EFFECTS OF CUTTING TREATMENTS ON LADINO CLOVER GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASSES: II. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Made In

Ladino clover grown alone and in mixture with timothy and smooth bromegrass was cut two, four and six times per season to a height of [Formula: see text] and 3 inches. Forage harvested in 1955 and 1956 from a seeding made in 1954 at the Experimental Farm, Lennoxville, Quebec, was chemically analysed.Ladino clover contained more K but less N-free extract and Ca when grown alone than when associated with a grass. Bromegrass had a higher content of crude protein, ash, P and K, and a lower content of N-free extract than timothy.Height of cutting failed to modify the chemical composition of the grasses. In the clover, close cutting reduced the fat and K contents and increased the ash content.The crude protein content increased and the crude fibre and N-free extract contents decreased in both forage fractions with increasing cutting frequencies. Fat was highest in the clover cut four times and in the grasses cut four and six times. The ash content in the clover was not significantly altered by cutting frequency but tended to decrease with increasing maturity in the grasses. The Ca content was lowest in the clover cut six times and in the grasses cut twice. In both forage fractions, the P and K contents were higher with either four or six cuttings than with two cuttings.

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

The nutritive value of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass): I. Yields and chemical composition related to season and herbage growth stage

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

The results of more than fifty estimates1 of herbage yield and ninety-seven analyses of chemical composition are presented in the first of several reports on nutritive evaluation studies of Panicum maximum (guinea grass). Effects of stage of maturity and season are discussed.Herbage yield increased at an increasing rate with maturity, and was depressed by about 40 % in the dry season compared to the wet season. The most significant differences in chemical composition were a decrease in crude protein from 9·8 % to 6·6% and a corresponding increase in crude fibre from 32·1 % to 39·4% as the grass matured from about 2½ weeks to about 2½ months in age. An increased level of nitrogen fertilization resulted in crude protein content being nearly doubled and crude fibre somewhat reduced.

The apparent digestibility of crude protein by the ruminant: IV. The effect of crude fibre

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
M. H. French
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
General Equation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Modified Equation

The role of crude fibre in modifying the general equation relating the digestibility coefficient of crude protein to the percentage of crude protein in the dry matter of a feed is described.It is shown that for normal average food-stuffs the effect is slight and that for all practical routine purposes the original equation will provide satisfactory estimates of the digestibility coefficient when only the crude-protein content of the dry feed is known.On the other hand, when exceptional feeds are encountered, particularly those in which the crudefibre/crude-protein relationship is abnormal, then more accurate estimates of the digestibility coefficient of crude protein can be obtained from the modified equation which is described above.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition and Total Viable Counts of Staphylococcus aureus in ‘Nono’ And Yoghurt Samples in Kaduna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Fausat Adeola Abdulrahman ◽  
Emiade Sanmi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity

The study aims at determining the physicochemical, proximate composition and the total viable count of Staphylococcus aureus in ‘Nono’ and yoghurt samples in Kaduna, Nigeria.Three hundred and eighty-four (384) fermented milk samples (Nono and yoghurt) were obtained from different selling points and were evaluated for the occurrence of S. aureus. The physicochemical and proximate analyses (pH, total titratable acidity, moisture content, ash content, protein content, and fat content) were determined. The results of the analyses showed that Nono had pH range of 3.56-3.61, total titratable acidity: 0.71-1.72, moisture content: 82.23-83.87%, ash content: 0.30-0.31%, crude protein content: 1.50-1.61%, crude fat content: 0.35-0.38 %. For yoghurt, the pH ranged from 3.76 -3.82, total titratable acidity: 1.10 -1.15, moisture content: 77.76-80.06%, ash content: 0.68- 0.70%, crude protein content: 3.40-3.45% and crude fat content: 1.76-1.79% from all the study areas. One hundred and four of the total samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Out of the 104 isolates of S. aureus that were isolated and identified, 88 were coagulase positive S.aureus. The Microgen Staph ID kit (Oxoid) was used to further confirm the characteristics of the 60 isolates of the coagulase positive S. aureus. The kit confirmed 43 isolates as S. aureus, the results indicated the presence of S. aureus in the milk samples which is of public health importance, as this can contribute to food-borne intoxication which can lead to food poisoning. There is a need for proper pasteurisation of raw milk to help eradicate S. aureus infection before human consumption.

The composition and nutritive value of seeds hays

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson ◽  
S. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Crude Fibre Content ◽  
Clover Content

The examination of 108 first year seeds hays showed the average crude protein content to be 9·0 ― and the average crude fibre content 25·7 ―. The crude protein content varied from 5·0 to 13·5 ― and was directly associated with the clover content.Figures obtained on hays cut in the second and third years of the ley suggest that the protein content falls, and the crude fibre content rises, with increasing age of ley.The composition and digestibility of twenty first year hays were determined and the average figures quoted for hays of high, medium and low clover content. The starch equivalent values of these hays were high and moderately constant, varying from 33·3 to 41·2, average 36·8. The protein equivalent values varied from 1·8 to 8·4 ―, average 5·1 ―.The composition and digestibility of four samples of second year seeds hay, two samples of third year hay, one sample of second cut hay in its first year and one sample of lucerne and cocksfoot hay were also determined.

