scholarly journals Optimisation of the breeding value model of Simmental bull sires

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovanka Panic ◽  
V. Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Value Model ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Cattle Farms

In this research 245 cows were included. They are daughters of ten sires, and they realized 548 lactations in the period from year 2000 to 2003. Data were used from two cattle farms, "Backa" and "Pobeda" that are located on government property "Krivaja". In this research influences of systematic factors like farm, year, season or lactation have been included. Breading values are evaluated for all qualities (milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage and persistency of milk production). Sires are ranked based on average milk yield of his daughters.

scholarly journals To the question of evaluating the efficiency of linear breeding in Simmental cattle breed different origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
L. Ignat'eva ◽  
A. Konte ◽  
A. Sermyagin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The purpose of the research – to study the impact of related foreign pedigree resources on the Russian population of Simmental cattle. Research Methods. Studies carried out on cows of Simmental breed of different linear origin and genotypes in five regions of Russian Federation: Voronezh, Oryol, Kursk, Belgorod regions and Altayskiy krai, the total number was 35147 cows. EBV estimates were calculated through RENUMF 90, REMLF 90 and BLUPF 90 programs. Evaluation of the components of the variants of genetic and paratypical nature was carried out using the method restricted maximum likelihood – REML. Results. It is established that the largest share for animals foreign origin are 60.7 %, including German-Austrian bloodlines 46.6 % and Holsteins – 14.1 %. 39.3 % of animals are the Russian origin, which 13.5 % representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines, 17.8 % are Holsteins and 8.0 % are from domestic (Russian) bloodlines. In the general population of Simmental breed, the best productivity was shown by cows of German-Austrian bloodlines at the level of 5351 kg of milk with fat percentage 4.00 % and protein percentage 3.19 %. Representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines origin for milk yield showed the estimated breeding value (EBV) for Simmental bulls in the common population by +9.2 kg and fat percentage by +0.012 %. The negative EBV values were obtained for Russian bloodlines by –22.8 kg, and Holstein bloodlines took an intermediate position among all lines (+2.3 kg). The first calving cows, which were in the herd at the time of research, the best milk production traits were found in individuals of foreign origin, both for Holstein (6096 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.96 % and protein 3.23 %), and German-Austrian bloodlines (milk yield 5763 kg, fat 4.04 % and protein 3.19 %), with high estimates of breeding value for milk yield +33.3 kg and +15.2 kg, respectively. Low values of milk productivity among all evaluated animals were observed for animals of Russian bloodlines by 4469 kg milk 3.87 % fat and 3.20 % protein in milk. The first calving cows of Russian origin in foreign bloodlines origin exceeded their peers in Russian Simmental bloodlines in milk production by +608 kg of milk and +0.15 % fat (signed to German-Austrian bloodlines) and +924 kg and +0.06 % fat (signed to Holstein bloodlines). The average values of EBV in these lines, although had low values by –5.6 kg milk for Holstein and by +2.7 kg milk for German-Austrian bloodlines, but was significantly higher than for Russian lines by –12.7 kg milk. Scientific novelty. For the first time, scientific research aimed at improving the system of prediction to breeding abilities of bulls on dairy productivity of daughters based on optimization structure of equations of the mixed model (BLUP, the best linear unbiased prediction) has been carried out for the population Simmental cattle of Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Associations between polymorphisms of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B genes and Milk production traits in Chinese Holstein

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruike Jia ◽  
Yihan Fu ◽  
Lingna Xu ◽  
Houcheng Li ◽  
Yanhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Percentage Protein

