scholarly journals Influence of acorn size on morphological characteristics of one-year-old Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1360
Author(s):  
Vladan Popovic ◽  
Aleksandar Lucic ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Tatjana Cirkovic-Mitrovic ◽  
Ljiljana Brasanac-Bosanac
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Acorn Size ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oak Seedlings

The aim of this research was to examine the influence of acorn size on morphological characteristics of one-year-old Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. The quality of seedlings correlates with the quality of the seed they are derived from. In species with large seeds, as in the case of Northern red oak, the seedling growth in the first growing season is closely related to seed size or the amount of reserve nutrients that are stored in the seed. The height and root collar diameter of one-year-old Northern red oak seedlings increases with increase in acorn size. The results obtained in this research can be used as a guideline for acorn grading, because they show that improved Northern red oak seedlings quality can be achieved using seeds of appropriate size.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing pattern and density on the quality of one-year-old Austrian pine bareroot seedlings

REFORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Jovana Devetaković ◽  
◽  
Lučian Krinulović ◽  
Ivona Kerkez Janković
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar

Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are frequently used for afforestation/reforestation and restoration practice in Serbia. Indeed, the seedlings of various stock types are produced by almost all forest nurseries in Serbia and bareroot seedlings are mostly common. The aim of this study is to analyze the method of sowing and sowing density on some morphological characteristics and quality of one-year-old Austrian pine seedlings. Sowing in rows and random sowing across all seedbed space were performed. In both cases, the sowing density (R1 - 8 g m-1, R2 - 40 g m-2) and half of the recommended sowing density (S1 - 4 g m-1, S2 - 20 g m-2) were applied. Seedlings from both treatments had average height and root collar diameter values in the range of 4.91 to 5.73 cm, and 1.25 to 2.34 mm, respectively. Observed characteristics of seedlings (height - H, root collar diameter - RCD, root length - RL, dry weight of shoot - SDW, root - RDW and seedlings - SLDW, sturdiness coefficient - SQ and quality index - QI) were conditioned by treatment (One-Way ANOVA, p<0.05). Shoot to root ration was similar at seedlings of all treatments and ranged from 1.33 to 1.63. In both cases, decreased density produced better results. The combination of lower sowing density (20 g m-2) and sowing in all seedbed areas (S2) provided the best seedlings with QI - 0.21.

scholarly journals Height growth characteristics of one-year-old northern red oak seedlings (Quercus rubra L.) in full light conditions

REFORESTA ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Nikola Šušić ◽  
◽  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Ivona Kerkez ◽  
Andrijana Bauer Živković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Effects of acorn size and mass on seedling quality of northern red oak (Quercus rubra)

New Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy L. Clark ◽  
Scott E. Schlarbaum
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Acorn Size

scholarly journals Variability of some morphological traits of one-year old red oak, black walnut, birch and wild pear seedlings in the nurseries of Jastrebac region

2002 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Milun Krstic ◽  
Nevena Vojinovic
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Five morphological and quantitative characteristics of one-year old seedlings of Red oak (Quercus rubra L), Black walnut (Juglans nigra L), Wild pear (Pyrus pygrowser Borkh) and Birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh) were studied. The seedlings were produced and cultivated in the controlled conditions of the nursery in the region of Jastrebac, by the classical method. Aboveground seedling height, root collar diameter, root length, number of secondary roots and the leaf assimilation area were analysed. Intraspecific and interspecific variability of morphological features of the above species were assessed by the comparative analysis and statistical methods The comparative analysis shows the great individual variability of seedlings, which can indicate their genetic potential, adaptation to environment conditions, further spontaneous selection and the development in natural conditions. This justifies the need of the quality assessment and the first selection already in the nursery, in order to ensure the quality planting material and to reduce the risk of afforestation failure One-year old birch seedlings have the lowest average height (18.8 cm). Black walnut and Wild pear seedlings are approximately twice as high, and Red oak about 2.5 times higher. At the same time Red oak seedlings have for about one-fourth greater height than Black walnut, and for one-third greater height than Wild pear. Wild pear seedlings attain the averagely twice larger root collar diameter than Birch (2.8 cm), Red oak seedlings about 2.5 times larger diameter, and Black walnut 3.5 times larger diameter. Black walnut has a larger root collar diameter than Red oak for about one third, and almost twice larger than Wild pear. Birch, Red oak and Wild pear have almost twice longer root (1.8-1.9 times), Black walnut about 2.25 times longer. The total assimilation area of a Birch seedling is averagely 89.0 cm2. Compared to birch, wild pear has approximately double assimilation area per tree, Red oak 10 times larger, Black walnut even 14 times larger assimilation area The analysis of variance shows that the experiment is homogeneous in general, i.e. that variance within the group of the same species per all characteristics is not statistically significant at the level p>0.01. The statistically significant difference was found in the attained heights of one-year old seedlings of Red oak and Birch, as well as between them and other species, while there is no difference between Black walnut and Wild pear. All analysed species differ significantly in root collar diameter of one-year old seedlings. Black walnut and Birch differ significantly in root length, and also compared to other species. There are no statistically significant differences in root length between Red oak and Wild pear. All the analysed species differ statistically significantly per total assimilation area of one seedling .

scholarly journals Auger Planting of Oak Seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Eric Heitzman ◽  
Adrian Grell
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract In 2001, we used power augers to plant 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) seedlings in stony soils in Arkansas. After two growing seasons, red oak and white oak survival was 86% and 91%, respectively. Both species had only grown an average of 1 ft in height in 2 yr. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):92–93.

Growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of container-grown red oak seedlings as a function of nitrogen fertilization and inoculum type of Laccariabicolor

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gagnon ◽  
C. G. Langlois ◽  
J. Garbaye
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
N Level ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Mycelial Suspension ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Containerized red oak (Quercusrubra L.) seedlings were inoculated at the time of sowing with Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton using two methods to compare the efficiency of two inoculum types: a mycelial suspension (Ecot-Sol®101) produced by Rhizotec Laboratories Inc. and calcium alginate beads containing this mycelial suspension. Red oak seedlings were also grown for 19 weeks in a peat moss – vermiculite substrate under three levels of N fertilization (100, 120, and 140 mg/seedling per season) to determine the N level that maximizes the ectomycorrhizae formation and growth of seedlings. After 19 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with liquid inoculum had significantly more mycorrhizae than both those inoculated with beads and controls, regardless of the N level. For any of the N levels, liquid-inoculated seedlings had significantly lower shoot height, root-collar diameter, and dry weights (shoot, root, and total) than both those inoculated with beads and the controls, whereas there were no significant differences for any growth parameters between the bead and control treatments. For the three inoculum treatments, root and total dry weights of seedlings fertilized with 100 mg N were significantly lower than those of seedlings that received both 120 and 140 mg N, whereas shoot height, root-collar diameter, and shoot:root ratio of seedlings did not differ significantly between any of the three N levels. After 19 weeks, seedlings inoculated with liquid inoculum had significantly greater N and P concentrations (%) and contents (mg/seedling) than those inoculated with beads only at the 140 mg N level. Analyses show that seedling concentrations of 1.2% N and 0.1% P and substrate fertility of 25 ppm N and 30 ppm P would be appropriate to maintain the ectomycorrhizal association Q. rubra – L. bicolor.

scholarly journals Analysis of morphological quality parameters of oneyear old bare root sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) seedlings

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Vladan Popović ◽  
Aleksandar Lučić ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Ivona Kerkez-Janković
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar

The paper analyzes the morphological quality parameters of one-year-old sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) seedlings and their interrelations. Based on the performed analyzes, it was determined which of the measured morphological parameters, with minimal time and resources spent, gives the most accurate estimate of the quality of one-year old seedlings. For the conducted research, seedlings were produced in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry in Belgrade, in uniform environmental conditions from seed collected in seed stand RS-2-2-qpe-22-169. The seedlings were produced in the same nursery seedbed, and the sample for analysis was taken by dividing the seedbed into four sections and taking 30 seedlings from each section by random sampling. The following morphological parameters were measured: root collar diameter, height of seedlings, weight of above and underground part of seedling in absolutely dry condition and root volume. Based on the measured values, height ratios were calculated as follows: height:root collar diameter, weight of aboveground part of seedling: weight of underground part of seedling, and quality index. The height of the seedlings and root collar diameter are good indicators of quality, which is confirmed by the positive correlative relationships with other measured morphological parameters. A stronger dependence has been found in the root collar diameter, especially with the quality index, so it can be recommended as a good indicator of the quality of the one-year old sessile oak seedlings. The quality index has been confirmed as the most comprehensive morphological indicator of the seedling quality.

Callus formation and bark moisture as potential physical defenses of northern red oak, Quercus rubra, against red oak borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K. Fierke ◽  
Fred M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Class I ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Physical Defenses ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe red oak borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman), is a native wood-boring beetle implicated as a major contributor to recent high levels of oak mortality in northern Arkansas. Northern red oaks, Quercus rubra L. (Fagaceae), were grouped into three classes of red oak borer infestation history based on crown condition and basal red oak borer emergence holes: class I (low infestation), class II (moderate infestation), and class III (high infestation). In 2004 and 2005, trees from each class were mechanically wounded and callus formation was measured after one year. Class I trees exhibited significantly greater callus formation than class III trees in both years. Monthly measurements in spring and summer of 2006 indicated significant differences in callus formation among classes, with class I trees healing over significantly earlier. Moisture was measured in bark samples removed 1 week and 4 weeks after initiation of three treatments: control, mechanical wounding, and artificial insertion of larvae. Moisture levels did not vary among infestation classes or treatments. This research indicates that bark moisture is likely not a defense against red oak borer, but that callus overgrowth may be a defense early in the second year of the life cycle in healthy trees.

Responses of northern red oak seedlings to lime and deer exclosure fencing in Pennsylvania

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Long ◽  
Patrick H. Brose ◽  
Stephen B. Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Deer Browsing ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Forest Liming ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Wire Fence ◽  
Root Collar

In Pennsylvania, two hypotheses compete to explain the chronic oak ( Quercus spp.) regeneration problem: excessive deer browsing and soil cation depletion. We tested these hypotheses by evaluating the effect of forest liming and deer exclosure fencing on northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) seedling growth and nutrition in five oak shelterwood stands in Pennsylvania over 6 years. In each stand, four planting plots were located inside a 2.4 m high woven wire fence and another four were established outside the fence. About 225 northern red oak acorns were planted in each plot in spring 2004. Dolomitic limestone was applied to randomly selected plots at rates of 0, 4.5, 9.0, and 13.5 Mg·ha–1 during May 2004. There were no statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) growth responses to lime applications. The only significant growth responses resulted from the fence versus no-fence treatment. A significant (P < 0.003) fence × year interaction for seedling height and root collar diameter indicates differential impacts of deer browsing. By 2009, seedlings inside fences averaged 32 cm tall, while seedlings outside the fences averaged 17 cm. Similarly, root collar diameter averaged 6.6 mm outside the fences and 9.1 mm inside fences.

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