scholarly journals Implementation of Monmonier's algorithm of maximum differences for the regionalization of forest tree populations as a basis for the selection of seed sources

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ivetic ◽  
V. Isajev ◽  
N. Stavretovic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Selection Of

The regionalization of forest tree populations was researched on an example of beech, as the species with the largest range and the widest ecological amplitude in Serbia. The implementation of Monmonier's algorithm of maximum differences to analyze the spatial distances and the matrix of genetic distances generated by RAPD markers produced different results, depending on the method of addressing the genetic distances, so that data processing should be planned in accordance with the number of samples and their geographic location. The analysis is simple and enables a good visualization of genetic variability barriers which, in combination with the data on the distribution and the geographic barriers, can be utilized for recommending the transfer of forest tree reproductive material.

scholarly journals Divergência genética entre acessos de mentrasto do Estado do Tocantins através de marcadores RAPD

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298
Author(s):  
Elainy Martins Oliveira ◽  
Waldesse Oliveira Junior ◽  
Jaqueline Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Guilhon De Castro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Degree Of Association

Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) is known in Brazil for its medicinal properties being mainly used as painkiller and anti-inflammatory. Due to the existence of few genetic studies for this species, this work aimed to characterize the genetic diversity among nine accessions from different sites at Tocantins state, to provide information about its genetic resources. Similarity coefficients obtained varied from 48% to 80%, result of amplification of 102 fragments, of which 72 (70.5%) were polymorphic. Groupment analysis allowed the differentiation in three groups. One of them was distinguished because it presented the highest similarity among all, being composed by ANA and NAT (80% similarity). In general, these data showed there is low degree of association between the geographic location of the accessions and the genetic distances. So, the collected accession ns in Tocantins state presented considerable genetic variability and the efficiency of RAPD markers for such characterization was here proven.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of the Moxotó goat breed using RAPD markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Andréa Alves do Egito ◽  
Maria Norma Ribeiro ◽  
Samuel Rezende Paiva ◽  
Maria do Socorro Maués Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Goat Breed ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

The objective of this study was to verify the genetic diversity between and within seven populations of Moxotó goat (n = 264) from the States of Pernambuco, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Moxotó, as well as other naturalized breeds, suffers genetic losses due to the indiscriminate miscegenation with breeds raised in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The genetic characterization of these genetic resources is essential to conservation and breeding programs. DNA was extracted from lymphocytes using a non-organic protocol. The 16 primers used were selected from 120 decamer oligonucleotide primers and generated 56 polymorphic bands. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the greater part of total genetic variability (71.55%) was due to differences between individuals within populations, while 21.21% was among populations. The analysis of variance among the pairs of populations demonstrated that the populations located in Floresta, PE x Angicos, RN presented a smaller value of intrapopulational differentiation (8.9%), indicating low genetic variability among them. Nei's genetic distances varied between 0.0546 and 0.1868 in the populations. The dendrogram generated showed that the Canindé breed, used as outgroup, clustered with the populations of Moxotó, indicating a possible common origin of the naturalized goat breeds.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Passiflora spp. from commercial fields in the Federal District, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Gomes de Castro ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho ◽  
Kenia Gracielle da Fonseca ◽  
Marina de Fátima Vilela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

This study aimed to characterize the genetic variability in commercial accessions of passion fruit from the Federal District, Brazil, by RAPD markers. Genetic analyses were done with leaf samples of 30 accessions. DNA samples were amplified by RAPD technique, and respective markers converted into a binary matrix, from which the genetic distances between the accessions were estimated. Clustering analyis based on genetic distances allowed to detect a wide range of genetic variabillity among the accessions of sour passion fruit, and to separate them from the two sweet passion fruit. The graphical positioning of 'BRS Ouro Vermelho' confirms its potential to improve the genetic variability of commercial varieties of sour passion fruit. Dispersal of genetic distances among commercial accessions of sour passion fruit supports evidence for different genetic origins of the materials planted in the Federal District. The verified genetic variability indicates the potential success of future breeding programs for this region.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and phylogeny of the entomopathogenic fungus

