scholarly journals Diversity among Pseudomonas syringae strains originating from fruit trees in Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarko Ivanovic ◽  
Svetlana Zivkovic ◽  
Mira Starovic ◽  
Dragana Josic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Pcr Method

Pseudomonas syringae is a widespread and economically important plant pathogen, one found on a number of hosts, including fruit trees, field crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants. This bacterium has been experimentally identified as a parasite of pear, apple, apricot, peach, cherry, sour cherry, plum, and raspberry. The present study was designed to establish differences between strains isolated from fruit trees in Serbia. The pathogenic and biochemical characteristics of isolates were studied. The BOX-PCR method was used to generate genomic fingerprints of Pseudomonas syringae isolates and to identify strains that were previously not distinguishable by other classification methods. Different Bacillus sp. strains were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against Pseudononas syringae isolates. Bacillus sp. strains show inhibitory activity only against P. syringae isolates that originated from peach. The obtained results demonstrate that the population of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae from the fruit trees in Serbia is very diverse.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Phage φ6 for Biocontrol of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae: An in Vitro Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larindja A. M. Pinheiro ◽  
Carla Pereira ◽  
Carolina Frazão ◽  
Victor M. Balcão ◽  
Adelaide Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Maximum Reduction

Pseudomonas syringae is a plant-associated bacterial species that has been divided into more than 60 pathovars, with the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae being the main causative agent of diseases in a wide variety of fruit trees. The most common treatments for biocontrol of P. syringae pv. syringae infections has involved copper derivatives and/or antibiotics. However, these treatments should be avoided due to their high toxicity to the environment and promotion of bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is essential to search for new approaches for controlling P. syringae pv. syringae. Phage therapy can be a useful alternative tool to the conventional treatments to control P. syringae pv. syringae infections in plants. In the present study, the efficacy of bacteriophage (or phage) φ6 (a commercially available phage) was evaluated in the control of P. syringae pv. syringae. As the plants are exposed to the natural variability of physical and chemical parameters, the influence of pH, temperature, solar radiation and UV-B irradiation on phage φ6 viability was also evaluated in order to develop an effective phage therapy protocol. The host range analysis revealed that the phage, besides its host (P. syringae pv. syringae), also infects the Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae CRA-FRU 12.54 and P. syringae pv. actinidiae CRA-FRU 14.10 strains, not infecting strains from the other tested species. Both multiplicities of infection (MOIs) tested, 1 and 100, were effective to inactivate the bacterium, but the MOI 1 (maximum reduction of 3.9 log CFU/mL) was more effective than MOI 100 (maximum reduction of 2.6 log CFU/mL). The viability of phage φ6 was mostly affected by exposure to UV-B irradiation (decrease of 7.3 log PFU/mL after 8 h), exposure to solar radiation (maximum reduction of 2.1 PFU/mL after 6 h), and high temperatures (decrease of 8.5 PFU/mL after 6 days at 37 °C, but a decrease of only 2.0 log PFU/mL after 67 days at 15 °C and 25 °C). The host range, high bacterial control and low rates of development of phage-resistant bacterial clones (1.20 × 10−3) suggest that this phage can be used to control P. syringae pv. syringae infections in plants, but also to control infections by P. syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. Although the stability of phage φ6 was affected by UV-B and solar radiation, this can be overcome by the application of phage suspensions at the end of the day or at night.

scholarly journals A Versatile New Tactic for Fruit Tree Micrografting

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Obeidy ◽  
M.A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Micro Scale

Micrografting is au effective technique for elimination of viruses, early diagnosis of grafting incompatibilities, rejuvenation of mature tissue, and bypassing the juvenile phase in fruit trees. Current micrografting procedures are difficult, impractical, expensive, and generally result in an inefficient rate of successful graft production. To alleviate some of these limitations, a unique apparatus was designed to splice the in vitro-derived scion and rootstock together during the micrografting process. The dual-layer device was constructed with an outer layer of aluminum foil, with flexibility to facilitate manipulation during the grafting of micro-scale plants. A delicate, absorbent inner layer of paper toweling cushions the plant tissue. It also may be treated with hormones and other compounds. After healing, it is easy to remove the grafting apparatus from the grafted plant without damaging the tissues. This apparatus may be used to unite a scion and a rootstock with different stem diameters. Shoot-tip cultures of `McIntosh' and M.7 apple and `North Star' sour cherry, and in vitro seedlings of lemon, orange, and grapefruit were used as a source of in vitro scions and rootstocks. Successful graft unions were developed, and the grafted plants were transplanted into the greenhouse environment.

scholarly journals Abnormal symptoms in micropropagation and strategies to overcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Ha Thi My Ngan ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
Bui Van Le ◽  
Duong Tan Nhut
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Tissue And Organ Culture ◽  
Micro Propagation

