scholarly journals Stomatal complex types, stomatal density, and the stomatal index in some species of dioscorea

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Abdulrahaman ◽  
F.O. Egbedo ◽  
F.A. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Dioscorea Cayenensis ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽  
Range Of Variation

Dioscorea alata L. has three stomatal complex types, namely, paracytic, anisocytic, and tetracytic stomata, with percentage frequency values of 50, 18, and 32, respectively. Dioscorea bulbifera has paracytic and anisocytic stomata, with percentage frequency values of 87.60 and 12.40, respectively. Dioscorea cayenensis has anisocytic stomata, with a percent?age frequency value of 100. Dioscorea dumetorum has tetracytic and paractytic stomata, with percentage frequency values of 91.05 and 8.95, respectively. Both D. esculenta and D. rotundata have paracytic stomata, with a percentage frequency of 100. The range of variation of stomatal density is from 10 (lowest value) in D. alata and D. dumentorum to 27 (highest value) in D. bulbifera. The stomatal index also varies, from 24 in D. alata to 47 in D. cayenensis. The size of stomata in all species is small, varying in length from 0.74 ?m in D. alata to 1.79 ?m in D. dumentorum. An indented dichotomous key based on stomatal features was constructed to distinguish and identify the species.

Étude des index d'ADN de huit espèces d'ignames (Dioscorea sp.) par cytométrie en flux

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perla Hamon ◽  
Jean-Paul Brizard ◽  
Jeanne Zoundjihékpon ◽  
Christophe Duperray ◽  
Alain Borgel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
Cytométrie En Flux ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Dioscorea Cayenensis ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera

Nine species (wild and cultivated) and some interspecific (wild × cultivated) hybrids were analysed by flow cytometry. This study confirms various polyploidy levels within cultivated species. DNA index varied by a factor of 1 to 3 for Dioscorea alata, 1 to 2.25 for Dioscorea bulbifera, and 1 to 2 for Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata, depending on the clone or cultivar considered. In wild species, only one DNA index per species was obtained. Whenever a relationship between DNA index and chromosome number could be established, the size of genome 1C was evaluated in picograms and base pairs. Two genome sizes were observed: genome A in D. cayenensis-rotundata, Dioscorea abyssinica, Dioscorea mangenotiana, and Dioscorea praehensilis and genome B in Dioscorea togoensis. These genomes were small sizes, only 1.5 to 2.1 times larger than that of Arabidopsis. Key words: yams, Dioscorea, flow cytometry, DNA index, genome size.

Micromorphologie des épidermes foliaires chez quelques espèces de Medicago

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3461-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Damerval
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cell ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Complex

The micromorphology of the abaxial epidermis of the first and sixth leaf has been studied in seven annual species of Medicago L. The pattern of the epidermal cells and of the stomatal complex does not allow differentiation of the taxa. Three main types of trichomes are recognized on the two foliar levels; their localization on the first leaf epidermis allows identification of five taxa out of seven. Four quantitative variables are also examined: stomatal density, trichome density, guard cell length, and stomatal index. The variable having the best discriminant value is the guard cell length on the first leaf. It is possible to identify each of the seven species by a combination of two features: the localization of the types of trichomes on the first leaf and the stomatal density on the sixth leaf.

scholarly journals Estimation of Phytochemical in Yam Flours and Sensory Attribute of Poundo Yam Produced from Yam and Moringa oleifera Seed Meal Blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Kanu ◽  
T. L. Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Yam Flour ◽  
Dioscorea Cayenensis ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed ◽  
Control Samples ◽  
General Acceptability

