scholarly journals Comparison of Malated Ringer’s with Two Other Balanced Crystalloid Solutions in Resuscitation of Both Severe and Moderate Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Keitel ◽  
Bjoern Hussmann ◽  
Sven Lendemans ◽  
Herbert de Groot ◽  
Ricarda Rohrig
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Preclinical Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Crystalloid Solutions ◽  
Balanced Crystalloid

In preclinical treatment of polytraumatized patients crystalloids are preferentially used. To avoid metabolic acidosis, metabolizable anions like lactate or acetate are used to replace chloride in these solutions. We here studied the effects of malated Ringer’s in resuscitation of both shock severities in comparison to lactated and acetated Ringer’s. Male Wistar rats underwent severe (mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 25–30 mmHg) or moderate (MAP 40–45 mmHg) hemorrhagic shock. Adjacent to the shock period animals were resuscitated with acetated (AR), lactated (LR), or malated Ringer’s (MR) and observed for 150 min. MR improved survival compared with LR and AR in severe hemorrhagic shock whereas it was equally effective to LR and superior to AR in moderate hemorrhagic shock. In all other parameters tested, MR was also effective similar to the other solutions under these conditions. We conclude that MR is preferable to AR and LR in resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock independent of shock depth. The positive effects of MR may stem from the absence of any adverse impact on energy metabolism under both conditions.

scholarly journals Comparative study of suture and cyanoacrylates in skin closure of rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Cilindro de Souza ◽  
Washington Luiz de Oliveira ◽  
Dario Fernando de Oliveira Santos Soares ◽  
Carlos Henrique Briglia ◽  
Paulo Roberto Athanázio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skin Closure ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Tissue Adhesives ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Foreign Substance ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethyl Cyanoacrylate

PURPOSE: To compare the biocompatibility of ethyl-cyanoacrylate (ECA) and octylcyanoacrylate (OCA) wound closures to sutures in rat skin. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were subjected to three incisions which were closed using ECA, OCA or sutures . Rats were divided into four groups which received biopsies on the 3rd, 7th, 14th or 21st post-operative days. Necrosis, inflammation, dermatitis, infection, dehiscence, cicatricial enlargement and costs were examined; the histopathology evaluated was epithelialization, deep openings, foreign substance reaction, residues of synthesis material, fibrosis, inflammation, dehiscence and necrosis. RESULTS: The tissue adhesives presented the largest dehiscence levels, and ECA the lowest cost while the other measures were similar. Regarding histopathology, deep openings were more common with OCA and granulomas were most frequently obtained with ECA. The two tissue adhesives produces less inflammation than the inicial suture from post-operative day 7, while ECA and OCA cause similar inflammatory reactions. ECA did not differ significantly from OCA and sutures on other measures. CONCLUSION: ECA was well tolerated in this study and did not induce necrosis, allergic reactions or infections, presenting several advantages in relation to OCA and sutures, including lower costs and fewer complications.

Role of AVP in maintenance of circulatory homeostasis during hemorrhagic shock

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. H174-H179 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hock ◽  
J. Y. Su ◽  
A. M. Lefer
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Neurohypophyseal Hormone ◽  
Specific Antagonist ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Artery Flow

Hemorrhagic hypotension produces significantly increased plasma arginine vasopression (AVP) concentrations. We have utilized a specific antagonist (AVP-A) of the pressor effects of endogenous AVP to investigate the role of this neurohypophyseal hormone on the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic shock. Infusion of the AVP-A (2 micrograms/kg bolus + 2 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1 infusion) into sham-shocked animals produced no significant changes in any of the observed experimental variables. Cats subjected to hemorrhagic shock given AVP-A had final superior mesenteric artery flow (SMAF) values significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than shock cats given vehicle (7.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.8 ml X kg-1 X min-1, respectively). Increases in postreinfusion plasma cathepsin D activities were significantly blunted in hemorrhaged animals treated with AVP-A (10.4 +/- 2.0 vs. 24.8 +/- 5.5 U/mg protein; P less than 0.05). Plasma proteolysis as well as the plasma accumulation of myocardial depressant factor (MDF) were also significantly modulated by AVP-A treatment in hemorrhaged animals. MDF activities were 75 +/- 6 and 53 +/- 4 U/ml (P less than 0.02) for shock cats given vehicle or AVP-A, respectively. However, these beneficial actions were not reflected in any significant improvement in postreinfusion mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). These findings suggest that endogenous AVP functions not only as a potent splanchnic vasoconstrictor but also as a key humoral factor in the maintenance of postreinfusion MABP, a profile that is different from the role of angiotensin II, the other major splanchnic vasoconstrictor, in shock.