Nowaday, plant cell, tissue and organ culture has become a standard and popular propagation method for many crops including ornamental plants, medicinal plants, fruit trees and green vegetables. The advantage of this method is that it can generate a huge number of genetically identical seedlings, effectively control the pathogenicity in order to produce disease-free plants, become a tool for conservation and development of genetic sources and support study of physiological characteristics of plants. However, this method still has some limitations such as abnormal physiological morphology and anatomical structure; necrosis and deformities plants; stomata loss of function, etc. These abnormalities have great impacts on shoot multiplication as well as the growth and development of the plants after transplanted from the culture vessels to the nursery stage. The components of in vitro culture conditions such as culture system, composition and content of nutrients, plant growth regulators used in the culture medium, light, temperature and humidity, age and origin of explants, etc., are the main causes of the abnormalities. Therefore, optimization of culture system to improve the quality of seedlings has always been one of the main targets of commercial micropropagation. In this review, we focused on some frequently abnormal symptoms in micro - propagation such as vitrification, yellowing and abscission of leaves; microbial contamination; necrosis of shoot-tip, roots and tissues culture; browning of explants and medium culture and other restrictions. More over, this report showed some the effective solutions to overcome these abnormal phenomena.

scholarly journals In Vitro Selection and in Vitro Screening for Disease Resistance in Fruit Trees

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 695b-695
Author(s):  
Freddi A. Hammerschlag ◽  
Ghazala Hashmi ◽  
Robin Huettel ◽  
Dennis Werner ◽  
David Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Somaclonal Variants ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

One approach for obtaining useful genetic variation is to select for somaclonal variants generated by tissue culture techniques. Increased levels of resistance to bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni) have been observed in toxin-selected and unselected peach regenerants in vitro, in the greenhouse and under field conditions. Peach regenerants have also demonstrated increased levels of bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) resistance. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers have been used to study genetic variation at the DNA level among the somaclonal variants. Sixty RAPD primers (10-mers) were screened and 10 proved useful as markers to detect polymorphisms, thus establishing a genetic basis for somaclonal variation. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using tissue culture techniques to generate fruit trees with increased levels of disease resistance.

scholarly journals Biocontrol activity of microoganisms on Botrytis isolates from vineyards

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Yara Suhan Juárez-Campusano ◽  
María del Socorro Chávaro-Ortiz ◽  
Lourdes Soto-Muñoz / ◽  
Juan Ramiro Pacheco-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Physiological Diversity ◽  
Grape Fruit ◽  
Biocontrol Activity

Botrytis cinerea causes postharvest fruit rot of an infinity of crops, the infective capacity is due to its physiological diversity that shown, even inside the same crop. For its control, the use of antagonistic microoganisms is emerging as a sustainable option. In the present work, 40 Botrytis isolates from three vineyards were characterized by their ability to infect grape fruit (Thomson Seedless), the results showed that all produced lesions diameters from 6.5 to 22.2 mm. Ten of these isolates that presented differences in terms of their virulence, were subject to in vitro antagonism test, using the yeasts Metschnikowia sp. NB9 and FLL17 (Kodamaea sp. FLL17 and the bacteria FR4B12 Bacillus sp. R4B12 from must and flower and fruit, respectively. The results showed that, on average, FRB412 had the highest inhibitory activity on the growth of Botrytis strains, exhibiting mycelial growth inhibition percentages from 51 to 81 %, followed by FLL17 (21 to 53 %) and NB9 (15 to 51 %). In conclusion, the three study strains have different ranges of biocontrol on Botrytis, whose application could reduce gray rot in grapes.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Regarding in Vitro Infections with Erwinia Amylovora and Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Syringae on Pomaceae Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Irina Paraschiva Chiriac ◽  
Fl. D. Lipşa ◽  
E. Ulea
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Occurrence Time ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
In Vitro Inoculation

Abstract The knowledge about pome fruit trees bacterioses and their evolution in orchards is a major objective for plant protection. Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae cause on attacked organs of Pomaceae species similar dieback symptoms in vegetative and flowering shoots of quince, pear and apple in spring. Both bacteria can produce disastrous diseases in orchards and are therefore of great economic importance. Biological materials represented by vegetative shoots, leaves and fruits of Pyrus spp., Malus spp., Cydonia spp. were used after isolation of different E. amylovora and Ps. syringae pv. syringae strains for in vitro infections. Results presented in this study established that for in vitro inoculation of Pomaceae species similar symptoms in case of leaves and, respectively different symptoms for vegetative shoots and fruits occurred. The occurrence time was the only difference, because Ps. syringae pv. syringae spread faster than E. amylovora. The vegetative shoots inoculated with E. amylovora, in comparison to Ps. syringae pv. syringae, were more damaged and for both bacteria the highest values for attack degree were recorded in case of pear species, followed by quince and apples, respectively.

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of extracts and compounds from cultivated Artemisia dracunculus

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
B Dursunoğlu ◽  
H Yuca ◽  
S Gözcü ◽  
H Özbek ◽  
Z Güvenalp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Artemisia Dracunculus

The Effects of Some Synthetic Compounds on In Vitro Fibrinolytic Activity Measured by Different Methods and the Relevance to Activity In Vivo

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
A.J Baillie ◽  
A. K Sim
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Narrow Concentration Range

SummaryThe activity of several synthetic compounds, rated from good to poor (or inactive) fibrinolytic activators, has been assessed by two different commonly-used in vitro methods. Compounds shown to be active over a narrow concentration range in the hanging clot test were shown to be inhibitors of plasmin and trypsin in the casein-olytic test. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was shown to increase with increasing substrate concentration and apparent activity in the hanging clot test. Possible explanations and relevance of these observations are discussed.

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