The sensory characteristic can be quantified and defined by the use of the descriptive profile. A different cultivar of yam can be used for the production of poundo yam. The standard of a product is determined by the evaluation and its acceptability by a taste panelist. Four cultivars of yam; Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea bulbifera were sourced and processed into flour. Moringa seed oleifera was defatted and the cake was blended at a different concentration of 5% and 10% with the yam flour. The qualitative phytochemical investigation of the yam flour and Moringa oleifera seed revealed the presence of, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoid oxalate, anthraquinone, phenol, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Quantitative analysis showed that among the control samples Dioscorea alata (DAC), Dioscorea Dioscorea bulbifera (DBC), cayenensis (DCC) and Dioscorea rotundata (DRC). DRC and DAC have the highest values in the total phenol and total flavonoids. Dioscorea cayenensis recorded the highest value in steroid and saponin content. The flavonoids, steroid and terpenoid were improved by the inclusion of moringa seed meal at 5% and 10%. The result of the sensory analysis revealed that panellist preferred DRC in term of moldability, texture, taste and general acceptability. However, the samples with moringa seed meal at 5% and 10% inclusion compete favourably with the control samples. The inclusion of Moringa oleifera seed meal at 10% improved the pounded yam and was more accepted than the 5% in term of general acceptability.

scholarly journals Growth and leaf epidermal response of three Sesamum indicum varieties to industrial effluent irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Abdul Rahaman ◽  
OM Olaniran ◽  
FA Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Epidermal Features

The effect of industrial effluents was studied with respect to growth and leaf anatomy of three Sesamum indicum varieties (NGB 00931, NGB 00937 and NGB 00939). Industrial effluents (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from two industries are used to irrigate the plants. Although, the control plants possessed larger leaves and longer stems than the effluent-treated plants, at lower concentration, the plant growth is relatively higher. Gradual decrease in the germination of seeds and seedling growth with increase in effluent concentration was observed. The best germination and seedling growth was observed at the 25% concentration. Leaf epidermal features (stomatal density, stomatal index, stomatal size, trichome density, tricome index, trichome size and number of epidermal cells) are more influenced in the effluent-treated plants than in the control plants from the Peace Standard Pharmaceutical Industry than in the effluent from the Global Soap & Detergent Industry. Thus the industrial effluents can be safely used for irrigation purposes with proper treatment and dilution at 25%.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 1-6, 2017

scholarly journals A Deep Learning-Based Method for Automatic Assessment of Stomatal Index in Wheat Microscopic Images of Leaf Epidermis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuancheng Zhu ◽  
Yusong Hu ◽  
Hude Mao ◽  
Shumin Li ◽  
Fangfang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics

The stomatal index of the leaf is the ratio of the number of stomata to the total number of stomata and epidermal cells. Comparing with the stomatal density, the stomatal index is relatively constant in environmental conditions and the age of the leaf and, therefore, of diagnostic characteristics for a given genotype or species. Traditional assessment methods involve manual counting of the number of stomata and epidermal cells in microphotographs, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Although several automatic measurement algorithms of stomatal density have been proposed, no stomatal index pipelines are currently available. The main aim of this research is to develop an automated stomatal index measurement pipeline. The proposed method employed Faster regions with convolutional neural networks (R-CNN) and U-Net and image-processing techniques to count stomata and epidermal cells, and subsequently calculate the stomatal index. To improve the labeling speed, a semi-automatic strategy was employed for epidermal cell annotation in each micrograph. Benchmarking the pipeline on 1,000 microscopic images of leaf epidermis in the wheat dataset (Triticum aestivum L.), the average counting accuracies of 98.03 and 95.03% for stomata and epidermal cells, respectively, and the final measurement accuracy of the stomatal index of 95.35% was achieved. R2 values between automatic and manual measurement of stomata, epidermal cells, and stomatal index were 0.995, 0.983, and 0.895, respectively. The average running time (ART) for the entire pipeline could be as short as 0.32 s per microphotograph. The proposed pipeline also achieved a good transferability on the other families of the plant using transfer learning, with the mean counting accuracies of 94.36 and 91.13% for stomata and epidermal cells and the stomatal index accuracy of 89.38% in seven families of the plant. The pipeline is an automatic, rapid, and accurate tool for the stomatal index measurement, enabling high-throughput phenotyping, and facilitating further understanding of the stomatal and epidermal development for the plant physiology community. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep learning-based microphotograph analysis pipeline for stomatal index assessment.

