scholarly journals Resistance and tolerance to potato cyst nematodes among Ukrainian potato cultivars and breeding materials

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
L.A. Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Field Plots

Potato is the fourth important cultivated crop in Ukraine; the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, Ro1 consists<br />one of the most serious threats to its industry. A total of 3769 cultivars and hybrids were assessed for resistance<br />to G. rostochiensis from 1992 to 2002. On the base of the two-stages assay, resistance was identified at 419 and partial<br />resistance at 90 genotypes, which had inherited resistance from 39 resistant cultivars and 23 hybrids. Resistance of the<br />74 genotypes was confirmed in both greenhouse and field plots; their effectiveness in reduction of population densities<br />of G. rostochiensis varied from 51 to 96% in one season. The tolerance of 5 Ukrainian potato resistant cultivars was<br />investigated in the field plots and all of them were classified as intolerant.

scholarly journals The Golden Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis Pathotype Ro1 in the Saint-Amable Regulated Area in Quebec, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1510-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mahran ◽  
S. Turner ◽  
T. Martin ◽  
Q. Yu ◽  
S. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Randomized Design

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behren, is an economically important parasite of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) and is recognized as a quarantine pest internationally (2). This pest attacks potato plants and causes stunting of the haulm and the root system, leaf yellowing, and tuber yield losses (2). The pathotype scheme proposed by Kort et al. distinguishes five pathotypes (Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro4, and Ro5) of G. rostochiensis using differential Solanum clones (1). Several resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been identified in wild Solanum species confer resistance to different G. rostochiensis pathotypes and have been introgressed into commercial potato cultivars (2). Determining G. rostochiensis pathotype(s) is essential to implement efficient management strategies, which include using resistant potato varieties. G. rostochiensis was discovered in the municipality of Saint-Amable, Quebec (QC), Canada in 2006 (3) and was subsequently characterized (4). In this study, cysts were collected from 11 representative infested fields and confirmed to be G. rostochiensis (3). The pathotypes of these nematodes were assessed on seven differential clones (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum cv. Desiree, S. tuberosum × S. andigena cv. Maris Piper, S. kurtzianum hybrid 60.21.19, S. vernei hybrid 62.33.3, S. vernei hybrid 58.1642/4, S. vernei hybrid 65.346/19, and S. multidissectum hybrid P55/7) in 2007 and 2009. Briefly, in each 1-liter plastic pot containing 907 g (2 lbs) of soil (3:1 loam/grit v v-1), a single differential Solanum clone was planted and 15 cysts from 1 of 11 fields were inoculated. Five replicates were set up for each Solanum-nematode combination and the pots were arranged in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at 22°C with a 16-h light period per day. Nine weeks after inoculation, cysts were extracted from each pot and counted. Reproduction factor (Rf) for each replicate was calculated (Rf = Pf/Pi; Pf is the final cyst number and Pi is the initial cyst number added to each pot). Rf values were used to categorize the differential clones into two groups, “susceptible” leading to increase in nematode numbers (Rf > 1) and “resistant” resulting in decrease in nematode numbers (Rf ≤ 1) (1). Our results in 2007 and 2009 were consistent and the pathotype of the nematodes collected from all the fields were identified as Ro1. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the pathotype of G. rostochiensis in the Saint-Amable regulated area was identified. Accordingly, potato cultivars carrying genes or QTL resistant to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 can be used to reduce the nematode numbers in infested fields in the Saint-Amable area, QC. References: (1) J. Kort et al. Nematologica 23:333, 1977. (2) R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution, and Control. 1st ed. CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) F. Sun et al. Plant Dis. 91:908, 2007. (4) Q. Yu et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:264, 2010.

scholarly journals First Report of the Golden Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-883
Author(s):  
I. Ostojić ◽  
D. Grubišić ◽  
M. Zovko ◽  
T. Miličević ◽  
T. Gotlin Čuljak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Ware Potato ◽  
Quarantine Species

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, is the most problematic pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) worldwide and it is recognized as an A1 plant health quarantine species. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there have been no surveys for the presence of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) in ware potato lands, although they have been documented in the nearby countries of Serbia and Croatia (3). To determine the presence and distribution of PCN and to prevent further spread or increase of PCN populations, a survey in ware potato land was undertaken in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Soil samples consisting of 100 cores of 4 to 5 ml of soil were taken in a grid pattern throughout the plots. Samples of approximately 500 g were processed in the laboratory. The samples were air dried and cysts were extracted using a Spears's flotation method (4) from a 100-ml subsample. Species identification was based on morphometrical characters (2) and real-time PCR where the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS5, PITSr3) region was amplified and detected by the Sequence Dection Software v1.3 (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA) (1). In 2008, soil sampling was conducted in five locations and PCN were not detected in any of 10 soil samples taken. In June 2009, 17 soil samples were collected from seven locations. Two viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample from Tihaljina (Zaside; E 6447659.560, N 4797392.101, altitude 130 m). A total of 110 soil samples were collected from 90 locations in May and June 2010. Five viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample taken from Čapljina (Opličići – Turajlovina; E 6485169, N 4775964, altitude 222 m). On the basis of the survey results, G. rostochiensis is not widely spread but the cysts are detectable, indicating that the infestation is relatively recent and that there is a threat of further spread of this quarantine species. Consequently, producers need to grow resistant potato cultivars and implement additional control measures to keep the nematode populations below damaging levels. References: (1) J. Bacic et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 16:1, 61, 2008. (2) C. C. Fleming and T. O. Powers. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution and Control. R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie, eds.CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) D. Grubišic et al. J. Pest Sci. 80:21, 2007. (4) J. F. Spears. Agr. Handb. No. 353. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1968.

scholarly journals Population changes of the potato cyst nematode (Giobodera rostochiensis) during irregular crop rota­tion