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oborník ◽  
R. Stouthamer ◽  
E. Meekes ◽  
M. Schilthuittzen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
South India ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Genetic Distances

We characterized 23 isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia spp. from Mexico, Brazil, Guyana, Trinidad, Venezuela, Columbia, Florida, Malaysia, Thailand, Japan, Philippines, Java and South India using RAPD markers. The data were used to compute the genetic variability and to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Aschersonia. Relative genetic distances varied from 0.018 (between isolates Aa2 and Ap2) to 0.445 (between isolates A1 and At1). In the constructed phylogenetic tree, isolates were clustered according to their geographical origin. We determined partial 26S ribosomal DNA sequences of five Aschersonia isolates (A28, A31, Ai1a, Ai2b – Aschersonia spp.; and Ap1– Aschersonia placenta) and used them for phylogenetic analysis. Three of the tested isolates were not distinguishable. The tree constructed indicated that isolates Ai1a and Ai2b belong to species distinct from A. placenta and A. aleyrodis.

Genetic variability and phylogeny inferred from random amplified polymorphic DNA data reflect life strategy of entomopathogenic fungi

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1150-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Oborník ◽  
Marek Klíc ◽  
Lukáš Zizka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Neighbor Joining

Our analysis of the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships among the isolates of mitosporic entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith (10 isolates), Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm ex S.F. Gray) Brown & Smith (3 isolates), Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson (1 isolate), and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas (6 isolates) was based on the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Neighbor-joining analysis characterized P. fumosoroseus and V. lecanii as monophyletic taxa. The analysis also supported monophyly of the genus Paecilomyces. We have used the distribution of genetic distances to demonstrate the genetic variability within studied species, in Paecilomyces spp. (Hyphomycetes) and Aschersonia spp. (Coelomycetes) in particular. We conclude that the RAPD-based analysis is useful for the reconstruction of intraspecific and interspecific relationships of the entomopathogenic fungi. Moreover, it can be employed to study the intergeneric relationships, especially in the case of closely related genera of the hyphomycetous entomopathogenic fungi. We propose that RAPD-based phylogeny and genetic variability reflect their life strategy. In our opinion, the mobility of spores represents a factor with major influence on the evolution of these entomopathogenic fungi.Key words: Paecilomyces, Verticillium, Aschersonia, RAPD, phylogeny, genetic variability.

scholarly journals Identification of the Polish strains of Chalara ovoidea using RAPD molecular markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kowalski ◽  
Wojciech Kraj
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Mantel’S Test ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Positive Results

On the basis of morphological features and RAPD markers the strains of <em>Chalara ovoidea</em> found in Poland on planks and on stems of beech trees were identified. As reference strains the cultures taken from CBS Utrecht were employed; they were cultures CBS 354.76 and CBS 136.88. The amplification of genomic DNA was conducted using 10 primers (OPA01-OPA10), 7 of which (OPA01-OPA05, OPA09, OPA10) gave positive results. In total 42 fragment of DNA (bands) were obtained. In case of primers OPA03, OPA04, OPA05, and OPA09 all obtained fragments for analyzed strains were fully monomorphic. This means, that no genetic variability was found using the above mentioned primers. Low genetic variability was ascertained in the analysis of frequency of occurrence of DNA fragments using other primers, namely OPA01, OPA02, and OPA10. The matrix and dendrogram of genetic affinities among different strains of <em>Chalara</em>, calculated using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient suggested, that the most similar strains are the ones coming from Poland (HMIPC 16136 and HMIPC16664) as well as the strain CBS 136.88, while somewhat different from them is the strain CBS 354.76. To determine, how exactly did the dendrogram reflect genetic affinity among analyzed strains, the Mantel’s test was employed. The correlation coefficient amounted to 0.78, suggesting that the strains under study had been grouped properly. The results showed, that the fungal strains found in southern Poland represent the species Chalara ovoidea.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of elephantgrass accessions through RAPD markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leônidas Paixão Passos ◽  
Marco Antonio Machado ◽  
Maria Coletta Vidigal ◽  
Ana Lúcia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Average Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Distance Matrix