Abstract Background Our preliminary work confirmed that, SLC22A7 (solute carrier family 22 member 7), NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor), ARNTL (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like) and PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bβ) genes were differentially expressed in dairy cows during different stages of lactation, and involved in the lipid metabolism through insulin, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways, so we considered these four genes as the candidates affecting milk production traits. In this study, we detected polymorphisms of the four genes and verified their genetic effects on milk yield and composition traits in a Chinese Holstein cow population. Results By resequencing the whole coding region and part of the flanking region of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B, we totally found 20 SNPs, of which five were located in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR, three in ARNTL, and four in PPP2R2B. Using Haploview4.2, we found three haplotype blocks including five SNPs in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR and three in ARNTL. Single-SNP association analysis showed that 19 out of 20 SNPs were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage in the first and second lactations (P < 0.05). Haplotype-based association analysis showed that the three haplotypes were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage (P < 0.05). Further, we used SOPMA software to predict a SNP, 19:g.37095131C > T in NGFR, changed the structure of NGFR protein. In addition, we used Jaspar software to found that four SNPs, 19:g.37113872C > G,19:g.37113157C > T, and 19:g.37112276C > T in NGFR and 15:g.39320936A > G in ARNTL, could change the transcription factor binding sites and might affect the expression of the corresponding genes. These five SNPs might be the potential functional mutations for milk production traits in dairy cattle. Conclusions In summary, we proved that SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B have significant genetic effects on milk production traits. The valuable SNPs can be used as candidate genetic markers for genomic selection of dairy cattle, and the effects of these SNPs on other traits need to be further verified.

scholarly journals Heritability values of more important milk qualities of Simmental breed cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovanka Panic ◽  
Vitomir Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Cattle Farms

In this research 245 cows are included. They are daughters of ten sires and all of them realized 548 lactations in the period 2000 and 2003. Data used originated from two cattle farms, "Backa" and "Pobeda" that are on government property "Krivaja". During lactation lasting approximately 333 days cow produced 4521 kg of milk yield with 181 kg fat yield and 4,00% fat percentage in standard lactation. The values for heritability are estimated by using interclass correlation. It was low for duration of lactation (0,017) and for fat percentage (0,037). Also, it was medium for milk yield (0,227) and fat yield (0,214).The average values for heritability in the standard lactations were 0,317 for milk yield and 0,281 for fat yield. In other words, those are medium hereditary features. The values for heritability were low for fat percentage (0,031), or low hereditary feature.

scholarly journals The Breeding Values of German Holstein Sires and the <i>DGAT1</i> Polymorphism

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
J. Citek ◽  
V. Rehout ◽  
E. Hradecka ◽  
L. Vecerek ◽  
L. Panicke
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Dgat1 Gene ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Fat Yield

Abstract. The effect of the genotypes and alleles at nucleotide positions 10433 and 10434 of the DGAT1 gene on the breeding values for milk performance of German Holstein sires born in 1993 (n=66), and in 1998-2001 (n=200) was analyzed. The differences in breeding values had in both years the same trend. In the younger sires, the breeding value for fat percentage was higher by 0.42 % in the Lysine homozygotes compared to the Alanine homozygotes (P<0.001). A higher milk breeding value in the Alanine homozygotes (811 kg) was found compared to the Lysine homozygotes (256 kg) (P<0.001), and the fat yield breeding value was higher in the Lysine sires (DGAT1K/DGAT1K 29.6, DGAT1A/DGAT1A 15.9). The breeding value for the protein percentage was higher in the sires carrying the Lysine variant (0.02) than in the Alanine homozygotes (- 0.03, P<0.05), and the protein yield was higher in the Alanine homozygotes (DGAT1K/DGAT1K 10.9, DGAT1A/DGAT1A 25.0, P<0.001). Because of the high emphasis of the index on the protein yield, the relative breeding value for milk was 110 among Alanine homozygotes, and 104 among Lysine. Comparing old and young sires, the genetic background against which the effect of DGAT1 is evaluated has changed. The selection on breeding value for protein yield increased the prevalence of DGAT1A/DGAT1A genotypes in protein and milk yield, and in relative breeding value for milk. In the old group, there was the highest protein yield in the heterozygous sires DGAT1KA, it could be explained by another genetic background of the tested female population. Because the breeding value for fat percentage of heterozygous sires has lain within the values of homozygotes in both old and young sires, we assume the intermediary heredity on the locus. The differences of genotypic and allelic frequencies among old and young sires were not significant, however, there was certain tendency of increase of allele A (0.60 old sires, 0.64 young). On the results of this paper, the locus of DGAT1 offers information for evaluation of breed animals.