The intensive production of herbage for crop-drying: Part I. A study of the productivity of two annual crops and two leys and of their responses in yield and chemical composition to applications of nitrogenous manure

1948 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Second Year

SUMMARY1. The importance of uniform production of herbage for crop-drying is emphasized.2. A replicated experiment is described which compared four crops, two annuals and two leys under four manurial treatments which included a control and three applications of fertilizer (3½ cwt. ‘nitrochalk’) distributed during the season in three ways.3. Vetches yielded 2500–3000 lb. dry matter per acre of 28–30% crude-protein content in two cuts.Barley yielded 2500–3000 lb. dry matter per acre of 18–21% crude protein in five to six cuts.Leys yielded 4000–5000 lb. dry matter per acre of 15–18% crude protein in four cuts in their first year, and 5000–6000 lb. dry matter per acre of 15–18% crude protein in five cuts in their second year.

ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS (ELYMUS ANGUSTUS) AND ALFALFA AS RATION COMPONENTS FOR LAMBS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KNIPFEL ◽  
D. H. HEINRICHS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Fecal Collection ◽  
Fibre Fraction

Diets containing Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.), or mixtures of these two forage crops were fed to 30-kg growing lambs in digestion stalls, with digestibilities of organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD), crude fibre (CFD) and energy (ED) determined following two total fecal collection periods of 8 days each. The same ratios of Altai wild rye:alfalfa were then fed in diets containing 20% barley. The protein content and the digestibility of protein was much higher in alfalfa than in Altai wild ryegrass, while the crude fibre fraction of Altai wild ryegrass was more digestible than that of alfalfa. Addition of 20% barley increased DCP and reduced DCF contents of the diets. Mixtures of the forage crops alone or with barley supplied DCP requirements of the growing lamb. DE contents of the two forage crops were similar and deficient for optimum performance of the growing lamb, although inclusion of 20% barley appeared to correct this deficiency according to chemical composition of the diets. Intakes of all diets fed were insufficient to allow optimum lamb performance, even though chemical analyses suggested that diets containing barley were adequate in DE content.

The chemical composition of the straw and grain of some varieties of spring oats in relation to time of harvesting, nitrogen treatment and environment

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Two Stages

1. Three contrasting varieties of spring oats were grown at six centres in England and Wales for three seasons, at two levels of manuring. They were harvested at two stages of ripeness, and both straw and grain were analysed for all treatments.2. Varietal differences in composition between samples of straw grown under similar conditions and harvested at comparable stages of ripeness were negligible. In this respect there was no relationship between quality of straw and that of grain.3. Differences in composition attributable to environment were very large. Crude protein content ranged from 1·9 to 7·6%, and crops grown under cool and wet conditions always yielded a better quality straw than those grown under the warmer and drier conditions in the south of England.4. The chemical composition of oat straw changed very little between the early ‘binder-ripe’ stage and the fully ripe ‘combine’ stage, although physically it tended to become more brittle and less attractive in appearance. The grain also showed little change in composition between the two times of harvesting.5. A spring dressing of 2 cwt. per acre of nitrochalk increased the protein content of the straw very considerably, but the response varied widely with conditions. The average increase at all centres over three years was 20%.6. Under cool and moist conditions the composition of oat straw was comparable with that of meadow hay.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the availability of mass of forage: morphological responses and chemical composition of Tanzania grass subjected to two pasture-management strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Gabriel Camilo ◽  
Alberto Magno Fernandes ◽  
Tadeu Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Danielle Ferreira Baffa ◽  
Sarah Ellen Eduardo Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sward Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic traits and chemical composition of Tanzania grass using a fixed rest period or according to light interception at 95%. The treatments consisted of evaluations of two Tanzania-grass pasture-management strategies: (1) LI95 - animals entered the paddocks when the pasture reached 95% of light interception (LI), with three days of paddock occupation; and (2) FR - the pasture was managed with a defoliation interval (DI) of 30 days, and three days of paddock occupation. The experimental area consisted of 4 ha, with 22 paddocks per treatments. Ten recently-calved cows were used per treatment in year 1, and eight cows were used per treatment in year 2. Sward height, forage mass, and morphological components and their chemical composition were evaluated. The management strategies used on the Tanzania grass pasture did not affect pasture mass or height in the pre- and post-grazing conditions, or the proportion of stems. However, the proportion of leaves was greater in the paddocks with 95% light interception. The crude protein content was higher in the paddocks with 95% light interception; the other nutrients were not affected. In conclusion, management adopting 95% light interception does not influence morphogenetic traits. Nevertheless, it promotes an increase in the crude protein content of grasses.

scholarly journals Effects of plant species and harvesting system on grassland production in northern Finland

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 479-494
Author(s):  
Oiva Nissinen ◽  
Heikki Hakkola
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Cutting Regimes

The dry matter yields and forage quality of seven grassland plant species and mixed stands which included three cutting regimes (pasture 4-5 cuts, silage 2-3 cuts, hay and aftermath) were studied at two locations in northern Finland, Ruukki (64°40’N) and Rovaniemi (66° 35’N). Increased cutting frequency lowered the total dry matter yields of all plant species. Production of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis L.) swards was significantly reduced by taking four or five cuts instead of one or two cuts. Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.) showed only a minor interaction with harvesting regimes and were less affected by the cutting frequency. The increased cutting frequency raised the crude protein content, this causing the highest protein yields despite the smaller dry matter yields. The inclusion of red clover in seed mixtures had a favourable effect on the crude protein content of grass swards. Stands of sown plants decreased and the proportion of weeds in yields increased with time, reflecting the suitability of plant species to various cutting regimes. Meadow fescue and meadow grass with rapid regrowth had a positive effect on sward density and also caused less invasion of weeds when the cutting frequency was increased.

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