scholarly journals Reacción de genotipos de ñame (dioscorea spp) a la antracnosis (colletotrichum gloeosporioides)

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Yuli Mendez ◽  
Jorge Palencia ◽  
Karina Hernandez ◽  
Eduardo Hernandez ◽  
Javier Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Dioscorea Cayenensis

El ñame (Dioscorea spp) es afectado por diferentes patógenos, entre los que se destaca Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, agente causal de la antracnosis. Esta enfermedad reduce la eficiencia fotosintética de la planta y ocasiona pérdidas en la producción de más del 90% en variedades susceptibles y disminución en la calidad de los tubérculos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la reacción de genotipos de ñame, en la colección de la Universidad de Sucre, a la antracnosis. Se realizaron inoculaciones con cuatro aislados de C. gloeosporioides en 19 accesiones, correspondientes a las especies Dioscorea alata (diez), Dioscorea rotundata (siete), Dioscorea cayenensis (una), y Dioscorea trífida (una); mediante aspersión de esporas en hojas de plantas in vitro. Se encontró diferencia altamente significativa en la reacción del germoplasma de ñame a la antracnosis (F= 80,37; gl= 18; p menor que 0,0000), sin embargo los aislados evaluados no mostraron diferencia significativa en su agresividad (F= 1,71; gl= 3; p menor que 0,1762). D. trifida presentó la mayor resistencia, seguida de D. cayenensis y D. rotundata; mientras que D. alata fue la especie más susceptible.

scholarly journals Variation in Anatomical Characteristics in Leaves of Pecan Seedstocks from Mexico and the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhulika Sagaram ◽  
Leonardo Lombardini ◽  
L.J. Grauke
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Longitudinal Gradient ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Natural Range

Leaf anatomical traits of Mexican and U.S. pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] seedstocks grown in a single location were studied to determine patterns of ecogeographic variation within the natural range. Stomatal density was uniform among open-pollinated seedlings of a common maternal parent with twofold differences in stomatal density separating some seedstocks. There was an inverse relationship between stomatal density and epidermal cell density. Stomatal density and stomatal index of Mexican seedstocks were related to longitude and annual precipitation of origin. Stomatal density increased along the longitudinal gradient toward the east coast of Mexico; seedstocks originating from areas on the east coast of Mexico had greater stomatal density than seedstocks originating from the drier areas on the west coast. Stomatal density and stomatal index did not follow a pattern along latitude or longitude in the U.S. seedstocks. Although isotopic carbon (13C) discrimination did not vary greatly in Mexican seedstocks, the reduction in stomatal density in pecan trees from areas with reduced annual precipitation suggest the presence of an anatomical feature to reduce water losses.

scholarly journals Stomatal Density in Antirrhinum majus L.: Inheritance and Trends with Development

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1252-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Advanced Generation ◽  
Over Time

Stomatal density during plant development and inheritance of the trait were investigated with the goal of utilizing stomatal density as a correlated trait to cutflower postharvest longevity in Antirrhinum majus L. Inbred P1 (stomatal index = 0.2) was hybridized to inbred P2 (stomatal index = 0.3) to produce F1 (P1 × P2), which was backcrossed to each parent producing BCP1 (F1 × P1) and BCP2 (F1 × P2). P1, P2, F1, BCP1, and BCP2 were used to examine changes in stomatal density with plant development and early generation inheritance. An F2 (F1 self-pollinated), and F3, F4, and F5 families, derived by self-pollination and single seed descent, were used to obtain information on advanced generation inheritance. Stomatal density was stable over time and with development of leaves at individual nodes after seedlings reached two weeks of age. Therefore, stomatal density can be evaluated after two weeks of plant development from a leaf at any node. Stomatal density is quantitatively inherited with narrow sense heritabilities of h2F2:F3 = 0.47 to 0.49, h2F3:F4 = 0.37 ± 0.06 to 0.60 ± 0.07, and h2F4:F5 = 0.47 ± 0.07 to 0.50 ± 0.07.

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