scholarly journals Effect of single clove garlic on clinical symptoms of photoaging in wistar rats exposed with UV-B

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Nyoman Pratiwi Hapsari Dewi ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanti ◽  
I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana ◽  
Ni Made Linawati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptom ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Photoaging is a premature aging that occurs on skin due to the ultraviolet light exposure that causes the emergence of clinical symptoms, one of which is wrinkle. One kind of material that can prevent photoaging is antioxidant. A single clove garlic has the highest antioxidant activity compared to the other materials. Aim: This research aimed at investigating the effectivity of single clove garlic in inhibiting the clinical symptom of photoaging. Method: This research was an experimental research, utilizing pre-post-test control group design. The used sample were 30 male wistar rats which were divided into 6 experimental groups. All groups were exposed to UV-B light with the amount of 840 mJ/cm2. Control group (P1) was only exposed to UV-B while the other groups were treated with placebo cream (P2), sunblock (P3), 5% garlic cream (P4), 10% garlic cream (P5) and 20% garlic cream (P6) respectively. The clinical symptom in the form of wrinkle was observed by using dermascope and the observations were categorized based on Glogau Scale. The statistical analysis utilized Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis test which was followed by Mann Whitney test. Result: The result of the research showed that there was significant difference on the apparent wrinkle on P1 group and P3, P5 and P6. Meanwhile the comparison between P1, P2 and P4 was not significant. Conclusion: The single clove garlic extract can prevent photoaging and has the similar protective effect for the skin as of sunblock.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHRONIC RENAL DYSFUNCTION ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE COLON TO WATER AND ELECTROLYTES: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elionai Gomes FREIRE ◽  
José Cirlânio Sousa ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
Israel Pinto LEAL ◽  
Nayara Alves SOUSA ◽  
José Ronaldo Vasconcelos da GRAÇA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Progression Of Renal Failure ◽  
Colonic Secretion ◽  
Secretory Capacity

ABSTRACT Background: Renal insufficiency is a disease that affects several organs by provoking hypervolemia and uremia. The disease reaches more than 500 million people worldwide and few studies bring their influence on the gastrointestinal tract. Aim: To evaluate the influence of 5/6 nephrectomy-induced hypervolemia on colonic permeability to water and electrolytes. Method: Sixty male Wistar rats weighing between 280-300 g were divided into three groups: 3, 7 and 14 days after nephrectomy, each one having a false-operated/control and partially nephrectomized. For colonic permeability they were submitted to colonic perfusion with a solution of Tyroad containing phenolphthalein. Differences among the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- were used to calculate the rate of colonic permeability for the electrolytes. Phenolphthalein concentrations were used to evaluate the rate of secretion and water absorption. Results: The colonic secretion of water and electrolytes occurred expressively in the group seven days after nephrectomy. Hemodynamic and biochemical assessments determined the progression of renal failure in all three groups and polyethylene glycol was shown to be effective in reversing the secretory capacity of the colon. Conclusion: Hypervolemia established after 7 days post-nephrectomy 5/6 caused marked colonic secretion for water and electrolytes. The organism presents progressive colonic secretion as the blood volume increases; on the other hand, polyethylene glycol was able to revert this secretory framework of the colon to water and electrolytes by reversing the hypervolemia.

scholarly journals L-Malate’s Plasma and Excretion Profile in the Treatment of Moderate and Severe Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra N. Waack ◽  
Stephan Himmen ◽  
Friederike Mueller ◽  
Ricarda Rohrig ◽  
Friederike Roehrborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Crystalloid Solution ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Plasma Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urinary Citrate ◽  
Observation Period

