scholarly journals Three-dimensional ultrasound in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer: State of the art

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Giulio Santoro ◽  
Fabrizio Vittadello
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Anal Verge ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Endoscopic Microsurgery ◽  
Circumferential Resection Margin Involvement ◽  
Relationship Of

Imaging modalities such as endorectal ultrasonography (ERUS), pelvic magnetic resonance (MRI) and computed tomography play a fundamental role in evaluating recatl cancer preoperatively, planning surgical procedures, and selecting patients for neoadjuvant therapy. Based on the best available evidence, ERUS is recommended to accurately discriminate between T1 and T2 lesions, for low rectal cancer, defined as 0-5cm from the anal verge, if local excision (with transanal excision of transanal endoscopic microsurgery) is being considered. MRI is the best modality to detect mesorectal fascia invasion and to predict circumferential resection margin involvement. Both modalities have similar limitations in distinguishing metastatic from bening lumph node in the mesorectum. Due to higher panoramicity and multiplanar reconstruction, three-dimensional ERUS allows to visualize the spatial relationship of the rectal tumour in the context of the surrounding structures, improving the accuracy of ultra-sonographic staging. Technological advances and perspectives of ERUS under investigations are represented by real-time colour elastography, Doppler US and contrast-enhanced US.

scholarly journals A three-dimensional structural dissection of Drosophila polytene chromosomes.

1995 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Urata ◽  
S J Parmelee ◽  
D A Agard ◽  
J W Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Band Shape ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Relationship Of

We have analyzed the three-dimensional structural details of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosome bands and interbands using three-dimensional light microscopy and a novel method of sample preparation that does not involve flattening or stretching the chromosomes. Bands have been visualized in unfixed chromosomes stained with the DNA specific dye 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Interbands have been visualized using fixed chromosomes that have been immunostained with an antibody to RNA polymerase II. Additionally, these structures have been analyzed using in situ hybridization with probes from specific genetic loci (Notch and white). Bands are seen to be composed of approximately 36 substructural features that measure 0.2-0.4 micron in diameter. We suggest that these substructural features are in fact longitudinal fibers made up of bundles of chromatids. Band shape can be a reproducible characteristic of a particular band and is dependent on the spatial relationship of these bundles, varying from bands with a uniform distribution of bundles to bands with a peripheral concentration of chromatin. Interbands are composed of bundles of chromatids of a similar size and number as those seen in the bands. The distribution of bundles is similar between a band and the neighboring interband, implying that there is a long range organization to the DNA that includes both the coding and the noncoding portions of genes. Finally, we note that the polytene chromosome has a circular shape when viewed in cross section, whether there are one or two homologs present.

THE APPLICATION OF STEREOSCOPIC VIDEO TO UNDERWATER REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLES

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Stereoscopic Display ◽  
Stereoscopic Video ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicles ◽  
Video System ◽  
North West ◽  
Manipulator Arm ◽  
Relationship Of

A stereoscopic video system for use with Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) has been developed by Curtin University's Centre for Marine Science and Technology. The system provides ROV operators with a fully three-dimensional (stereoscopic) view of the ROVs surroundings. This increased perception of depth offers several advantages to both the piloting of ROVs and also to the operation of an ROV manipulator arm.The stereoscopic video system consists of an underwater stereoscopic video camera which fits on the ROV and a stereoscopic display which is installed in the ship-based ROV control room. The system was developed in close cooperation with Woodside Offshore Petroleum which has used the system on their Triton ROV. Three ROVs are currently operated at Woodside's oil fields on Western Australia's North West Shelf.Field use of the system on the Triton ROV has revealed many advantages of stereoscopic video. One of the areas where advantages are particularly evident is in the operation of the manipulator arm. Operators have reported that it is perceptually easier to perform manipulator tasks. This is because the spatial relationship of objects can be immediately identified, making object placement and alignment easier. The system also provides a better understanding of the work site and a perceived improvement in image quality and therefore improved visibility.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: results of the first 50 cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Narimantas Evaldas SAMALAVIČIUS ◽  
Alfredas KILIUS ◽  
Kęstutis PETRULIS ◽  
Simona LETAUTIENĖ ◽  
Rūta GRIGIENĖ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery ◽  
Rectal Wall ◽  
Anal Verge ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Rectal Stricture ◽  
Early Rectal Cancer ◽  
Endoscopic Microsurgery

