scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identification of potato cyst nematode populations in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Oro ◽  
Z. Ivanovic ◽  
B. Nikolic ◽  
L. Barsi ◽  
M. Radivojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Quarantine Species ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Morphological Differences

Quarantine species such as potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida are present in Serbia since 1999 and 2005, respectively. These nematodes are sibling species and their morphological identification is complex due to their morphometric overlap. The cysts from the localities of Kladnica, Sanac, Gojna Gora and Milatovici were grown on susceptible potato varieties and their morphological differences have been discussed. To avoid ambiguities in species morphological designation a duplex PCR method was chosen for a rapid and accurate species identification. The whole procedure, from DNA extraction to DNA isolation, can be performed in a single day. .

scholarly journals First Report of the Golden Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-883
Author(s):  
I. Ostojić ◽  
D. Grubišić ◽  
M. Zovko ◽  
T. Miličević ◽  
T. Gotlin Čuljak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Ware Potato ◽  
Quarantine Species

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, is the most problematic pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) worldwide and it is recognized as an A1 plant health quarantine species. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there have been no surveys for the presence of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) in ware potato lands, although they have been documented in the nearby countries of Serbia and Croatia (3). To determine the presence and distribution of PCN and to prevent further spread or increase of PCN populations, a survey in ware potato land was undertaken in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Soil samples consisting of 100 cores of 4 to 5 ml of soil were taken in a grid pattern throughout the plots. Samples of approximately 500 g were processed in the laboratory. The samples were air dried and cysts were extracted using a Spears's flotation method (4) from a 100-ml subsample. Species identification was based on morphometrical characters (2) and real-time PCR where the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS5, PITSr3) region was amplified and detected by the Sequence Dection Software v1.3 (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA) (1). In 2008, soil sampling was conducted in five locations and PCN were not detected in any of 10 soil samples taken. In June 2009, 17 soil samples were collected from seven locations. Two viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample from Tihaljina (Zaside; E 6447659.560, N 4797392.101, altitude 130 m). A total of 110 soil samples were collected from 90 locations in May and June 2010. Five viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample taken from Čapljina (Opličići – Turajlovina; E 6485169, N 4775964, altitude 222 m). On the basis of the survey results, G. rostochiensis is not widely spread but the cysts are detectable, indicating that the infestation is relatively recent and that there is a threat of further spread of this quarantine species. Consequently, producers need to grow resistant potato cultivars and implement additional control measures to keep the nematode populations below damaging levels. References: (1) J. Bacic et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 16:1, 61, 2008. (2) C. C. Fleming and T. O. Powers. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution and Control. R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie, eds.CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) D. Grubišic et al. J. Pest Sci. 80:21, 2007. (4) J. F. Spears. Agr. Handb. No. 353. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1968.

An Efficient Duplex PCR Method for Sex Identification of the European Grapevine Moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at Any Developmental Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2505-2510
Author(s):  
Carlos Aguirre ◽  
Natalia Olivares ◽  
Patricio Hinrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Specific Sequences

Abstract Many genetic studies in insects require sex identification of individuals in all developmental stages. The most common sex chromosome system in lepidopterans is WZ/ZZ; the W chromosome is present only in females. Based on two W chromosome-specific short sequences (CpW2 and CpW5) described in Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), we identified homologous female-specific sequences in Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff, a polyphagous and very harmful species present in Chile since 2008. From this starting point, we extended the sequence information using the inverse PCR method, identifying the first W-specific sequences described up to now for the moth. Finally, we developed a duplex PCR method for rapid and sensitive determination of sex in L. botrana from larva to adult. The method showed a detection limit of 1 pg of genomic DNA; a blind panel of samples exhibited exact correspondence with the morphological identification. These results will be very useful for studies requiring sex-specific analyses at any developmental stage, contributing also to the understanding of gene expression in the insect, as well as to the eventual development of control protocols against the moth, such as the development of genetic sexing strains for the implementation of the sterile insect technique.