scholarly journals Dairy productivity of the Swiss breed procensor of different genotypes in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04035
Author(s):  
M Ashirov ◽  
U Soatov ◽  
B Ashirov ◽  
KH Donaev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
Production Coefficient ◽  
Positive Effect

Studies have shown that the breeding cattle of the Swiss breed of different genotypes used in the selection in Uzbekistan are characterized by high breeding value. The cows obtained from them are distinguished by high milk productivity and fat-milk content, a high milk production coefficient, indicating a pronounced milk type. Cattle of Austrian breeding are characterized by a higher productivity potential. In some cattle cows, the milk yield by 191.3–417.1 kg, the milk yield of 4% milk by 212.6–472.6 kg, the milk yield coefficient by 26.1–45.8 kg exceeds the corresponding indicators of the cows of other cattle. The calves of the cattle nick-named Karan, Koster, Emil and Jordan had milk yield at 1,174.8, 1,219.4; 935.0 and 1,010.4 kg respectively; milk fat yield by 52.9; 55.3; 45.3, and 49.9 kg are higher than the requirements of the republican standard of the Swiss breed. Studies have confirmed that the use of semen from cattle -producers of the Swiss breed in breeding herds, regardless of origin, has a positive effect on the improvement of the main selection characteristics of cows of the Swiss breed of Uzbekistan.

HIGH-MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH-PRODUCING COWS AND THEIR OFFSPRINGS OF INTERBREED PRECARPATHIAN TYPE OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
O. Y. Ilnytska ◽  
N. P. Babik
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Positive Correlations

The studies were conducted on high-producing cows of Precarpathian innerbreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle and their progeny, according to zootechnical accounting in private farm enterprise "Mamayivske" in Kytsman district of Chernivtsi region. It was established that during the period from 1995 to 2010 the farm had 20 cows with milk yields over 8000 kg. The highest milk production by the best lactation had cows Maratka 3235, Vorovka 5982 and Chaika 3839, their milk yields were 10586; 9380 and 9008 kgrespectively, fat content in milk – 3.61, 3.79 and 3.77% and fat yield – 382.2, 355.5 and 339.6 kg. The cows had the highest milk yields mostly during the third lactation, and milk yields on average reached record in 3.85 lactations. High-yielding cows belonged to 5 bloodlines: R. Sovering 198998, P. Astronaut 1458744, R. Citation 267150, Rigel 352882 and Hanover 1629391. The most numerous one was Astronaut bloodline (11 cows). Daughters of Tyulpan 7451 (R. Sovering bloodline) had the highest level of milk production during the best lactation. They predominated in milk yield during the best lactation over Gybrid’s daughters (Citation bloodline) by 156 kg, T. Tourist’s daughters (Rigel bloodline) by 401 kg, Sekret’s daughters (P. Astronaut bloodline) by 473 kg and M. G. Horizont’s daughters (Hanover bloodline) by 812 kg , by fat yield – by 4.6, 8.6, 9.9 and 26.8 kg, respectively but they were inferior by fat content in milk by 0.02, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.04%. Sekret’s daughters had higher fat content in milk. By this trait, they predominated over Hybrid’s daughters by 0.07, T. Tourist’s daughters – by 0.02 and M. G. Horizont’s daughters – by 0.05%. The average breeding value of bulls, daughters of whom had milk productivity of more than 8000 kg, was +276 kg. The highest milk yields were in cows whose mothers belonged to P. Astronaut and Hanover bloodlines and fathers – to R. Sovering bloodline (daughters’ milk yield was 9303 and 9008 kg respectively). High milk yield (8842 kg) also was in cows whose mothers belonged to P. Astronaut bloodline and fathers – to R. Citation bloodline. The best cows by fat content in milk were obtained from a combination of bloodlines V. Ideal – P. Astronaut (3.80%), Rigel – Rigel (3.80%), V. Ideal – Rigel (3.78%) and V. Ideal – Rigel (3.78%). Coefficients of repeatability for milk production decreased with increase in period between the comparable lactations. By milk yield for I-VI and the best lactations they were within 0.206-0.495, and by fat content in milk – within 0.337-0.469. The better daughters by milk yield not always were obtained from high-yielding cows and, on the contrary, the worse ones – from low-yielding cows. Most cows with high milk yields were from mothers with yields not exceeding 6000 kg of milk, and only with average milk performance of mothers not more than 7281 kg of milk, their daughters predominated in milk yields. With the increase in average productivity of mothers to 8456 kg of milk or more, daughters were inferior to their mothers by1180-3454 kg of milk, but, in all cases, they had a higher milk yield than the average for the herd. Positive correlations were found between mothers' milk yield and milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield of their daughters, but their values partly depended on mothers’ productivity. The highest correlation coefficients between productivity of daughters and mothers were observed at the mothers’ yields not higher than 6999 kg (r = 0.221-0.273), and the lowest – at mothers’ yields over 9,000 kg (r = 0.155-0.182). It was found that bull Arbat 1577, estimated on milk production in 69 daughters, had the highest breeding value. The rank of its breeding value was P5 (improver "excellent"). Cows Maratka 3235 (+3204 and +1860 kg), Krona 8490 (+2202 and +1315 kg) Vorovka 5972 (+1710 and +1121 kg), Kava 5450 (+1626 and +1004 kg) Shchoka 5870 (+1602 and +937 kg) had the highest breeding value in terms of best lactation and based on three sources of information, respectively.

