, P and Mg in the two species is of the same magnitude, while the content of Na and CI is ten times higher in Cladonia alpestris. The estimated digestibility is shown in Table 2. The dry matter digestibility is calculated to 46, 4%, which is very low compared to Cladonia-species. The higher crude protein content in Stereocaulon paschale has resulted in a positive apparent digestibility of protein.</p><p>Tinaj&aring;k&aring;l&aring;n (Stereocanlon paschale) sulavuus porolla.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Tinaj&aring;k&aring;l&aring;n sulavuutta on tutkittu sulavuuskokeissa kahdella poronvasalla. Kokeessa k&aring;ytetty j&aring;k&aring;l&aring; on koottu l&aring;helt&aring; Kautokemoa. J&aring;k&aring;l&aring;n kemiallinen koosturnus on esitetty taulukossa I. Tinaj&aring;k&aring;l&aring;n sis&aring;lt&aring;m&aring; raakaproteiini- ja tuhkapitoisuus on korkeampi kuin (Cladonia-lajeilla). Ca-, P- ja Mg-pitoisuudet ovat po. j&aring;k&aring;l&aring;lajeilla samantasoiset, kun taas Cladonia alpestris sisalt&aring;m&aring;t Na- ja Cl-pitoisuudet ovat kymmenen kertaa korkeampia. Sulavuuslaskelmat esitet&aring;&aring;n taulukossa 2. Kuiva-aineen sulavuus on 46,4% mik&aring; on eritt&aring;in alhainen verrattuna Cladonia-lajien sulavuuteen. Tinaj&aring;k&aring;l&aring;n korkeampi proteiinisis&aring;lto on vaikuttanut myonteisesti valkuaisaineen sulavuuteen.</p><p>Ford&oslash;yelighet av saltlav, (Stereocaulon paschale) til rein</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Ford&oslash;yeligheten av saltlav (Stereocaulon paschale) er unders&oslash;kt i ford&oslash;yelsesfors&oslash;k med 2 reinkalver. Lav til fors&oslash;ket er sanket n&aelig;r Kautokeino. Kjemisk sammensetning av lavet er vist i Tabell 1. Sammenlignet med Cladonia-arter er innholdet av r&aring;protein og aske h&oslash;yere i saltlavet. Innholdet av Ca. P og Mg er p&aring; samme niv&aring; i disse arter, mens innholdet av Na og Cl er ti ganger h&oslash;yere i Cladonia alpestris. Den beregnede ford&oslash;yelighet er vist i Tabell 2. For t&oslash;rrstoff er ford&oslash;yeligheten 46,4%, som er sv&aelig;rt lavt sammenlignet med ford&oslash;yeligheten for Cladonia-arter. Det h&oslash;yere proteininnholdet i saltlav har f&oslash;rt til positiv ford&oslash;yelighet for protein.</p>

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