Repetitive DNA and hybridization patterns demonstrate extensive variability between the sibling species Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. De Jong ◽  
J. Bakker ◽  
M. Roos ◽  
F. J. Gommers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Species Hybridization

SUMMARYA method is described for the isolation of high molecular weight DNA from females of potato cyst nematodes. Restriction enzyme analyses of repetitive DNA revealed 30 bands specific for Globodera rostochiensis and 8 bands specific for G. pallida. None of the repetitive DNA bands resolved was common to both species. Hybridization patterns, obtained with a DrosophilaβJ-tubulin probe, revealed 4 common bands, 3 bands specific for G. rostochiensis and 12 bands specific for G. pallida.

The effect of mycorrhization of potato roots on the hatching chemicals active towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractComparison of potato root leachates (PRL) collected from the roots of mycorrhizal (using the mixed-isolate inoculum, Vaminoc) and non-mycorrhizal potato cv. Golden Wonder confirmed that mycorrhization caused a significant increase in hatching activity towards Globodera pallida but not G. rostochiensis. After fractionating the leachates by low pressure molecular exclusion/anion exchange liquid chromatography, several potato cyst nematode (PCN) species-specific hatching factors (HF) were found only in PRL from mycorrhizal plants. Leachate from mycorrhizal plants also contained more of several of those HF common to PRL from both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Significantly more hatching factor stimulants (HS) active towards both PCN species were found in the PRL from mycorrhizal than from non-mycorrhizal plants; several HS were specific to mycorrhizal plants. No differences (quantitative or qualitative) were observed in hatching inhibitor (HI) levels between PRL from mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhization of potato plants resulted in a 20% increase in carbon but a 48% decrease in nitrogen concentrations of the PRL compared to that from the non-mycorrhizal plants.

scholarly journals Morfologi dan Morfometri Nematoda Sista Kentang (Globodera spp.) Asal Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Jawa Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Auliya Selamet ◽  
Supramana Supramana ◽  
Meity Suradji Sinaga ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah ◽  
Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Central Java ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Forward Projection ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Key Characters

The Morphology and Morphometry of Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) from Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Central JavaIn Indonesia, the potato cyst nematode (PCN) was first reported in 2003, at potato plantation in Batu, East Java. Golden cyst (Globodera rostochiensis) was detected in Bandung, West Java; Banjarnegara, Central Java; Batu, East Java; and Gowa, South Sulawesi, whereas the pale cyst (G. pallida) has been reported at limited distribution in Dataran Tinggi Dieng (Central Java). The aim of this research was to identify the Globodera species of Dataran Tinggi Dieng based on morphological and morphometrical methods. Soil samples were collected from Dieng plateau at 30 selected potato plantations ranging from 1 100 – 2 100 m above sea level. The identification of PCN was done by observing the morphological and morphometrical key characters of cysts and second juveniles (J2). Two species of Globodera, that are G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, were identified from soil samples. The key characters of G. pallida including distinct forward projection of J2 stylet knob, granek’s ratio value less than 3, and number of cuticular ridges between vulval basin and anus are less than 12 were identified. There were 25 specimens that having granek’s ratio less than 3, and 10 specimens having cuticular ridges number less than 12. G. rostochiensis which has the shape of a stylet knob protrudes posteriorly and the value of the granek’s ratio greater than 3.5 was identified in 30 specimens. 

scholarly journals Resistance and tolerance to potato cyst nematodes among Ukrainian potato cultivars and breeding materials

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
L.A. Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Field Plots

Potato is the fourth important cultivated crop in Ukraine; the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, Ro1 consists<br />one of the most serious threats to its industry. A total of 3769 cultivars and hybrids were assessed for resistance<br />to G. rostochiensis from 1992 to 2002. On the base of the two-stages assay, resistance was identified at 419 and partial<br />resistance at 90 genotypes, which had inherited resistance from 39 resistant cultivars and 23 hybrids. Resistance of the<br />74 genotypes was confirmed in both greenhouse and field plots; their effectiveness in reduction of population densities<br />of G. rostochiensis varied from 51 to 96% in one season. The tolerance of 5 Ukrainian potato resistant cultivars was<br />investigated in the field plots and all of them were classified as intolerant.