The aim of the study was to share the experience and first results of implementation of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) technique for the removal of rectal adenomas, early rectal cancer or rectal stricture in the Center of Oncosurgery, Oncology Institute of Vilnius University. Materials and methods. From October 2009 to October 2011, a total of 50 patients underwent TEM for rectal adenomas, early rectal cancer or rectal stricture. The patients were 25 women and 25 men, 31 to 87 years of age (average 65 years). Rectal lesions were from 0.9 to 7.0 cm in diameter, 3–13 cm from the anal verge. Full thickness excision with 1 cm safety margin was achieved in all cases except two (mucosal excision), followed by closing of the rectal wall defect in one-layer running monocryl 3.0 suture using silver clips. In one case (TEM was performed for T2 rectal cancer), abdominal cavity was penetrated and two-layer closure was preferred. Results. In these series of 50 patients there was 1 (2%) complication (cystitis). No postoperative exitus occurred. The hospitalisation period ranged from 2 to 13 days (average 6 days). Final histology revealed 30 (60%) tubular or villous adenomas, 6 (12%) carcinomas in situ (pTis), 7 (14%) T1, 4 (8%) T2 cancers, and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors in 3 (6%) were diagnosed. One patient underwent open partial TME in pT1 group; the tumor was in the upper third of rectum and preoperatively evaluated as pTis disease. In two cases (pT1 group) lymphovascular invasion was present on final pathology, so they were offered a postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Other 4 patients in T1 group are under surveillance. All 4 patients with T2 lesions were offered adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, one patient refused further treatment. Conclusions. TEM is an alternative for transanal excision of rectal adenomas and early rectal cancer. Further follow-up is necessary to evaluate the recurrence rate of cancer in invasive cancer patients group.

EUS Preoperative Staging of Rectal Cancer for Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery

Endoscopy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (S 03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Lu ◽  
Dai Xin ◽  
Lin Mobin ◽  
Yin Lu ◽  
Zhu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Endoscopic Microsurgery

scholarly journals Spatial Orientation Of Objects Based On Processing Of A Natural Language Text For Storyboard Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1238
Author(s):  
Vlada Vladimirovna Kugurakova ◽  
Gulnara Faritovna Sahibgareeva ◽  
An' Zung Nguyen ◽  
Andrey Maksimovich Astafiev
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Natural Language Text ◽  
Camera Rotation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Language Text

The article is devoted to our approaches to processing text in natural language to clarify the specific spatial relationship of objects and three-dimensional frame-by-frame visualization. The proposed approach allows us to show how the explicit constraints of the extracted spatial relationships affect and makes it possible to create possible layouts of objects on the scene. Natural language interpretations for spatial knowledge can generate three-dimensional scenes, which in turn are necessary to translate the scriptwriter's intent into the design of video games. The work also takes into account the rules of directing to create successful shots. Among them, accounting for the plan, camera rotation, as well as compositional nuances.

Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Scanning

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-E. Fredfeldt ◽  
H. H. Holm ◽  
J. F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Video Signal ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Ultrasonic Scanning ◽  
Oscilloscope Screen ◽  
Dynamic Ultrasound ◽  
Conventional Ultrasound ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

Simple experiments which form the basis for a true 3-D demonstration of sectional images are presented and a method for genuine 3-D display of dynamic ultrasound images is described. Eight ultrasound images are recorded with a slightly different angulation of the transducer. The images are extracted from the video signal from a conventional ultrasound scanner and stored in eight digital memories. After recording, each image is displayed on an oscilloscope screen, which is viewed via a fast oscillating mirror. The position of the mirror determines which of the eight images are to be displayed and thereby ensures a correct spatial relationship of the images, resulting in a true 3-D scan presentation.

