scholarly journals A Versatile New Tactic for Fruit Tree Micrografting

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Obeidy ◽  
M.A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Micro Scale

Micrografting is au effective technique for elimination of viruses, early diagnosis of grafting incompatibilities, rejuvenation of mature tissue, and bypassing the juvenile phase in fruit trees. Current micrografting procedures are difficult, impractical, expensive, and generally result in an inefficient rate of successful graft production. To alleviate some of these limitations, a unique apparatus was designed to splice the in vitro-derived scion and rootstock together during the micrografting process. The dual-layer device was constructed with an outer layer of aluminum foil, with flexibility to facilitate manipulation during the grafting of micro-scale plants. A delicate, absorbent inner layer of paper toweling cushions the plant tissue. It also may be treated with hormones and other compounds. After healing, it is easy to remove the grafting apparatus from the grafted plant without damaging the tissues. This apparatus may be used to unite a scion and a rootstock with different stem diameters. Shoot-tip cultures of `McIntosh' and M.7 apple and `North Star' sour cherry, and in vitro seedlings of lemon, orange, and grapefruit were used as a source of in vitro scions and rootstocks. Successful graft unions were developed, and the grafted plants were transplanted into the greenhouse environment.

scholarly journals A VERSATILE NEW TACTIC FOR FRUIT TREE MICROGRAFTING

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 776D-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Obeidy ◽  
M.A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Cut Surface

Micrografting is an effective technique for elimination of viruses, early diagnosis of grafting incompatibilities, rejuvenation of mature tissue, and bypassing the juvenile phase in fruit trees. Current micrografting procedures are difficult, impractical, expensive, and generally result in an inefficient rate of successful graft production. In order to alleviate some of these limitations, a unique apparatus was designed to splice the in vitro-derived scion and rootstock together during the micrografting process. The dual-layer device was constructed with a pliant outer layer to facilitate manipulation during the grafting of micro-scale plants, and a delicate, absorbent inner layer to cushion the plant tissue and retain hormones and other compounds. These chemicals are slowly released at the grafting zone to alleviate oxidation and enhance callus formation at the cut surface of scion and rootstock. After healing, it is easy to remove the grafting apparatus from the grafted plant without damaging the tissues. This apparatus may be used to unite a scion and a rootstock with different stem diameters. Shoot-tip cultures of `McIntosh' and `M-7' apple and `North Star' sweet cherry, and in vitro seedlings of lemon, orange and grapefruit were used as a source of in vitro scions and rootstocks. Successful graft unions were developed, and the grafted plants were transplanted into the greenhouse environment Micrografted plants were sectioned to determine the anatomical characteristics of the graft union.

scholarly journals Diversity among Pseudomonas syringae strains originating from fruit trees in Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarko Ivanovic ◽  
Svetlana Zivkovic ◽  
Mira Starovic ◽  
Dragana Josic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Pcr Method

Pseudomonas syringae is a widespread and economically important plant pathogen, one found on a number of hosts, including fruit trees, field crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants. This bacterium has been experimentally identified as a parasite of pear, apple, apricot, peach, cherry, sour cherry, plum, and raspberry. The present study was designed to establish differences between strains isolated from fruit trees in Serbia. The pathogenic and biochemical characteristics of isolates were studied. The BOX-PCR method was used to generate genomic fingerprints of Pseudomonas syringae isolates and to identify strains that were previously not distinguishable by other classification methods. Different Bacillus sp. strains were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against Pseudononas syringae isolates. Bacillus sp. strains show inhibitory activity only against P. syringae isolates that originated from peach. The obtained results demonstrate that the population of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae from the fruit trees in Serbia is very diverse.

Media derived from brown seaweeds Cystoseira myriophylloides and Fucus spiralis for in vitro plant tissue culture

2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siham Esserti ◽  
Mohamed Faize ◽  
Lalla Aicha Rifai ◽  
Amal Smaili ◽  
Malika Belfaiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Fucus Spiralis ◽  
In Vitro Plant

scholarly journals Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Abdel-Moety Salama ◽  
Ahmed Ezzat ◽  
Hassan El-Ramady ◽  
Shamel M. Alam-Eldein ◽  
Sameh Okba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Warm Winter ◽  
Winter Chill ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
The Tropics

Adequate chill is of great importance for successful production of deciduous fruit trees. However, temperate fruit trees grown under tropical and subtropical regions may face insufficient winter chill, which has a crucial role in dormancy and productivity. The objective of this review is to discuss the challenges for dormancy and chilling requirements of temperate fruit trees, especially in warm winter regions, under climate change conditions. After defining climate change and dormancy, the effects of climate change on various parameters of temperate fruit trees are described. Then, dormancy breaking chemicals and organic compounds, as well as some aspects of the mechanism of dormancy breaking, are demonstrated. After this, the relationships between dormancy and chilling requirements are delineated and challenging aspects of chilling requirements in climate change conditions and in warm winter environments are demonstrated. Experts have sought to develop models for estimating chilling requirements and dormancy breaking in order to improve the adaption of temperate fruit trees under tropical and subtropical environments. Some of these models and their uses are described in the final section of this review. In conclusion, global warming has led to chill deficit during winter, which may become a limiting factor in the near future for the growth of temperate fruit trees in the tropics and subtropics. With the increasing rate of climate change, improvements in some managing tools (e.g., discovering new, more effective dormancy breaking organic compounds; breeding new, climate-smart cultivars in order to solve problems associated with dormancy and chilling requirements; and improving dormancy and chilling forecasting models) have the potential to solve the challenges of dormancy and chilling requirements for temperate fruit tree production in warm winter fruit tree growing regions.

