scholarly journals Is there ethological isolation among Drosophila melanogaster strains reared for more than 35 generations on different food?

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofija Pavkovic-Lucic
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Food Standard ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Cornmeal Agar ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ethological Isolation ◽  
Term Maintenance

Ethological isolation among three strains of D. melanogaster reared for more than 35 generations on different food (standard cornmeal-agar-yeast medium, banana, and tomato) was tested in a series of multiple choice tests. Long-term maintenance on different substrates did not contribute to sexual isolation among three 'nutritional strains', as degrees of ethological isolation (Malogolowkin-Cohen's isolation indices) were not statistically significant. Males and females reared on different nutritional resources were equally successful in matings, i.e., significant differences in the number of copulations achieved by males and females from various lines were not observed.

Mating success and wing morphometry in Drosophila melanogaster after long-term rearing on different diets

Behaviour ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 1431-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Trajković ◽  
Sofija Pavković-Lučić ◽  
Tatjana Savić
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ethological Isolation

Different environmental factors are important for development, physiology, behaviour and, therefore, adaptation of Drosophila species. Additionally, the presence of genetic and phenotypic variation in traits affecting mate choice forms the basis for sexual selection that may lead to isolation between populations in different nutritive environments. The aim of this research was to determine mating success and wing morphometry of Drosophila melanogaster flies after more than a decade of growing on banana and carrot substrates. Males and females reared on carrot medium were more successful in mating than flies reared on banana diet. Females originating from banana medium rather chose males originating from carrot substrate, while females developed on carrot medium equally chose males developed on both substrates. Differences in wing size and shape were observed between sexes and nutritional strains. Furthermore, the results showed absence of ethological isolation between two ‘nutritional’ strains.

scholarly journals Co-varying Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Their Long-Term Maintenance Among Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Liu ◽  
Jinseok Kim ◽  
Natalie Colabianchi ◽  
Andrew Ortaglia ◽  
Russell R. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Term Maintenance

Background:We examined the covarying patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among adolescents and their long-term maintenance.Methods:Data came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1995–2002). We used latent class analysis to identify distinct covarying patterns in adolescence. Logistic regression models were used to predict odds of meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations (≥5 bouts/week) and exceeding screen time guidelines (>2 hours/day) 6 years later based on their adolescent class profile.Results:Five classes for each gender were identified and labeled as low physical activity (PA)/low sedentary behaviors (SED), moderate (Mod) PA/high (HI) SED, Mod PA/low SED, HI PA/low SED, and HI PA (except skating/biking)/low SED. Compared with low PA/low SED, males and females in Mod PA/low SED, HI PA/low SED, and HI PA (except skating/biking)/low SED classes had increased odds of meeting MVPA recommendations in young adulthood. Mod PA/HI SED had higher odds of exceeding screen time guidelines in young adulthood (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for females: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.00−2.81; AOR for males: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.80−6.09).Conclusions:Findings are useful to aid the development of multifactorial interventions that promote physical activity and reduce screen time among adolescents transitioning to adulthood.

Collation of the Courtship Behaviour of the Sympatric Species Drosophila Melanogaster and Drosophila Simulans

Behaviour ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Welbergen ◽  
W. Scharloo ◽  
F.R. VAN DIJKEN
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract1. A female choice experiment between two stocks of the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans revealed a complete sexual isolation between the two species. 2. The courtship behaviour of males and females of the two species has been recorded in single pair matings by one observer using a microcomputer. It can be classified into the same 16 elements without stressing the species-typical aspects of the performances. 3. A detailed comparison of four courtship parameters per behavioural element, (I) percentage of total number of courtship acts, (II) percentage of total courtship time, (III) mean boutlength, and (IV) mean frequency per minute, showed a substantial quantitative differentiation of both sexes between the two closely-related species. 4. Drosophila simulans males and females are both less active in performing their behaviours than D. melanogaster. Scissoring is the major type of wingdisplay in the courtship of D. simulans males, and vibration is more common in the courtship of D. melanogaster males. Drosophila simulans females show lower frequencies per minute of all elements, except walking, extruding, and flicking. 5. Courtship duration in D. melanogaster males is controlled by the elements: orientation, following, and attempted copulation, as was shown by correlation analysis. In D. simulans males, courtship duration is mainly controlled by the elements licking and attempted copulation. However, with respect to the correlation coefficients of individual male behaviours the two species do not differ significantly. Therefore, we could not single out decisive and distinctive elements for enhancement of female's receptivity as a discriminating feature of male sexual behaviour of the two species. 6. First-order sequential analysis of intra-male dyadic transitions between adjacent behaviour elements of D. melanogaster and D. simulans shows quantitative differences primarily in transitions with either vibration or scissoring as the preceding or succeeding acts. Differences between the two female species are mainly limited to transitions in which the rejection-movements decamping and kicking are involved. 7. Analysis of inter-individual dyadic sequences gives the communicative value of male elements relative to the female elements and vice versa. In the communicative interactions with females, scissoring is the major type of wingdisplay in D. simulans males. It accomplishes the same role either in responding to the female or in stimulating the female as vibration does in D. melanogaster males. The elements standing, preening, and extruding are the central behaviours of females in both species in elucidating the male elements orientation, major type of wingdisplay, licking, and attempted copulation. However, the degree to which these male elements are initiated by the female's elements differs quantitatively between the two species. These quantitative differences emphasizes the differentiation in patterns of interaction between sexes between the two species.

scholarly journals Sex-limited mitochondrial DNA transmission in the marine mussel Mytilus edulis.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
D O Skibinski ◽  
C Gallagher ◽  
C M Beynon
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Marine Mussel ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Mtdna Inheritance ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was thought to be inherited maternally in animals, although paternal leakage has been reported in mice and Drosophila. Recently, direct evidence of extensive paternal inheritance of mtDNA has been found in the marine mussel Mytilus. We give evidence that whereas female mussels are homoplasmic for a genome that is transmitted to eggs, male mussels are heteroplasmic for this genome and for a second genome that is transmitted preferentially to sperm. The results provide support for the existence of separate male and female routes of mtDNA inheritance in mussels. The two genomes show a base sequence divergence exceeding 20% at three protein coding genes, consistent with long term maintenance of the heteroplasmic state. We propose that the two genomes differ in fitness in males and females, possibly as a result of interaction with nuclear genes.

Sexual selection, sexual isolation and pheromones in Drosophila melanogaster strains after long-term maintaining on different diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Trajković ◽  
Dragana Miličić ◽  
Tatjana Savić ◽  
Sofija Pavković-Lučić
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Isolation

Efficacious long-term maintenance therapy with pantoprazole (PAN) in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A613-A613
Author(s):  
P BORNMAN ◽  
K RADEBOLD ◽  
H DEBAERE ◽  
L VENTER ◽  
H HEINZE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome ◽  
Term Maintenance

Two Models for Multiple Choice Tests

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brown Grier ◽  
Raymond Ditrichs
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests
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