The use of short-term secretion rate measurements for estimating the milk production of suckler cows

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. P. Le Du ◽  
R. D. Baker ◽  
J. M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Good Agreement

SummaryTwo experiments with dairy cows and one with suckler cows and their calves were conducted to examine the use of secretion rate measurements for estimating total milk production. In the first experiment both 4- and 6- h intervals between measurements gave similar estimates of total 7-d milk yield. The second experiment compared estimated and measured milk composition as well as yield. Milk and solids-not-fat yields were underestimated with dairy cows as a result of an extended milking interval before measurement. However, fat yield was overestimated, indicating that all residual milk was not removed at the first oxytocinaided milking. It was concluded that for the beef cow, previous interval effects would be eliminated by the frequency of calf suckling, but that residual milk effects might cause a 3–6% and a 16% overestimation of milk and fat yields respectively.In the third experiment, the milk yield of suckler cows was estimated from measurements of secretion rate and from changes in calf weight; good agreement was obtained provided there were at least 3 consecutive controlled sucklings.

Genetic Polymorphism in Prolactin Gene and its Effect on Test Day Milk Production Traits in Sahiwal Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Karuthadurai ◽  
A.K. Chakravarty ◽  
A. Kumaresan ◽  
D.N. Das ◽  
A. Sakthivel Selvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Fat Yield

Background: The selection of genetically superior animals at an early stage of life, the molecular markers are used along with traditional selection. The study was carried out to identify the genetic polymorphism in the exon3 region of the Prolactin and enumerate its effect on milk production performance in Sahiwal cattle. Prolactin plays an imperative regulatory role in mammary gland development, milk emission and lactogenesis. Analysed the sequence of this gene to explore whether mutations in this sequence and it could be accountable for quantitative variations in milk production and its composition traits.Methods: Total DNA was isolated from the blood samples of 98 pedigreed Sahiwal population. Using PCR-RFLP method and direct sequencing, noticed a single-nucleotide polymorphism in exon3 region of the Prolactin gene in 156bp and also the effect of non- genetic factors on each trait was assessed by least-squares analysis for non-orthogonal data by a fixed model.Result: PCR-RFLP was done with RsaI restriction endonuclease for the identification of different genotypes. The frequency of G and A alleles of the Prolactin gene was evaluated as 0.575 and 0.425, whereas the frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes for the Prolactin gene were 0.45, 0.25 and 0.30, respectively. SNP (G55A) conferred an increase in test-day milk yield around 321.5g, in test day fat yield around 13.9g and in test day SNF yield increase was 19.4g, respectively. High correlation was perceived from test day (TD2) onwards between test day traits and lactation milk yield indicating that selection based on identified SNP in TD2 increased test day milk yield, fat yield and SNF yield by 1.1472 kg, 29.6gm and 45.4gm, respectively.