Introduction. Malate is a standard component in fluid therapy within a wide range of medical applications. To date, there are insufficient data regarding its plasma distribution, renal excretion, and metabolism after infusion. This study aimed to investigate these three aspects in a rat model of moderate and severe hemorrhagic shock (HS).Methods. Male Wistar rats were subjected to HS by dropping the mean arterial blood pressure to 25–30 mmHg (severe) and 40–45 mmHg (moderate), respectively, for 60 minutes. Subsequently, reperfusion with Ringer-saline or a malate containing crystalloid solution (7 mM, 13.6 mM, and 21 mM, resp.) was performed within 30 minutes, followed by an observation period of 150 minutes.Results. In the present experiments, malate rapidly disappeared from the blood, while only 5% of the infused malate was renally excreted. In the resuscitation interval the urinary citrate and succinate amounts significantly increased compared to control.Conclusion. Malate’s half-life is between 30 and 60 minutes in both, moderate and severe HS. Thus, even under traumatic conditions malate seems to be subjected to rapid metabolism with participation of the kidneys.

scholarly journals Effect of static magnetic field on experimental dermal wound strength

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Ekici ◽  
Cem Aydogan ◽  
Cenk Balcik ◽  
Nihan Haberal ◽  
Mahir Kirnap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cutaneous Wound Healing ◽  
Static Magnetic Fields ◽  
Cutaneous Wound ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dermal Wound

ABSTRACT Context: An animal model. Aim: We sought to evaluate the effect of static magnetic fields on cutaneous wound healing. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were used. Wounds were created on the backs of all rats. Forty of these animals (M group) had NeFeB magnets placed in contact with the incisions, either parallel (Pa) and perpendicular (Pr) to the incision. The other 40 animals (sham [S] group) had nonmagnetized NeFeB bars placed in the same directions as the implanted animals. Half of the animals in each group were killed and assessed for healing on postoperative day 7 and the other half on postoperative day 14. The following assessments were done: gross healing, mechanical strength, and histopathology. Statistical Analysis Used: Intergroup differences were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U or t test. Values for P less than 0.05 were accepted as significant. Results and Conclusions: There were no differences between the magnetic and sham animals with respect to gross healing parameters. The mechanical strength was different between groups. On postoperative day 14, the MPr14 had significantly higher scores than the other groups. When static, high-power, magnetic fields are placed perpendicular to the wound, increased wound healing occurs in the skin of the experimental model.

Reduction of blood flow in the adenohypophysis of rats by bromocriptine

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras A. Kemeny ◽  
Jan A. Jakubowski ◽  
Emil Pasztor ◽  
Anthony A. Jefferson ◽  
Richard Wojcikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Selective Effect ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrogen Clearance ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The possibility that bromocriptine has a selective effect on blood flow in the adenohypophysis was examined in rats. Twenty-four anesthetized male Wistar rats underwent measurement of blood flow using the hydrogen clearance method. Intravenous injection of 50 µg/kg bromocriptine reduced the blood flow in both the medial and lateral parts of the adenohypophysis to about 70% of the baseline value. Simultaneously measured cerebral cortical and white matter flows were unchanged. Similar results were obtained following administration of a higher dose (500 µg/kg) of bromocriptine. This phenomenon cannot be attributed to the decrease in blood pressure. The course of change in blood flow in the medial and lateral adenohypophysis did not follow that of the mean arterial blood pressure, and the alteration of blood pressure remained within the limits of autoregulation in the adenohypophysis. The results indicate that bromocriptine is capable of reducing blood flow selectively in the pituitary region. This mechanism may contribute to the clinical usefulness of this drug.

