scholarly journals Effects of different insecticides on the antioxidative defense system of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Franeta ◽  
Dejan Mircic ◽  
Dajana Todorovic ◽  
Zeljko Milovac ◽  
Nihat Granica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Antioxidative Defense System ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is one of the most important insect pests of maize, and has a significant impact on the production of this crop. In this work, we examined the effects of different insecticides on the antioxidative defense system of O. nubilalis larvae. The experimental setup consisted of a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Four experimental groups were formed as follows: control (C), indoxacarb (250 mL ha-1), chlorantraniliprole (100 mL ha-1) and the chlorantraniliprole+lambda cyhalothrin (200 mL ha-1) group. Larvae from maize stems were collected 20 days after insecticide application and the whole larvae were homogenized. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the total amount of free SH groups were assessed. Comparison of the experimental groups showed that indoxacarb significantly affected the activities of GST, GPx and the total amount of free SH groups, while chlorantraniliprole significantly affected the activities of SOD, CAT, GST and the total amount of free SH groups, while chlorantraniliprole+lambda cyhalothrin significantly affected the activities of CAT, GST and the total amount of free SH groups. The results show that exposure to insecticides considerably affects the antioxidative defense components of the European corn borer larvae, especially chlorantraniliprole (T2).

scholarly journals The effect of knockdown of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 on glucose and lipid metabolism in human hepatoblastoma cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764
Author(s):  
Tianfei Yu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Huiying Dong ◽  
Pengyu Xie ◽  
Wanzhu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is one of the most important insect pests of maize, and has a significant impact on the production of this crop. In this work, we examined the effects of different insecticides on the antioxidative defense system of O. nubilalis larvae. The experimental setup consisted of a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Four experimental groups were formed as follows: control (C), indoxacarb (250 mL ha-1), chlorantraniliprole (100 mL ha-1) and the chlorantraniliprole+lambda cyhalothrin (200 mL ha-1) group. Larvae from maize stems were collected 20 days after insecticide application and the whole larvae were homogenized. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the total amount of free SH groups were assessed. Comparison of the experimental groups showed that indoxacarb significantly affected the activities of GST, GPx and the total amount of free SH groups, while chlorantraniliprole significantly affected the activities of SOD, CAT, GST and the total amount of free SH groups, while chlorantraniliprole+lambda cyhalothrin significantly affected the activities of CAT, GST and the total amount of free SH groups. The results show that exposure to insecticides considerably affects the antioxidative defense components of the European corn borer larvae, especially chlorantraniliprole (T2).

Appearance of microfungi in maize stalks due to injuries caused by the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
F. Pál-Fám ◽  
Z. Varga ◽  
S. Keszthelyi
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mitosporic Fungi ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Maize Stalks

A better understanding of the relationships between insects and microfungi could help to identify the unknown factors reducing yields in maize. As the first step in current research, the aim was to isolate the microfungal species that can be found in the larval cavity of the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. Lepidoptera. Pyraustidae ) (ECB), one of the most important insect pests of maize. In this way, the scale of potential phytopathogens spread by intermediate hosts could be reduced.Fifty stalk sections damaged by ECB larvae were collected in autumn and fifty in spring on a 20-hectare plot in Ráksi (Somogy county). These were placed in wet chambers and incubated at room temperature under natural light. Identification was done from a pure culture inoculated into potato dextrose agar. Twenty-one species from 14 fungus genera were identified, the majority of which were mitosporic fungi. Species belonging to the Fusarium, Acremoniella and Cladosporium genera were predominant. Most of the species were saprotrophic, though some phytopathogenic species ( Gibberella, Colletotrichum, Nigrospora and Fusarium ) were also identified. The number of genera and the incidence of fungi were much higher in spring samples than in autumn ones, except for Fusarium , where incidence was lower in spring. It was found that failing to harvest the maize significantly enhanced the spread of several fungus species, especially phytopathogenic species, the following year, thereby serving as a source of infection.

Enhancement of Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Against Four Lepidopterous Insect Pests by Nutrient-Based Phagostimulants1

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Farrar ◽  
Richard L. Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Whole Plants

To help improve control of insect pests with microbial insecticides, we investigated the interactions of four commercial, nutrient-based phagostimulants (Pheast [AgriSense], Coax [CCT Corp.], Gusto [Atochem North America, Inc.], and Entice [Custom Chemicides] with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and four lepidopterous insect pests (gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar [L.] [Lymantriidae]; corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea [Boddie] [Noctuidae]; European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis [Hübner] [Pyralidae]; and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella [L.] [Plutellidae]). Comparisons were made of treated foliage in Petri dishes in the laboratory and of sprayed whole plants in a greenhouse. In general, phagostimulants increased mortality of all species tested, but no consistent differences among phagostimulants were found for any species. Food consumption was generally lower on the treatments that contained phagostimulants causing the highest rates of mortality, possibly as a result of more rapid ingestion of a lethal dose on these treatments. Reduced rates of feeding by insects on treatments with B. thuringiensis alone were seen, probably due in part to intoxication and, possibly, to behavioral effects as well. Indications of potentially significant interactions between host plants and both B. thuringiensis and phagostimulants also were seen.

scholarly journals Effects of insecticides used against the European corn borer on thrips abundance on maize

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bereś Paweł Krystian ◽  
Kucharczyk Halina ◽  
Górski Dariusz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Active Substances

The effect of a single chemical treatment against Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.) on thrips abundance on maize in south-eastern Poland was evaluated. Two insecticides: Karate Zeon 050 CS, containing lambda-cyhalothrin, and Proteus 110 OD, containing thiacloprid with deltamethrin, were tested. Maize was sprayed in the second ten days of July, during the abundant occurrence of O. nubilalis larvae, which coincided with the population peak of thrips on plants. The tested active substances showed high effectiveness against thrips, but a better effect, reflected in a decrease in thrips abundance, was found for the mixture of thiacloprid with deltamethrin. The tested insecticides significantly reduced the population of thrips for up to 14 days after treatment.

Integration of Trichogramma ostriniae releases and habitat modification for suppression of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) in bell peppers

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Russell ◽  
Ric Bessin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Nectar Source

AbstractA two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen (T.o.) releases in combination with habitat modification, to enhance biological control of European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, the key pest of bell peppers in Kentucky. A randomized block design with a split-plot treatment arrangement was used in both years. Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculetum Moench, was inter-planted as a nectar source for the wasps and as an attractant for ECB natural enemies. Sentinel ECB egg masses were placed in each subplot to monitor establishment and dispersal of T. ostriniae within and between plots. Fruit were harvested at maturity, graded according to USDA standards, inspected for insect damage, and dissected to confirm ECB presence when evidence of entry was suspected, to determine percentage of infested fruits. Percent ECB infested fruit was reduced in plots with wasp releases and in plots with buckwheat inter-planted. The interaction of habitat modification and wasp releases significantly reduced pepper damage as a result of the synergy between tactics. Percentage of T. ostriniae parasitized sentinel eggs was significantly higher in wasp release plots compared to non-release plots. T. ostriniae releases used in conjunction with habitat modification for ECB control in bell peppers appears to be a promising alternative to traditional insecticide-based strategies for small-acreage and organic farms. This study displays an example system utilizing conservation biological control at a landscape level for pest suppression.

Dynamics of Nosema pyrausta in natural populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis: A six-year study

BioControl ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Lewis ◽  
Douglas V. Sumerford ◽  
Lori A. Bing ◽  
Robert D. Gunnarson
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Corn Borer
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