scholarly journals The effects of intracerebroventricularly applied ghrelin on thymocytes and thymic architecture in rats of different ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Jovana Todorovic ◽  
Zorica Terzic-Supic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Jelena Suzic-Lazic ◽  
Dejan Zikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Counting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Absolute Volume ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Thymus Atrophy ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats

Ghrelin positively influences the total number of thymocytes and size of the thymus in 14-, 20- and 24-month-old rats. We examined the effect of centrally-applied ghrelin on thymus weight and structure in Wistar rats of different ages. The study included 30 male Wistar rats of three age groups: peripubertal (5-week-old rats), young (2 months) and adult (6 months). The animals of each age group were divided into control and experimental groups that were administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) 1 ?g ghrelin/5 ?L saline daily for five consecutive days. Following treatment, the thymuses were isolated, weighed and processed for stereological analysis by the point-counting method. The average weights of the thymuses were significantly higher in the ghrelin groups with respect to control rats (5 weeks: 444.90?18.03 vs 365.00?18.63; 2 months: 354.30?13.77 vs 257.00?9.60; 6 months: 365.00?15.90 vs 225.00?7.03, p<0.01). The absolute volume of lymphoid tissue was significantly higher in the ghrelin groups (5 weeks: 392.85?16.94 vs 294.48?33.37; 2 months: 309.30?12.10 vs 216.62?10.72; 6 months: 222.70?11.41 vs. 114.33?16.48, p<0.01). Ghrelin treatment restored thymic structure by increasing medullary cellularity, improving thymic medullary architecture and providing a clearer delineation between the cortex and medulla. This study shows the positive effects of centrally applied ghrelin on suppression of thymus atrophy, its weight and architecture.

scholarly journals Cell-Free DNA Plasma Levels Differ in Age-Specific Pattern in Healthy Rats and Castrates with Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Vasilyeva ◽  
V. G. Bespalov ◽  
J. D. Von ◽  
A. L. Semenov ◽  
G. V. Tochilnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats

The purpose of this work was to study changes in the level of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of young and old rats in the normal state and with induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups—young (3 months), old (20 months), intact, or with testosterone-induced BPH. Groups with BPH were subjected to surgical castration and administration of testosterone esters at a dose of 25 mg/kg for a total of 7 injections for 20 days. In intact animals, the level of cfDNA in old rats (2.00±0.14 ng/μl) was significantly higher than that in the young (1.02±0.30 ng/μl). The body and the prostate weights of old rats were 1.6 and 1.4 times larger than those of the young, without an increase in the prostate index (PI). The testosterone level in the blood of young rats was 1.6 times higher than that of old (6.20±0.93 nmol/l vs. 3.77±0.55 nmol/l; NS). In animals with BPH, the level of cfDNA in old rats (3.14±0.76 ng/μl) was significantly higher than that in young rats (0.80±0.14 ng/μl). The body and the prostate weights in old rats were 1.8 and 2.3 times larger, than those in young rats, with an increase in the PI. The level of testosterone in the blood of young (15.76±0.51 nmol/l) and old (16.99±1.1 nmol/l) rats was not significantly different. Morphological signs of BPH were observed in the prostate of both young and old rats. During the induction of BPH in the experiment, according to the level of cfDNA, cell death processes have not changed significantly in young rats but significantly increased in old rats. A similar trend was observed in the group of intact animals. The obtained data indicate that apoptosis processes are enhanced during the development of BPH despite the growth of tissues in the prostate itself.

scholarly journals Sudden decrease in physical activity evokes adipocyte hyperplasia in 70- to 77-day-old rats but not 49- to 56-day-old rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (12) ◽  
pp. R1465-R1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Company ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
Ryan G. Toedebusch ◽  
Clayton L. Cruthirds ◽  
Frank W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Tissue Characteristics ◽  
Adipocyte Hyperplasia

The cessation of physical activity in rodents and humans initiates obesogenic mechanisms. The overall purpose of the current study was to determine how the cessation of daily physical activity in rats at 49–56 days of age and at 70–77 days of age via wheel lock (WL) affects adipose tissue characteristics. Male Wistar rats began voluntary running at 28 days old and were either killed at 49–56 days old or at 70–77 days old. Two cohorts of rats always had wheel access (RUN), a second two cohorts of rats had wheel access restricted during the last 7 days (7d-WL), and a third two cohorts of rats did not have access to a voluntary running wheel after the first 6 days of (SED). We observed more robust changes with WL in the 70- to 77-day-old rats. Compared with RUN rats, 7d-WL rats exhibited greater rates of gain in fat mass and percent body fat, increased adipocyte number, higher percentage of small adipocytes, and greater cyclin A1 mRNA in epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue. In contrast, 49- to 56-day-old rats had no change in most of the same characteristics. There was no increase in inflammatory mRNA expression in either cohort with WL. These findings suggest that adipose tissue in 70- to 77-day-old rats is more protected from WL than 49- to 56-day-old rats and responds by expansion via hyperplasia.

