scholarly journals Effect of cytokinins on shoot apical meristem in Nicotiana tabacum

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Uzelac ◽  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Dragana Stojicic ◽  
Snezana Budimir
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Exogenous Cytokinin

Cytokinins are involved in plant cell proliferation leading to plant growth and morphogenesis. The size, activity and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are defined by a balanced rate of mitotic cell divisions and functional cell differentiation that are controlled by cytokinins. In order to investigate the effect of exogenous cytokinin on SAM, morpho-anatomical changes in the shoot apices of tobacco treated with benzyladenine (BA) were compared to those of untreated control plants.

Cell Differentiation and Organ Initiation at the Shoot Apical Meristem

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Carraro ◽  
Alexis Peaucelle ◽  
Patrick Laufs ◽  
Jan Traas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem

scholarly journals Global Topological Order Emerges through Local Mechanical Control of Cell Divisions in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Cell Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D.B. Jackson ◽  
Salva Duran-Nebreda ◽  
Daniel Kierzkowski ◽  
Soeren Strauss ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Topological Order ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Cell Divisions

scholarly journals Plastid Osmotic Stress influences cell differentiation at the Plant Shoot Apex

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Wilson ◽  
Matthew Mixdorf ◽  
R. Howard Berg ◽  
Elizabeth S. Haswell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Cell Identity ◽  
Callus Production ◽  
Stress Influences

ABSTRACTThe balance between proliferation and differentiation in the plant shoot apical meristem is controlled by regulatory loops involving the phytohormone cytokinin and stem cell identity genes. Concurrently, cellular differentiation in the developing shoot is coordinated with the environmental and developmental status of plastids within those cells. Here we employ an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant exhibiting constitutive plastid osmotic stress to investigate the molecular and genetic pathways connecting plastid osmotic stress with cell differentiation at the shoot apex. msl2 msl3 mutants exhibit dramatically enlarged and deformed plastids in the shoot apical meristem, and develop a mass of callus tissue at the shoot apex. Callus production in this mutant requires the cytokinin receptor AHK2 and is characterized by increased cytokinin levels, down-regulation of cytokinin signaling inhibitors ARR7 and ARR15, and induction of the stem cell identity gene WUSCHEL. Furthermore, plastid stress-induced apical callus production requires elevated plastidic ROS, ABA biosynthesis, the retrograde signaling protein GUN1, and ABI4. These results are consistent with a model wherein the cytokinin/WUS pathway and retrograde signaling control cell differentiation at the shoot apex.SUMMARY STATEMENTPlastid osmotic stress influences differentiation at the plant shoot apex. Two established mechanisms that control proliferation, the cytokinin/WUSCHEL stem cell identity loop and a plastid-to-nucleus signaling pathway, are implicated.

Cell proliferation patterns at the shoot apical meristem

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Traas ◽  
Isabelle Bohn-Courseau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem

scholarly journals Roles of plant growth regulators on flowering of rose (Rosa hybrida L.’Red Rose’)

2021 ◽  
Vol 947 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
Linh Tran Minh Hong ◽  
Tu Cam Trinh ◽  
Viet Trang Bui ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Meristem Cell

Abstract Rose is the most popular ornamental flower all over the world, which is used as garden plants and cut flowers. In the case of Rosa hybrida L. ’Red Rose’, flowering provides the major developmental transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage, and reproduction is one of the most important phases in an organism’s life cycle. In this study, the morphological and physiological changes during the flower development of rose, which is planted in the garden, and roles of plant growth regulators on the flowering of in vitro vegetative shoots of rose were analyzed. The development of a flower includes three stages: the shoot apical meristem, floral meristem, floral bud. Levels of cytokinin, auxins, and gibberellins increased in the transition of meristem from the shoot apical meristem to the floral meristem stage. Plant growth regulators have important effects on the shoot apical meristem cell division and flowering. The combination of 0.5 mg.L−1 GA3, 0.1 mg.L−1 NAA, 2.5 or 3.0 mg.L−1 BA to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium induces the floral transition of the in vitro vegetative shoots with the highest percentage (41%) as well as growth and development in comparison to the other treatments after 10 weeks. Then, the in vitro floral meristem continuously developed into a flower bud after 12 weeks.

scholarly journals Effect of plant growth regulators and explants on callus induction and study of antioxidant potentials and phenolic metabolites in Salvia tebesana Bunge

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Hemmati ◽  
Monireh Cheniany ◽  
Ali Ganjeali
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scale Production

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus induction in Salvia tebesana explants grown in vitro and to evaluate the content of secondary phenolic compounds and their antioxidant potential. The explants (shoot apical meristem, leaf and petiole) were dissected from an 8-week-old plant of S. tebesana growing in vitro and cultured on MS media containing different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg L-1), NAA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1) and BAP (0, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1), either alone or in a blend with each other. Morphological characteristics of the callus (consistency and colour), biomass increase based on fresh and dry weight and the percentage of induction were recorded after 56 days. Levels of total phenols, ortho-diphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and flavonols of callus, as well as antioxidant activities, were evaluated in vitro. The maximum callus formation (100%) was obtained from shoot apical meristem on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 1 mg L-1 BAP and with 1 and 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, whereas the highest fresh (15.06 ? 0.88 g) and dry (0.33 ? 0.02 g) weights of call were observed in a medium containing1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. It was noted that MS media augmented with combined PGRs had the highest accumulation of polyphenols, phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds, with levels of content varying in the following order: 2,4-D + BAP > NAA + BAP > 2,4-D + NAA. Strong linear correlations were established between total phenolic content of callus extracts and results of the DPPH and FRAP assays (r2 = 0.896 and r2 = 0.946, p < 0.01, respectively). The obtained results suggest that the described method could be utilised as a tool for large-scale production of medicinal metabolites of S. tebesana by tissue culture.

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