scholarly journals The Role of 3-D Endorectal Ultrasound in Rectal Cancer: Our Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Y. Kolev ◽  
Anton Y. Tonev ◽  
Valentin L. Ignatov ◽  
Aleksander K. Zlatarov ◽  
Vasil M. Bojkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Wall ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Endorectal Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Locoregional Staging

Abstract In the last 20 years, endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) has been one of the main diagnostic methods for locoregional staging of rectal cancer. ERUS is accurate modality for evaluating local invasion of rectal carcinoma into the rectal wall layers (T category). Adding the three-dimensional modality (3-D) increases the capabilities of this diagnostic tool in rectal cancer patients. We review the literature and report our experience in preoperative 3-D ERUS in rectal cancer staging. In the group of 71 patients, the staging of preoperative 3-D endorectal ultrasonography was compared with the postoperative morphologic examination. Three-dimensional ERUS preoperative staging was confirmed with morphologic evaluation in 66 out of 71 cases (92.9%). The detection sensitivities of rectal cancer with 3-D ERUS were as follows: T1, 92.8%; T2, 93.1%; T3, 91.6%; and T4, 100.0%; with specificity values of T1, 98.2%; T2, 95.4%; T3, 97.8%; and T4, 98.5%. Three-dimensional ERUS correctly categorized patients with T1, 97.1%; T2, 94.3%; T3, 95.7%; and T4, 98.5%. The percentage of total overstaged cases was 2.75% and that of understaged cases was 6.87%. The metastatic status of the lymph nodes was determined with a sensitivity of 79.1% (19 of 24), specificity of 91.4% (43 of 47), and diagnostic accuracy of 87.3% (62 of 71). In our experience, 3-D ERUS has the potential to become the diagnostic modality of choice for the preoperative staging of rectal cancer.

scholarly journals Preoperative staging of rectal cancer: Role of 3D endorectal ultrasonography

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Endorectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Cross Sectional

Endorectal ultrasonography has become important part of preoperative staging of rectal cancer, providing adequate information for clinical decision- making in many cases. However, with the currently available ultrasonographic equipment and techniques, a good deal of relevant information may remain hidden. The advent of high-resolution three-dimensional endoluminal ultrasound, constructed from a synthesis of standard two-dimensional cross-sectional images, and of "Volume Render Mode," a technique to analyze information inside a threedimensional volume, promises to improve the accuracy of rectal cancer staging. The anatomic structures in the pelvis, the axial and longitudinal extension of the tumor, the presence of slight or massive submucosal invasion in early rectal cancer may be imaged in greater detail. This additional information will bring an improvement for both planning and conduct of surgical procedures.

scholarly journals PIVOTAL: Prioritizing variants of uncertain significance with spatial genomic patterns in the 3D proteome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Liang ◽  
Matthew Mort ◽  
Peter D. Stenson ◽  
David N. Cooper ◽  
Haiyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Variant Prioritization ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Variants Of Uncertain Significance ◽  
Uncertain Significance ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTVariants of uncertain significance (VUS) have posed an increasingly prominent challenge to clinicians due to their growing numbers and difficulties in making clinical responses to them. Currently there are no existing methods that leverage the spatial relationship of known disease mutations and genomic properties for prioritizing variants of uncertain significance. More importantly, disease genes often associate with multiple clinically distinct diseases, but none of the existing variant prioritization methods provide clues as to the specific type of disease potentially associated with a given variant. We present PIVOTAL, a spatial neighborhood-based method using three-dimensional structural models of proteins, that significantly improves current variant prioritization tools and identifies potential disease etiology of candidate variants on a proteome scale. Using PIVOTAL, we made pathogenicity predictions for over 140,000 VUS and deployed a web application (http://pivotal.yulab.org) that enables users both to explore these data and to perform custom calculations.

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