scholarly journals Resistance of Potato Breeding Clones and Cultivars to Three Species of Potato Cyst Nematode

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2120-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Whitworth ◽  
Richard G. Novy ◽  
Inga A. Zasada ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Louise-Marie Dandurand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Market Class ◽  
Potato Resistance

In the United States, potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida are quarantined pests. A new cyst nematode species, Globodera ellingtonae, discovered in Oregon and Idaho, reproduces well on potato but is not currently a quarantine pest. Identifying resistance to all three Globodera spp. would provide a valuable management tool. Thirteen breeding clones and nine cultivars were evaluated in Oregon, Idaho, and New York laboratories where the nematode populations are maintained. Minitubers or tissue culture plants were planted into pots and inoculated with eggs in replicated experiments. Results indicated that five entries were partially resistant or resistant to all three species, while another five were resistant or partially resistant to G. rostochiensis and G. ellingtonae. Resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotypes Ro1 and Ro4 is controlled by the H1 gene and this study suggests that H1 may confer resistance to G. ellingtonae as well. Observed resistance to G. pallida was lower relative to the levels of resistance observed for G. rostochiensis and G. ellingtonae. Germplasm with G. pallida or G. ellingtonae resistance will be used in hybridizations to develop russet-skinned cultivars with long tubers which represent the predominant market class in western U.S. production, and to further explore the basis of potato resistance to Globodera spp.

scholarly journals Expression of Two Functionally Distinct Plant Endo-β-1,4-Glucanases Is Essential for the Compatible Interaction Between Potato Cyst Nematode and Its Hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Karczmarek ◽  
Sylwia Fudali ◽  
Malgorzata Lichocka ◽  
Miroslaw Sobczak ◽  
Wojciech Kurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Aberrant Phenotype ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Class C

For the proliferation of their feeding sites (syncytia), the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis is thought to recruit plant endo-β-1,4-glucanases (EGases, EC. 3.2.1.4). Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) indicated that the expression of two out of the at least eight EGases, namely Sl-cel7 and Sl-cel9C1, is specifically upregulated during syncytium formation. In situ hybridization and immunodetection studies demonstrated that both EGases are specifically expressed inside and adjacent to proliferating syncytia. To assess the importance of Sl-cel7 and Sl-cel9C1 for nematode development, we decided to knock them out individually. Sl-cel9C1 probably is the only class C EGase in tomato, and we were unable to regenerate Sl-cel9C1–silenced plants. Potato (S. tuberosum), a close relative of tomato, harbors at least two class C EGases, and St-cel7-or St-cel9C1–silenced potato plants showed no obvious aberrant phenotype. Infection with potato cyst nematodes resulted in a severe reduction of the number of adult females (up to 60%) and a sharp increase in the fraction of females without eggs (up to 89%). Hence, the recruitment of CEL7, an enzyme that uses xyloglucan and noncrystalline cellulose as natural substrates, and CEL9C1, an enzyme that uses crystalline cellulose, is essential for growth and development of potato cyst nematodes.

Immunochemical studies on pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Fox ◽  
H. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Micro Organisms

The potential of antigenic differences for discriminating pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis has been examined by the use of an antiserum raised to a homogenate of potato cyst nematode larvae. Species-specific antigens were detected among reference pathotypes but more variability was detected among field populations, and cluster analysis was used to interpret the precipitation are pattern produced by Laurell crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. A division into species was seen with this analysis but no definite pathotype groupings were detected. Cross-reaction with other cyst-nematode species was limited to general non-specific precipitation. The antigens were all proteinaceous, did not arise from micro-organisms within the cyst and were mainly hydrophilic with an acidic isoelectric point. Peptidase and acid phosphatase activity was detected in some precipitation arcs but this was not species specific.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document