Host age and the growth and fecundity of Hymenolepis diminuta in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Quinnell
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Crowding Effect ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats

ABSTRACTFive, 20, and 80 cysticercoid infections of Hymenolepis diminuta were established in 1-, 2- and 5-month-old male Wistar rats. Worm numbers, dry weights and egg outputs were determined on day 28 post infection. Worm recovery was found to be independent of cysticercoid dose in 1-month-old rats, but density-dependent in older rats. Density dependence affected both worm dry weight and egg production in all 3 age classes of host studied. However, at the highest dose both dry weight and egg production were significantly decreased in 2- and 5-month-old rats compared with 1-month-old rats. The results cannot be explained solely in terms of competition for a resource, and suggest that immunological mechanisms may have an important role in the “crowding effect”.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Neurologic Assessment in Recovery and Treatment Phase Acrylamide Exposure in Ageing Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
O. N. Ilochi ◽  
A. N. Chuemere
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Exposure Phase ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Acrylamide is a chemical that naturally forms in starchy food products during every day high temperature cooking. The ingredients, storage and processing conditions greatly influence acrylamide formation in food.  Home-cooking choices can have a substantial impact on the level of acrylamide humans are exposed to through the diet. This study scientifically determined the neurologic impact of acrylamide treatment and recovery in male wistar rats of different ages. A total of 20 male wistar rats were randomly sampled into 4 groups aged 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. The treatment dose was 50 mg/kg of acrylamide for 7 days. The study duration was 15 days with 2 phases; day 1 to 7 for exposure phase and day 8 to 14 as recovery phase after acrylamide exposure. Neurologic tests performed include open field test (OFT), buried reward test (BRT) and hand grip test (HGT). The study data was statistically significant at a confidence interval less or equal to 95%. Acrylamide adversely affected the tested physiologic responses in all ages during the phase of exposure. The distance covered and escape attempts were significantly reduced        in all ages during acrylamide exposure phase with significant recovery in 45 and 60 days old animals. Group 45 and 60 days old animals had a wider field area during recovery phase but no observed improvement in exploratory behavior in ages 75 and 90 days. Olfactory and neuromuscular function was significantly improved in all age groups during recovery, however, the response of ages 45, 60 and 75 were similar during recovery. In this study, Acrylamide caused manifestations typical of a neurotoxic agent. The neurologic effect of acrylamide may be reversed if exposure period with the studied dose is within 7 days. Recovery in cognitive, exploratory, emotional, olfactory and neuromuscular function may be dependent on age during exposure.

scholarly journals Effect of Resistance Exercise and Vitamin C Intake on Expression of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Telomere Repeat Binding Factor-2 Genes and the Diameter and Number of Myofibrils in Old Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-409
Author(s):  
Yousef Shirkhani ◽  
◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽  
Hassan Matinhomaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Telomere Repeat ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Difference

Objective: Cell aging is one of the most important and fundamental step in cellular behavior and reduces muscle mass and myofibrils. This study aims to investigate the effect of resistance exercise along with vitamin C consumption on the expression of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) and Telomere Repeat Binding Factor-2 (TRF2) genes and the diameter and number of skeletal muscle myofibrils in old male Wistar rats. Methods: This is an experimental study using control groups. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (280-320 g and aged 24 weeks) were randomly divided into five groups of young control, old+resistance exercise, old+vitamin intake, old+resistance exercise+vitamin intake, and old control. In the supplementation groups, rats received liposomal vitamin C daily by gavage per body weight. Weight attached to the tail gradually increased during 8 weeks of exercise (weeks 1 and 2 by 50%; weeks 3 and 4 by 50%; weeks 5 and 6 by 75%; weeks 7 and 8 by 100% of total body weight). Exercises were performed at 3-5 sets of 8-12 repetitions, 3 or 4 days a week. The Quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to evaluate the expression of TERT and TRF2 genes in muscle tissue. One-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between the groups and Tukey’s post hoc test was used to determine between which groups the difference was significant. Results: Aging significantly reduced the expression of TERT, TRF2 genes and the diameter and number of myofibrils in skeletal muscle of rats (P=0.001). Resistance exercise along with vitamin C intake had no significant effect on TERT and TRF2 expression (P≥0.05), but caused a significant increase in the diameter and number of myofibrils (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance exercise along with vitamin C supplementation can significantly increase the number and diameter of skeletal muscle myofibrils in old rats.