scholarly journals Advances in biotechnology of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L.: a nutraceuticals-rich fruit tree with multifaceted ethnomedicinal uses

3 Biotech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Gantait ◽  
Manisha Mahanta ◽  
Soumen Bera ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Medicinal Tree ◽  
Almost All

AbstractEmblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L., universally known as ‘Amla’ or ‘Aonla’ or ‘Indian gooseberry’, is a popular fruit tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and order Geraniales. It is said to be the very first tree that originated on earth, as claimed by age-old Indian mythology. Almost all parts of the tree i.e., root, bark, leaf, flower, fruit and seed are utilized in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal formulations to improve the overall digestive process, decrease fever, act as a blood purifier, relieve asthma and cough, improve heart health, etc. This tree contains major secondary metabolites like emblicanin-A and emblicanin-B, and also is an affluent source of vitamin-C. Additionally, some other secondary metabolites like tannins, gallic acid, pyrogallol, and pectin are also present in significant amounts. Conventional propagation has been improved via suitable interventions of agrotechnology both in production and protection areas. However, the rate of propagation remains slower; therefore, attempts have been made for biotechnological advancements on E. officinalis. The present review makes an attempt to highlight the botanical description, geographical distribution, ethnopharmacological importance, conventional propagation and protection of this medicinal tree, describing the in vitro-based plant organ and tissue culture methods like direct and indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis along with interventions of molecular marker-based biotechnology and nanotechnology. Further, the prospect of the yet-to-be-explored biotechnological methods for secondary metabolite enhancement like cell suspension, protoplast culture, genetic transformation, etc. and their potential for enhanced emblicanin production have also been discussed in this appraisal.

scholarly journals Fruit Tree-Based Agroforestry Systems for Smallholder Farmers in Northwest Vietnam—A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Van Hung Do ◽  
Nguyen La ◽  
Rachmat Mulia ◽  
Göran Bergkvist ◽  
A. Sigrun Dahlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
High Investment

Rapid expansion of unsustainable farming practices in upland areas of Southeast Asia threatens food security and the environment. This study assessed alternative agroforestry systems for sustainable land management and livelihood improvement in northwest Vietnam. The performance of fruit tree-based agroforestry was compared with that of sole cropping, and farmers’ perspectives on agroforestry were documented. After seven years, longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)-maize-forage grass and son tra (Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne)-forage grass systems had generated 2.4- and 3.5-fold higher average annual income than sole maize and sole son tra, respectively. Sole longan gave no net profit, due to high investment costs. After some years, competition developed between the crop, grass, and tree components, e.g., for nitrogen, and the farmers interviewed reported a need to adapt management practices to optimise spacing and pruning. They also reported that agroforestry enhanced ecosystem services by controlling surface runoff and erosion, increasing soil fertility and improving resilience to extreme weather. Thus, agroforestry practices with fruit trees can be more profitable than sole-crop cultivation within a few years. Integration of seasonal and fast-growing perennial plants (e.g., grass) is essential to ensure quick returns. Wider adoption needs initial incentives or loans, knowledge exchange, and market links.

IN VITRO SELECTION OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN FRUIT TREES

1995 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hammerschlag ◽  
D. Ritchie ◽  
D. Werner ◽  
G. Hashmil ◽  
L. Krusberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Five Antimicrobial Peptides against the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Rafael J. Mendes ◽  
Laura Regalado ◽  
João P. Luz ◽  
Natália Tassi ◽  
Cátia Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Membrane Permeabilization ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Pome Fruit

Fire blight is a major pome fruit trees disease that is caused by the quarantine phytopathogenic Erwinia amylovora, leading to major losses, namely, in pear and apple productions. Nevertheless, no effective sustainable control treatments and measures have yet been disclosed. In that regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an alternative biomolecule against pathogens but some of those AMPs have yet to be tested against E. amylovora. In this study, the potential of five AMPs (RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) together with BP100, were assessed to control E. amylovora. Antibiograms, minimal inhibitory, and bactericidal concentrations (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), growth and IC50 were determined and membrane permeabilization capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and colony-forming units (CFUs) plate counting. For the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for RW-BP100 and CA-M (5 and 5–8 µM, respectively for both MIC and MBC), whilst for IC50 RW-BP100 presented higher efficiency (2.8 to 3.5 µM). Growth curves for the first concentrations bellow MIC showed that these AMPs delayed E. amylovora growth. Flow cytometry disclosed faster membrane permeabilization for CA-M. These results highlight the potential of RW-BP100 and CA-M AMPs as sustainable control measures against E. amylovora.

In vitro development of isolated ectoderm from axolotl gastrulae

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. W. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Electron Microscope Examination ◽  
Vitro Development

The development of ectoderm isolated from the animal pole of axolotl gastrulae is monitored by light microscopy, electron microscopy and analysis of newly synthesized proteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids. When control embryos are undergoing neurulation it is shown that the explants autonomously begin to express epidermal markers and do not express mesodermal markers. However the results suggest that not all the cells become epidermal and electron microscope examination shows that only the outer layer does so, the inner cells remaining undifferentiated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document