Genetic line × concentrate level interactions for milk production and feed efficiency in dairy cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
G. L. Roy ◽  
A. J. Lee ◽  
A. J. McAllister ◽  
T. R. Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Concentrate Level

Early first lactation data from 2230 cows of five research herds of Agriculture Canada were used to study the interactions of genetic line by concentrate level, and sire by concentrate level and to estimate breeding values of sires. The genetic lines were defined as Holstein (H), Ayrshire (A), and H × A or A × H (C). The interactions of sire by concentrate level were studied separately using progeny of five different mating groups: G1, H sires mated to H cows; G2, H sires mated to H, A and C cows; G3, A sires mated to A cows; G4, A sires mated to H, A and C cows; and G5, C sires mated to C cows. The interactions of genetic line by concentrate were significant (P < 0.05) for 56- to 112-d milk yield (MY112), corrected 56-to 112-d milk yield (CMY112) and feed efficiency (EFMY112 = MY112/TDN consumption). H and C cows produced more milk and were more efficient than A cows when fed high levels of concentrate. The H cattle possess a greater capacity to convert the concentrate into milk, while A cattle reach maximum milk production earlier than H cattle. The interactions of sire by concentrate were statistically significant for MY112, EFMY112 and CMY112 in G1 (P < 0.01), and G2 (P < 0.01). The breeding values of sires for MY112 were estimated using BLUP for all of the H line (BLUP-T), for half of the population consuming low amounts of concentrate (BLUP-L) and for the other half consuming high amounts (BLUP-H). A significant reranking of sires was found among the three groups. Key words: Genotype × environment interaction, milk production, efficiency, breeding value, dairy cattle

scholarly journals Associations between milking technology, herd size and milk production parameters on commercial dairy cattle farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Dorottya Ivanyos ◽  
László Ózsvári ◽  
István Fodor ◽  
Csaba Németh ◽  
Attila Monostori
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the study was to survey the milking technology and to analyse the associations between milking parlour type, herd size, and milk production parameters on dairy cattle farms. The milking technology was surveyed by using a questionnaire in 417 Hungarian dairy herds with 177,514 cows in 2017, and it was compared with their official farm milk production data. The surveyed farms were categorized according to their size (1-50, 51-300, 301-600, and &gt;600 cows) and to their milking parlour types (herringbone, parallel, carousel, and others). The relationships were analysed by multivariate linear models, one-way ANOVA, and Fisher’s exact test. Pairwise comparisons were performed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. The prevailing type of milking parlour was herringbone (71.0 %), but on larger farms the occurrence of parallel and carousel parlours increased (p&lt;0.001). The number of milking stalls per farm increased with herd size (p&lt;0.001). Farms with herringbone parlour had significantly smaller number of milking stalls than that of parallel (p=0.022) and carousel (p&lt;0.001) parlours, and the cows were mostly milked two times, while in carousel milking parlours mostly three times a day. As the herd size increased, so did daily milk yield (p&lt;0.001) and daily milk production per cow (p&lt;0.001). Herd size was associated with somatic cell count (p&lt;0.001). The type of milking parlour showed significant association with daily milk yield (p=0.039) and dairy units with herringbone milking system had the lowest milk quality. Our findings show that herd size has greater impact on milk production parameters than milking technologies.

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