Cyproheptadine prevents pergolide-induced valvulopathy in rats: an echocardiographic and histopathological study

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. H1940-H1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Droogmans ◽  
Bram Roosens ◽  
Bernard Cosyns ◽  
Céline Degaillier ◽  
Sophie Hernot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Serotonergic Drugs

Serotonergic drugs, such as pergolide, have been associated with the development of cardiac valvular myxoid thickening and regurgitation in humans and more recently in rats. These effects are potentially mediated by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2B receptor (5-HT2BR). Therefore, we sought to determine whether cyproheptadine, a 5-HT2BR antagonist, might prevent toxic valvulopathy in an animal model of pergolide-induced valvular heart disease. For this purpose, 50 male Wistar rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of pergolide (0.5 mg/kg, n = 14), pergolide (0.5 mg/kg) combined with cyproheptadine (10 mg/kg, n = 12), cyproheptadine (10 mg/kg, n = 12), or no injections (control, n = 12) for 20 wk. Echocardiography was performed blindly at baseline and at 10 and 20 wk followed by pathology. At baseline, no differences between groups were found with echocardiography. At 20 wk, aortic regurgitation was present in all pergolide-treated animals, whereas it was less frequently observed in the other groups ( P < 0.0001). For the other valves, this difference was less pronounced. On histopathology, not only aortic but also mitral valves were thicker, myxoid, and exhibited more 5-HT2BR-positive cells in pergolide-treated animals compared with the other groups. Moreover, regurgitant aortic and mitral valves were thicker than nonregurgitant aortic and mitral valves. In conclusion, we found that cyproheptadine prevented pergolide-induced valvulopathy in rats, which was associated with a reduced number of 5-HT2BR-positive valvular cells. This may have important clinical implications for the prevention of serotonergic drug-induced valvular heart disease.

scholarly journals Effects of water deprivation on renal hydroelectrolytic excretion in chronically Trypanosoma cruzi-infected rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T. Rosa ◽  
L.F. Junqueira Junior ◽  
F.J.C. Mangia ◽  
J.P.R. Veiga ◽  
F.V. Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Age And Sex

The effect of an 8 hour-period of water deprivation on fluid and electrolyte renal excretion was investigated in male Wistar rats infected with the strain São Felipe (12SF) of Trypanosoma cruzi, in comparison with age and sex matched non-infected controls. The median percent reductions in the urinary flow (-40% v -63%) and excretion ofsodium (-57% v-79%) were smaller in chagasic than in control rats, respectively. So, chagasic rats excreted more than controls. On the other hand, the median percent decrement in the clearance of creatinine was higher in chagasic (-51%) than in controls (-39%). Thus, chagasic rats showed some disturbed renal hydroelectrolytic responses to water deprivation, expressed by smaller conservation, or higher excretion of water and sodium in association with smaller glomerularfiltration rate. This fact denoted an elevation in the fractional excretion of sodium and water.

GABAergic effects on the depressor responses elicited by stimulation of central nucleus of the amygdala

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. H242-H247 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ciriello ◽  
Stefanie Roder
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stimulation Of

GABAergic inputs have been demonstrated in the central nucleus of the amygdala (ACe). However, the contribution of these inhibitory inputs to the cardiovascular responses elicited from the ACe is not known. Experiments were done in chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated male Wistar rats to investigate the effects of microinjections of GABA, the selective GABAA-receptor antagonist bicuculline, or the GABAB-receptor antagonist phaclofen, in the ACe on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) responses elicited byl-glutamate (Glu) stimulation of the ACe. Microinjections of Glu in the ACe elicited decreases in MAP (−13.7 ± 1.6 mmHg) and HR (−5.3 ± 1.9 beats/min). The MAP and HR responses elicited by Glu stimulation of the ACe were significantly reduced (89%) by the prior microinjection of GABA in the same ACe site. In addition, at some sites in the ACe at which microinjection of Glu did not elicit depressor responses, Glu injections in the presence of phaclofen elicited decreases in MAP (−9.5 ± 1.0 mmHg) and variable changes in HR. On the other hand, the magnitude of the depressor responses elicited during stimulation of the ACe site in the presence of bicuculline was significantly attenuated (60%), whereas phaclofen had no effect on the magnitude of the depressor responses elicited by Glu stimulation of the ACe. These data suggest that GABAergic mechanisms in the ACe alter the excitability of ACe neurons involved in mediating changes in systemic arterial pressure and HR.

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