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
J. Šedivý
Keyword(s):  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soil Infestation ◽  
The Mean

For a period of 17 years, changes in the n umber of potato cyst nematode (PCN) cysts in the soil and in their contents were studied in two fields with an irregular crop rotation and growing resistant and susceptible potato cultivars. In all years, numbers of cysts per I 00 g of soil were higher at Skorkov (S) than at Ot radovice (0). At the beginning of the experiment, the percentages of empty PCN cysts were 30 and 28%, respectively, but they increased to 92.5 and 94.6%, respectively, by the end of it. The remaining cysts contained dead eggs/larvae and empty egg cases. Thus, the number of cysts per I 00 g of soil cannot be used to estimate the degree of soil infestation with the PCN without also knowing the number of viable stages in the cysts. When the experiment started the mean number of viable eggs/larvae per cyst was 62.7 in fields and 51.3 in field 0; no viable stages of the pest were found at the end of the experiment. Parallel to the decline in the number of viable eggs/larvae per cyst, the numbers of cysts with viable contents also declined in both fields. The mean number of dead eggs/larvae per cyst showed considerable variation in the course of the experiment.  In fields it varied within a range of 1 5.9-69.4 individuals per cyst. Over the years the number of empty egg cases per cyst showed an irregular increasing trend. In field S their number varied from 34.9 to 1 97.5 per cyst. In field 0 from 46.3 to 218. No unequivocal negative effect of cropping resistant potato cultivars on the number of PCN cysts in the soil has been ascertained. In most years. The cropping of resistant cultivars was followed by an increased number of empty cysts in soil samples in both experimental fields.  The effect of growing resistant cultivars on the number of viable eggs/ larvae was negative in both fields, resulting in decreased mean numbers of viable individuals per cyst. The mean number of dead eggs/larvae per cyst was variable.  The number of empty egg cases was usually higher after the harvest of a resistant potato cultivar. The numbers of empty cysts and those with dead contents increased distinctly after an application of pig manure prior to growing the resistant cultivar and in subsequent years. The mean number of cysts in the soil, and of viable stages in the cysts also declined after a crop of rye. Regula r cropping of resistant potato cultivars at 3-year intervals, once interrupted by growing a susceptible plant cultivar, decreased the occurrence of viable stages of the PCN below the detectable level.

Effects of aldicarb and oxamyl in peaty loam soil on potato cyst-nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, and on resistant and susceptible potatoes

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Whitehead ◽  
D. J. Tite ◽  
Janet E. Fraser ◽  
Eileen M. French ◽  
L. Short
Keyword(s):  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Yield Responses

SummaryPotato cyst-nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, was controlled in peaty loam by growing the resistant potato cultivars Cara and Maris Piper, or by incorporating aldicarb or oxamyl granules in the seed bed before planting susceptible cultivars. In heavily infested soils, aldicarb or oxamyl increased tuber yields of susceptible cultivars and Maris Piper but did not increase tuber yields of Cara, which suggests that it is tolerant as well as resistant. Yield responses to oxamyl varied greatly among susceptible cultivars. In the top 20 cm of untreated soil, the nematodes increased twice as much on Bang Edward as on five other susceptible cultivars.

scholarly journals Expression of Two Functionally Distinct Plant Endo-β-1,4-Glucanases Is Essential for the Compatible Interaction Between Potato Cyst Nematode and Its Hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Karczmarek ◽  
Sylwia Fudali ◽  
Malgorzata Lichocka ◽  
Miroslaw Sobczak ◽  
Wojciech Kurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Aberrant Phenotype ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Class C

For the proliferation of their feeding sites (syncytia), the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis is thought to recruit plant endo-β-1,4-glucanases (EGases, EC. 3.2.1.4). Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) indicated that the expression of two out of the at least eight EGases, namely Sl-cel7 and Sl-cel9C1, is specifically upregulated during syncytium formation. In situ hybridization and immunodetection studies demonstrated that both EGases are specifically expressed inside and adjacent to proliferating syncytia. To assess the importance of Sl-cel7 and Sl-cel9C1 for nematode development, we decided to knock them out individually. Sl-cel9C1 probably is the only class C EGase in tomato, and we were unable to regenerate Sl-cel9C1–silenced plants. Potato (S. tuberosum), a close relative of tomato, harbors at least two class C EGases, and St-cel7-or St-cel9C1–silenced potato plants showed no obvious aberrant phenotype. Infection with potato cyst nematodes resulted in a severe reduction of the number of adult females (up to 60%) and a sharp increase in the fraction of females without eggs (up to 89%). Hence, the recruitment of CEL7, an enzyme that uses xyloglucan and noncrystalline cellulose as natural substrates, and CEL9C1, an enzyme that uses crystalline cellulose, is essential for growth and development of potato cyst nematodes.

Identification of RFLP markers linked to the H1 gene conferring resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omaira Pineda ◽  
Merideth W. Bonierbale ◽  
Robert L. Plaisted ◽  
Bill B. Brodie ◽  
Steven D. Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Rflp Map ◽  
Starting Point

The H1 gene from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena confers high levels of resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and is used extensively in potato breeding. Using a dihaploid segregating population, a search was conducted for linkage between this gene and markers on the potato/tomato RFLP map. A total of 60 RFLP markers covering the entire genome were screened on bulk resistant and susceptible segregants. Linkage was indicated for eight markers on chromosome 5. Individual plant analysis placed the closest marker, CD78, at a maximum map distance of 2.7 cM from H1. A molecular marker for the H1 should be useful both as a correlative screening tool for incorporation of resistance into new cultivars and as starting point for map-based cloning of this important gene.Key words: Solanum tuberosum, potato, resistance genes, Globodera rostochiensis, H1, RFLP, cyst nematodes.

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