Elephantgrass pastures are limited by yield variations and reductions in forage quality and availability, thus making the search for genotypes with reduced seasonality a major concern. In order to verify the extent of genetic variability among contrasting cultivars, ten elephantgrass accessions were analyzed through DNA amplification by RAPD technique. A total of 160 DNA bands were generated with the use of 44 random primers and 23% of these bands were monomorphic for all accessions. Gel-obtained binary data (1 for presence and 0 for absence) were used for generating a genetic distance matrix, which was utilized in a UPGMA grouping analysis. Elephantgrass cultivars Cameroon and Vruckwona were the accessions mostly divergent from the others, with an average genetic distance of 0.34. The accessions with the lowest average genetic distances from the others were Pioneiro and CNPGL 27-5, both with a distance of 0.25. Overall, genetic distances ranged from 0.06 to 0.43, indicating little genetic variability for the set of accessions, despite the contrasting morphology of the studied genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence among processing tomato hybrids and formation of new segregating populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Alex Sandro Torre Figueiredo ◽  
Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende ◽  
Kélin Schwarz ◽  
Josué Clock Marodin ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Bottleneck Effect ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Commercial Processing ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Tomato is the most important vegetable species and has a strong bottleneck effect in its domestication and evolution. In exploring the existing genetic variability in commercial germplasm, germplasm has been proven to be an excellent alternative to obtain inbred lines in order to provide superior new hybrids in the future. In this sense, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic distance among commercial processing tomato hybrids via agronomical and quality postharvest fruit traits with the aim of suggesting promising crosses for the formation of base populations for tomato breeding. Ten hybrids of processing tomato were evaluated in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. In total, eleven agronomic and postharvest fruit quality traits were evaluated. The genetic distances were estimated between the hybrids using the generalized Mahalanobis () and Gower () distances. The genetic distance among tomato hybrids was determined using a graphic projection of the first two canonical variables. The presence of significant genetic variability among the hybrids (P <0.05) was demonstrated and was sufficient for the selection of the best hybrids before the breeding process. The hybrid Laura stood out for its postharvest characteristics and was the most divergent genotype compared to the others evaluated. The most promising crossings for the formation of segregating populations with superior genetic merit are Kátia x Laura, Vênus x Laura, Fascínio x Laura, AP-533 x Laura, Tinto x Laura, AP-529 x Laura, Supera x Laura, Granadero x Laura, Granadero x AP533, Granadero x Ap529 and Granadero x Kátia.

scholarly journals Genetic variability in the peach palm genebank with RAPD markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelly de Cristo Araújo ◽  
Doriane Picanço Rodrigues ◽  
Spartaco Astolfi Filho ◽  
Charles Roland Clement
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Average Gene

Peach palm is a native Amazonian fruit species with broad genetic diversity in its wild and domesticated populations. This study completed the molecular characterization and genetic analysis of the accessions in the Peach Palm genebank, Brazil, using RAPD markers. Eight primers generated 132 markers, of which 128 were polymorphic. Average heterozigosity was 0.35, with 95.5% polymorphism. The genetic variability within the landraces (H S) was 0.32, while genetic divergence (G ST) was 0.09 among the four well-represented landraces. The average gene flow was 5.0, with high gene flow between the Solimões and Pampa Hermosa (Nm=10.07), and between the Putumayo and Solimões (Nm=10.73) landraces, all western landraces. The dendrograms of the Nei's and Rogers' genetic distances of the well-represented landraces presented similar groupings to previous analyses, with the Solimões, Putumayo and Pampa Hermosa landraces grouped together in western Amazonia, and distant from the Pará landrace in central and eastern Amazonia.

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