scholarly journals Comparison of Malated Ringer’s with Two Other Balanced Crystalloid Solutions in Resuscitation of Both Severe and Moderate Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Keitel ◽  
Bjoern Hussmann ◽  
Sven Lendemans ◽  
Herbert de Groot ◽  
Ricarda Rohrig
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Preclinical Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Crystalloid Solutions ◽  
Balanced Crystalloid

In preclinical treatment of polytraumatized patients crystalloids are preferentially used. To avoid metabolic acidosis, metabolizable anions like lactate or acetate are used to replace chloride in these solutions. We here studied the effects of malated Ringer’s in resuscitation of both shock severities in comparison to lactated and acetated Ringer’s. Male Wistar rats underwent severe (mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 25–30 mmHg) or moderate (MAP 40–45 mmHg) hemorrhagic shock. Adjacent to the shock period animals were resuscitated with acetated (AR), lactated (LR), or malated Ringer’s (MR) and observed for 150 min. MR improved survival compared with LR and AR in severe hemorrhagic shock whereas it was equally effective to LR and superior to AR in moderate hemorrhagic shock. In all other parameters tested, MR was also effective similar to the other solutions under these conditions. We conclude that MR is preferable to AR and LR in resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock independent of shock depth. The positive effects of MR may stem from the absence of any adverse impact on energy metabolism under both conditions.

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON FEEDBACK CONTROL OF LH BY TESTOSTERONE IN YOUNG ADULT AND OLD MALE RATS

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Pirke ◽  
Michael Geiss ◽  
Rainer Sintermann
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT The hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis was studied in young adult (3 month old) and old (24 to 27 month old) male Wistar rats. Plasma testosterone decreased significantly in old animals (x̄: 262 ng/100 ml (n = 35); versus x̄: 110 ng/100 ml (n = 30)). The fall in LH was less pronounced but still significant (54.5 ng LH-RP-1/ml in young versus 39.5 ng/ml in old rats). Groups of 6 to 8 animals of both ages were castrated and implanted with silastic capsules continuously releasing testosterone. The length of the capsules was directly proportional to the plasma testosterone levels achieved (range between 63 and 350 ng/100 ml). After one week young castrated rats not substituted with testosterone showed LH values three times higher (x̄: 351 ng/ml) than old rats treated in the same way (x̄ = 126 ng/ml). LH values in the animals substituted with testosterone indicate that the sensitivity of the negative testosterone-LH feedback is greatly increased in old rats. Testosterone can be depressed to 60 ng/100 ml before an increase in LH occurs. In young rats no increase in LH was observed when testosterone values were higher than 170 ng/100 ml. In the range between 170 and 100 ng/100 ml about half of the young animals reacted with increased LH secretion, while an increase was observed in all young animals when testosterone dropped below 100 ng/100 ml.

scholarly journals Correction to: The Effect of MPP+ on the Viability of Primary Cortical Astrocytes Isolated from Female and Male Wistar Rats of Different Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar ◽  
Armando Luna-López ◽  
Norma Edith López-Diazguerrero ◽  
Mina Königsberg
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cortical Astrocytes ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Redox modulating effects of grape juice during aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raushan Kumar ◽  
Sukanya Bhoumik ◽  
Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats

AbstractBackgroundPolyphenols are known because of their phytochemical constituents having antioxidative properties. In this regard, grape juice is highly enriched with polyphenolic constituents, and its supplementation has been known to improve many health and age-associated diseases and risk factors. Our study was entirely dedicated to evaluating the positive effects of grape juice on young and old rats’ erythrocytes and plasma.MethodsYoung (4 months) and old (24 months) male Wistar rats were given an oral dose of grape juice for 28 days. They were grouped into four categories (n = 6): Group I: young control rats; Group II: young grape juice treated rats; Group III: old control rats; Group IV: old treated rats. The treated groups were administered with 10 μL/g of grape juice according to body weight. The following biomarkers of antioxidant defense were measured: ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), plasma membrane redox system (PMRS), glutathione (GSH), osmotic fragility, and the decrease in lipid peroxidation measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.ResultsA significant increase (p<0.05) in antioxidant levels of FRAP, PMRS, and GSH and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in oxidized products such as ROS and MDA were seen in the treated rats in comparison to the controls. The decrease in ROS and rise in FRAP and PMRS levels suggest the ability of grape juice to combat oxidative stress effectively.ConclusionWe propose the role of grape juice as a potent antioxidant because of its easy bioavailability and its role in combating stress. Our results also approve grape juice as a possible antiaging agent.

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